翻译硕士考研词汇辨析总结.docVIP

翻译硕士考研词汇辨析总结apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinctapparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct这一组形容词都有“明显的”之意。apparent a.明显的，显而易见的，尤其指容易观察到或认识到的事物。He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高兴，显然他现在想走了。evident a.明白的，明显的，与apparent基本同意，多用于推理或由事实证明的事物。It is evident that he is guilty; his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.显然他是有罪的，在犯罪现场发现了他的指纹。manifest a.清楚的，明显的，多指根据外部特征或迹象便能看出或了解其意义，常作表语。Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出众，但长相并不动人。obvious a.明显的，显而易见的，含有无可辩白，不需证明之意。It is obvious that that woman has had too much to drink.很显然，那个妇女酒喝的太多了。distinct a.清楚的，明显的；不同的，独特的。修饰性质明显不同的东西。Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治疗已使他的健康有了明显的好转applaud, clap, commend, praiseapplaud, clap, commend, praise的区别applaud v.鼓掌，赞扬，指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许，大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表扬了我的工作，对我的努力表示赞许。clap v.拍打，其用法是clap ones hand=applaud,不能说applaud ones hands。clap sb. 为某人鼓掌clap sth. 拍打某物commend v.为正式用词，用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖，通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。praise v.为一般用词，用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕；赞颂，赞美。A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。area, district, region, vicinity, zonearea, district, region, vicinity, zone这一组名词都有“区域”的意思。area n.泛指面积较大的地区；面积；专业领域。The New York area has high rents.纽约地区房租很高。district n.行政区划的小范围地区。如Xicheng district北京西城区region n.行政区划上更大的地区，如“自治区”；身体部位。The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美国东北部包括纽约和新英格兰地区的那六个州。vicinity n.周围地区，附近地区。The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.警察都十分警惕因为逃跑的罪犯就藏在附近地区。zone n.指特定的地方、地带。The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通过法律，在一些空地上开辟商业区。Then we add the picture to the trash zone.然后，把这个照片添加到 “垃圾” 区中。They circumnavigated the danger zone and speeded along.他们绕过危险地带疾驶而去。Find something that takes you out of your comfort zone or that you love to do.找到一些把你带离舒适区域的事或你热爱去做的事。assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposiumassembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium这一组名词都表示“会议”的意思。assembly n.集合，集会。The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.学生们在大礼堂举行集会。conference n. (专门性的)会议，讨论会。The conference on international economic problems met in Genevaa.关于世界经济问题的会议在日内瓦召开。congress n.代表大会，(美国的)国会。Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美国国会通过的法律，人民一定要遵守。rally n. (鼓舞士气的)集会；群众性集会。The football coach called a rally to build up the teams excitement for the next game.足球教练召开了一个动员会，以便鼓舞士气打好下次比赛。seminar n. (大学的)研究班，研讨会。During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假里，一些教师在学院里参加研究班。session n. (一届)会议，回合。the autumn session of Parliament议会的秋季会议summit n.最高级会议，峰会(通常为领导人参加)。Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年将在维也纳举行最高级会谈。symposium n. (学术、科研方面的)座谈会，专题报告会。The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研讨会持续了两天。assessment, estimate, evaluationassessment, estimate, evaluation这一组名词都有“评估”的意思。assessment n.评估，估价，常常表示对于财产、价值的评估。We have a low assessment on our property.我们对我们的资产评估很低。But how do you really know what exists unless you do an in-depth assessment?但是，除非您进行深入评估，否则如何真正了解存在什么内容呢？Rational, unemotional, self assessment should tell us whether or not we have the skills and ability to do something.理性的不参杂感情的自我评价应该能告诉我们自己是否有能力和技巧去做些什么。Every couple goes through a stage of assessment as you figure out if you want to be together: Do you want to live together?每对伴侣都会经历一个评估阶段，以决定是否想和身边人在一起的时候：你确认想一起生活吗？estimate n.估计，强调进行评估得出的结果，常与动词give搭配。The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.机械师给我的汽车修理费的粗略估计是200或300美元。evaluation n. (对于能力，价值、工作业绩的)评价，估价，常带有肯定的、正确的含义。He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他对于我们的科学研究给予了积极的评价。