外文翻译-基于支持Java平台手机的远程病人监护系统的开发

外文原文TheDevelopmentofaRemotePatientMonitoringSystemUsingJava-enabledMobilePhonesAbstract:Aremotepatientmonitoringsystemisdescribed.ThissystemistomonitorinformationofmultiplepatientsinICU/CCUvia3Gmobilephones.Conventionally,variouspatientinformation,suchasvitalsigns,iscollectedandstoredonpatientinformationsystems.Inproposedsystem,thepatientinformationisrecollectedbyremoteinformationserver,andtransportedtomobilephones.Theserverisworkedasagatewaybetweenhospitalintranetandpublicnetworks.Providedinformationfromtheserverconsistsofgraphsandtextdata.Doctorscanbrowsepatientsinformationontheirmobilephonesviatheserver.AcustomJavaapplicationsoftwareisusedtobrowsethesedata.Inthisstudy,theinformationserverandJavaapplicationaredeveloped,andcommunicationbetweentheserverandmobilephoneinmodelenvironmentisconfirmed.Toapplythissystemtopracticalproductsofpatientinformationsystemsisfuturework.I.INTRODUCTIONRecently,computersandnetworksarewidelyusedinmedicalfieldasgrowthofinformationtechnology.Manysystemstosupportdoctorsactivitiesusingcomputersandnetworksareintroduced.Oneofthemostfamiliarandsimpletechnologiesisamobilephone.Mobilephonesthatintegratevariousfunctions,suchaspersonalinformationmanagement,cameraandapplicationplatform,areincreasingrapidly.Inaddition,3G(thirdgeneration)mobilephonemakepossibletotransferlargedata,suchasphotos,moviesandapplicationfilesetc.Theuseofthesemobilephonesinmedicalfieldhasmuchpossibilitiestobringneweraofmedicine.Inthispaperwedevelopedreallynewformofthetelemedicinesystem.ThroughtheInternetdoctorscanquicklygetnotonlyvoiceinformation,butalsovisualinformationofpatientsbodysignal.Thesystemconsistsofasetofbiomedicalmonitors,theremoteinformationserverandaJava-enabled3Gmobilephone.Thefollowingcaseissupposed.Weguessacasethatmedicaldoctorisnotatthetreatmentroominordertoattendameetingintheotherroomortogooutfromthehospital.Atthattimeconditionofthepatientwouldbecomeworsesuddenly.Conventionallymedicalstafftherecallsthedoctoronhis/hermobilephone.Thenthestafftellsthedoctortheconditionofthepatient.Thedoctorcangetsomeinformationofpatientbythemedicalstaffsvoice.Hegiveshisstaffdirectionsthoroughtelephoneline.Inthiscasetheinformationthatthedoctorgetswithhismobilephoneislessthanonethatgetsattheplacetotreatpatients.ThereforewedevelopedtheremotepatientmonitoringsystemwithJavaenabledmobilephone.Consequently,medicaldoctorthatisoutoftheplacetotreatpatientscangetdatathatismeasuredbysomemedicaldevicesthere.Thenamountofinformationthatthedoctorgetswiththissystembecomesmorethaneverbefore.Thedoctorcangiveaproperdiagnosisandgivethestaffonsiteadvices.Thepurposeofthisstudyisincreaseamountofinformationthatcanbegotinexchanginginformationbetweenmedicalstaffsanddoctorswhoareoutofthehospital,adoptingthissysteminthehospital.Moreoverthesystemadvancesthequalityofmedicalcare.Itcanreduceerrorinmedicaltreatmentandimprovemedicalsafety.II