Evaluation: What do you have?评估：您有什么？How will this affect your next performance evaluation?这将如何影响您下一步的性能评价？If the operators all have the same precedence, then the order of evaluation depends on their associativity.如果所有操作符优先级一样，那么求值顺序就取决于它们的 结合性。associate, ally, combine, uniteassociate, ally, combine, unite这一组词都有“联合”的意思。associate v.交往，结交；联系，联想。多指平等友好的合作，后接with，表示与某人交往或合作，后接in表示在某个方面合作。We associate with our neighbors at church.在教堂里，我们同邻居交往。ally v.使结盟，使联姻，多与with搭配。Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.几个政治党派联合起来反对提高税收。Another ally can do this but not that.另一个盟国能这样、又不能那样做。He has also proved, far beyond the call of duty, his affection for the US and his loyalty as an ally.他同时也证明了，他对美国的热爱和作为一个盟友的忠贞，都远远超过了职责要求。I hesitate to even mention this because I believe in the power of one, but you can find an ally to help.我很犹豫是否提到这个，因为我相信个体的力量。 但是你可以找一个同盟者来帮忙。combine v.联合，化合，混合，多指为了某个目的将不同的人或物混合而成一个整体。The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.小姑娘把糖、黄油和面粉混合到一起做成面团。unite v.联合，合并，团结，尤指不同的事物或人组成统一体，强调结果的一致性。The nation united against its enemy.国民团结一致共同对敌。average, common, general, universal, usualaverage, common, general, universal, usual这一组形容词都有“普通”的意思。average a.普通的，一般的，它强调的是一般水准或普通水准；通常在有数字出现的情况下，表示“平均的”。The average runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes.跑步者15分钟内平均跑两英里。common a.常见的，普通的，不足为奇的，有时引申为“平凡的”，强调事物的共同性。另外，它还有“公共的，共同的”之意。Car accidents are a common occurrence.交通事故是很普通的事件。general a.普通的，一般的，表示涉及到各方面，强调整体性而非个别和例外，该词的反义词为particular。In general, the economy is doing well now.总的来说，现在的经济形式还不错。universal a.普遍的，比general语气更强，有“全然没有例外”的意思。Poverty is a universal problem all over the world.贫困是世界各地普遍存在的问题。usual a.通常的，惯常的，强调“习惯性的，符合规章制度的”，是个一般用语。award, rewardaward, reward的用法award v.指正式地或官方地颁发，授予，给予；也可以指法庭裁决给予。后面可跟双宾语。The school principal awarded a prize in history to the best student.学校校长将历史奖授予最出色的学生。This new invention won the highest award.这项新发明获得最高奖。However, I do not want to sound like a Hollywood actor accepting an award.然而，我不想听起来像一个正在接受奖项的好莱坞演员。It is the custom of this academy to make an annual award for outstanding researchers in chemistry.每年向杰出的化学研究人员发奖是这个学会的惯例。reward v.酬劳，奖赏，回报，通常指因做了某一件事或提供了某种服务而应得到报酬或酬谢，其后一般以人或人的行为作宾语。后跟with用来说明以何物作为报酬。I will reward to the person who returns my lost dog.我将出50美元，酬谢帮我找回丢失的狗的人。He made promises of a large reward.他许下要给大报酬的诺言。How can I reward you for your kindness?我怎样才能报答你的好意呢?They reinforced good behaviour with some kind of reward to direct a childs pattern of behaviour.他们以某种奖赏鼓励好的行为来指导孩子的行为模式。access, assessaccess, assess这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。access n.接近，进入。The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。So how do you access it?那么如何访问连接池？You can turn on and off access to any of these groups.您可以打开或关闭对任何这些组的访问。Regardless of where we are and what we are doing, we want access to our data.不管我们身在何处、在做什么，我们都想要访问到我们的数据。assess v.评估(财产，价值)。I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。If so, how do we assess it?如果是，我们如何评价它？They assess his house at 15000 yuan.他们给他房子的估价为15000元。How do you assess that?那你该怎么评估收益？accent, tone, dialectaccent, tone, dialect这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。accent n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。tone n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。dialect n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。the Yorkshire dialect 约克郡方言the Sichuan dialect四川方言Is it a dialect?它是一种方言吗？Cockney is the colourful dialect spoken in the East End of London.伦敦方言是在伦敦东区讲的颇有特色的地方语。In some way, I agree with you that Singlish is like a dialect because we tend to mix our spoken English with some other languages.在某种程度上，我同意你说的新加坡英语像一种方言，因为我们趋向于把我们所说的英语和一些其他语言混合起来。abundant, plentifulabundant, plentiful这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。abundant a. (数量)充足的，常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含有“过多”之意。Our country is abundant in minerals.我国矿产非常丰富。Our country has a vast territory and abundant resources.我国土地辽阔， 资源丰富。In particular, it should not export capital to capital-abundant countries like the US.特别是，它不应该把资本输出到像美国那样资本充裕的国家。Oil is in abundant supply in this country.这个国家石油供应十分充裕。plentiful a.丰富的，充足的，常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。Eggs are plentiful at this moment.现在鸡蛋很多。The pigs battened on the plentiful fodder.那些猪饲料充足，吃得膘肥体壮。This is because, even were it not cheap and plentiful, gas would be attractive simply on the grounds of cleanliness.这是因为即使天然气还不够廉价和丰富，它也会仅由于“清洁”的特点而具备强大吸引力。If a fisherman sold the squid processors a proportion of his expected catch a year ahead and squid turned out to be plentiful, he would do well.如果一个渔民出售了鱿鱼加工机，他下一年的预期捕获物比例和捕获鱿鱼将是丰富的，他将做的很好。absurd, ridiculous, sillyabsurd, ridiculous, silly这一组形容词都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。a silly little boy 傻小子How can you explain such a silly remark?你怎能解释这样一个愚蠢的意见?Hes been plaguing me with silly questions all day!他整天老是拿愚蠢的问题来烦我!This short novel was stuffed out with silly conversation.这部短篇小说用无聊的对话拉得很长。abstract, digest, outline, summaryabstract, digest, outline, summary这一组名词都有“要点，摘要”的意思。abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他的书的概要。digest n. (篇幅较长的)摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。Readers Digest读者文摘outline n.要点，大纲，概要。She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。Summary n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格。His summary prosifies the poem.他的摘要把诗散文化了。As you can see, these requirements are not in the same summary task or deliverable.正如您所看到的，这些需求并不在同一个概要任务或者交付中。If you have verification points, summary information for those tests will be shown here, as well as in Figure 30.如果您有验证点，那么在此将显示出那些测试的摘要信息，以及图 30 中的内容。abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguishabolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish这一组动词都有“取消，除掉”的意思。abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。The government abolished the tax on alcohol. 政府取消了酒税。Cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu. 会议由于流感而取消了。eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。dispose v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。Exclude v.排斥；排除，不包括在内，与include互为反义词。The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。Extinguish v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火。abnormal, uncommon, disorderedabnormal, uncommon, disordered这三个单词都有“反常的”之意，在考研和CET-6当中经常让考生们辨析它们的细微差别。abnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。)That is simply abnormal.那简直是反常的。They have one abnormal gene from that parent and one normal gene from the other parent.他们具有来自父母一方的一个异常基因和来自父母另一方的一个正常基因。The machinist pressed his ear to the instrument in order to listen and tell where the abnormal sound came from.机械师把耳朵紧贴在仪器上想听出和找出反常的声音出自何处。uncommon a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！disordered a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。We couldnt understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。abide, adhere, conform, complyabide, adhere, conform, comply这四个研究生入学考试中的高频考词都有“遵守”的意思，但是它们的搭配不同。Abide v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。I will abide by the director decision.我将遵从主任的决定。adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。accommodate, afford, furnishaccommodate, afford, furnish这一组动词都有“提供”的意思。accommodate v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供500位来宾住宿。The company accommodated the customers wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。afford v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供?对吗。We cant afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。Furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知