.OVERVIEWOFTHESYSTEMTheoverallsystemflowisshowninFigure1.Thissystemconsistsofmainlythreeparts.Thefirstisasetofbiomedicalmonitors.SomemonitorsarecomposedofBedsideMonitorthatmeasuresbiologicalsignalsofpatientsandCentralStationMonitorthatgatherssomedatathatgotfrombedsidemonitors.TheSecondisaserverthatcommunicateswithothernetwork.Ithastwofunctions.OneoffunctionsistolinkbetweenthehospitalsnetworkandtheInternetgateway.Anotherfunctionistogenerategraphimagesofpatientsdatanumericvalueofsomepatientsdataandtomanagedata.ThethirdisaJava-enabledmobilephonethattakenaroundwithadoctor.WeaccesstheserverthroughtheInternetserviceusingit.Thenthemobilephonecanretrievegraphimagesofpatientsdatafromtheremoteinformationserver.Inthiswork,wemainlydevelopedexchanginginformationbetweentheserverandthemobilephone.Concretely,threefunctionsweredeveloped.Thefirstisgraphingnumericdataofpatientsintheserver.Thesecondismovingtheirdataintheserver.ThethirdisbrowsingtotheserverfolderwherepatientsdataislocatedusingaJava-enabledmobilephone.Fig.1:SystemflowIII.SYSTEMSTRUCTUREWedevelopedawebserverasserverinthehospital.Technically,thewebserverisanApacheserverrunningonaWindowsXPoperatingsystem.TocreateHTMLpagesdynamically,thePHPHypertextPreprocessor(ApacheSoftwareFoundation,2004)isused.PHPisageneral-purposescriptinglanguagethatisespeciallysuitedforwebdevelopment.ItsmainadvantageincomparisonwithotherscriptinglanguagessuchasPerlisthatitcanbeinincorporatedintheHTMLpageitself,whichbringsanopportunitytotheserveritselftogenerateapartofthehtmlcode1.Ontheusersside,awebserverservesastheinterfacetotheserversystem.thisserverisaccessedfromHTMLpages,andismanageddata.Weassumethatmedicalstaffsmanagesomepatientsdataintheplacetotreatwhenthemedicaldoctorisnotthere.Thisserversystemissupportedtwofunctions.First,itismakinggraphdatafromnumericpatientsdataandsavingthegraphdatainafolder.TheformatofgraphsisGIFimage.WeusePHPlottodrawgraphs.PHPlotisaPHPgraphicsclassforcreatingchartsandplotsinnativePHP2.ThisusedPHPtocreateprettylittlegraphsofthealertdata.ExampleofgraphdataisshowninFigure2.Fig.2:ExampleofgraphSecond,itisselectingfilesintheserverandtransferringthefilefromafoldertoasenddatafolder.ThesenddatafolderisafoldertobeabletobrowsewhenweaccesstheserverusingaJava-enabledmobilephone.ThestructureofdirectoriesintheserverisdividedintoPatientsDirectoryandSendDataDirectory.PatientsDirectoryisadirectorytosavepatientsdatafrommonitors.PersonaldirectoriesarestoredinthePatientsdirectoryandSendDataDirectory.Datafilesarestoredinpersonaldirectories.Datafileshavesomegraphdata.TheoverallserversystemisshowninFigure3.Figure4isthestructureofdirectories.Fig.3:ServerSystemArchitectureFig.4:StructureofDirectoriesThe3GmobilephonethatisusedinthisstudyisNTTDoCoMosmobilephone.ItisJavaenabled.AJava-basedserviceisprovidedbyNTTDoCoMo.WecalledtheserviceiAppli.ThearchitectureoftheJava-enabledmobilephoneisdescribed.ItissupportedSunsJava2PlatformMicroEdition(J2ME).Itprovidesacomprehensiveapplicationdevelopmentplatformforcreatingnetworkedproductsandapplicationsfortheconsumer.Itistargetedfordevicessuchasmobilephoneshavinglimitedhardwareandnetworkresources.FurthermoreTheConnected,LimitedDeviceConfiguration(CLDC)andTheKVirtualMachine(KVM)supportJ2ME.KVMistheheartofJ2MEtechnology.ItisJavaVirtualMachinedesignedfromthegroundupforsmallmemory.ThereforewecanuseJavaonthephone.Inaddition,internetservicecalledi-ModeusingthemobilephoneisprovidedbyNTTDoCoMo.Inthispaper,twoJavaprogramsrunningonthemobilephoneareintroduced.AmobilephonethatweuseinthisstudyisFOMA(FreedomOfMobilemulti-mediaAccess).FOMAisbrandnamefor3GservicesbeingofferedbyNTTDoCoMo.ItsspecificationisshowninTable1.Thescratchpadsizepresentsamemorysizefordatastoragethatwesavein.Table.1:Specificationofa3GMobilePhone(FOMA)ApplicationSize100KBScratchpadSize400KBCommunicationProtocolHTTPTypeofApplicationClient/ServermodelThisJavaapplicationprogramisthattodisplaysomepatientsgraphfilethatislocatedintheserverofhospital.Concretely,usingthemobilephone,graphfilesintheserverareaccessedthroughnetworks.Figure5isnetworkarchitecture.Thisnetworkoperationisperformedthroughi-Modeserver,thencommunicationprotocolbetweenamobilephoneandserverisHTTP34.ServerInterneti-ModecenterHTTPNTTDoCoMos3GMobileCommunicationNetwork3GMobilePhone(Javaapplicationenabled)Fig.5:NetworkArchitectureInthisstudy,twoapplicationsaredeveloped.Twomeanstoaccessthegraphfileintheserverareformulated.ItshowsinFigure6.Fig.6:TwoapplicationmodelsOneofmeansisdisplayinggraphicdatathatmeasureaselectedmeasurementitem.(1inFigure6)Forexample,thereisacasethatadoctormustcomparemultiplegraphicsdatatogiveadiagnosis.Thereforetheapplicationisallowedtodisplaymultiplegraphicsdataatascreen.Anotherisselectingadatathatdoctorswanttosee.(2inFigure6)Intheserversomemeasurementitemsarestoredinsomedirectory.Thenthedoctorcanselectdatesonhis/herownwillandcanseethemataremoteplace.IV.EXAMPLESOFOPERATIONThissystemnetworkisactuallysetup,andtheremoteserverisdeveloped.Therealnetworkinahospitalisnotused.Soavirtualnetworkisdeveloped.Wedonothadmonitorsandweassumethatsomepatientsdatawhichhadmeasuredbyanothermethodbefore.SosomeEEGdatasamplesareusedasgraphdatasamplesmeasuredbyanumberofmeasurementitemthatisusedinthispaper.Someexamplesofapplicationsareshown.First,anexampleofcontrolfilesintheserverusingwebpageisshowninFigure7.Onthefirstpage,namesoffilesthatarelocatedinthepatientdirectoryareshown.Onthesecondpage,wecanselectpatientsdirectorytosendtoamobilephoneandgotothesecondpage.Therewecanselectsomedatatosend.Onthebackground,selectedfilesmovetosendingdatadirectory.Finally,confirmationscreenisshownonthethirdpage.Fig.7:FilesControlusingwebpageFig.8:DisplayontheMobilePhoneSecond,displayingapatientsdataonthemobilephoneisshowninFigure8.Third,displayingmultiplegraphdataisshowninFigure8.Ameasurementitemisselectedinafirstscreen.Forexample,EEGorECGisselected.EEGisselectedthistimeandthescreenmovestothenextscreen.PolesofEEGareselectedthere.Onthirdscreen,ThreeEEGdataaredisplayedinthemobilephone.Fig.9:GraphdatadisplayFinally,anexampleofminingfilesbymobilephoneuserisshowninFigure10.Onthefirstscreen,personaldirectorysnameisshown.Adirectoryisselectedtoseeandthescreengoestonextscreen.Onthesecondscreen,measurementitemsoftheselectedpersonaldirectoryareshown.Adataissimilarlyselectedandthescreengoestonext.Onthethirdscreen,namesofgraphfilesintheitemareshown.Soafileisselectedandagraphdataisdisplayed.Fig.10:FileminingbymobilephoneuserV.DISCUSSIONSThissystemhassomeadvantages.Oneofadvantagestogenerategraphimagesontheremoteinformationserveriseasy.Howeverithassomefaults.Oneoffaultsisthatittakesalongtimetocreategraphsontheserver.Italsotakesalongtimetogetimagefileusingamobilephonebecausesizeofgraphfilesislarge.Anewmethodtosenddataisproposed.Itissendingnumericdatatoamobilephoneandgraphingitthere.Inaddition,wedonotaddinformationthatisidentifiedindividualstodataonthissystembecauseofprotectionofpatientsprivacy.Anothermethodtobrowsegraphsonthemobilephoneistogeneratethemonthemobilephoneitself.ButforarestrictionbyJavaspecificationonthemobilephone,wecannotusefloatingpointontheJavaapplication.Wewillneedsomeinnovationsofdrawinggraphsonthemobilephone.VI.CONCLUSIONANDFUTUREWORKSInthispaper,wedevelopedamodelsystemforremotepatientmonitoringusingaJava-enabledmobilephone.Wecouldmainlydevelopfourfunctionsintheremotebodymonitoringsystem.Theyaregraphingpatientsinformationintheremoteinformationserver,creatingprogramsoftheremoteinformationserver,creatingJavaapplicationforamobilephone,andconfirmingitsperformance.Inthefuture,weplantoimplementsecurenetworklayer,suchasSSL(SecureSocketLayer)tosendmedicaldataviatheInternet.WewillimproveJavaapplicationonthemobilephoneforseamlessbrowsinginformationandincreaseusefulfunctioninthesystem.中文翻译基于支持Java平台手机的远程病人监护系统的开发摘要：本文介绍了一种远程病人监护系统。该系统是通过3G手机监控在加护病房、心脏病监护病房中的多名患者的信息。一般来说，各种各样病人的信息是被手机和存储在病人的信息系统中，例如本体特征。在本文提出的系统中，病人的信息是被远程信息服务器收集，并且传送到手机上。服务器充当了医院局域网和公网之间的网关。服务器提供的信息包括图形和文本数据。医生们可以通过用自己的手机访问服务器的方式来浏览病人的信息。浏览这些信息需要特定的Java应用软件。在这项研究中，开发了服务器和Java应用程序，并确认了在典型环境下服务器和手机之间的通讯。将该系统应用于实际的病人信息系统中去是下一步的工作。1引言最近，随着信息技术的发展，计算机和网络被广泛应用于医疗领域。有许多使用计算机和网络来支持医生的活动的系统被介绍过，其中一种最熟悉和简单的技术是使用一部移动电话。整合了如个人信息管理系统、照相机和应用平台等各种功能的手机正在迅速增加。此外，3G（第三代）手机使得传输像图片、电影和应用文件等大量数据成为可能。这些手机使用在医学领域很有可能会使医疗学进入新时代。在本文中，我们开发了一款新形式的远程医疗系统。通过互联网，医生不仅可以快速获得语音信息，而且可以获得病人身体特征的视觉信息。该系统主要包括一套生物医学监视器、一台远程信息服务器和一部支持Java的3G手机。下面我们想象这样一种情况。医生去参加了会议或在其它房间或者离开可医院，总之他不在医疗室。而此时病人的条件突然变得糟糕。一般情况下，医院的医疗护士会用他或她的手机联系医生，然后护士会告诉医生病人的病情。医生可以根据医护人员的声音得到病人的一些信息。他通过电话线给他的护士一些指导。在这种情况下，医生通过他的手机得到的信息远不如在病人面前得到的。因此，我们开发了基于支持Java手机的远程病人监护系统。其结果是，在异地护理病人的医师能够得到本地的一些医疗器械测得的数据。然后，通过此系统医生得到的信息总量会比之前多得多。医生能给出准确的诊断并且给护士们一些现场建议。本研究的目的，是通过在医院中采用该系统，增加医护人员和离开医院的医生之间的可以相互得到的信息的数量。而且该系统增加了医疗服务的质量，减少医疗误差，提高医疗安全。2系统概述整个系统流程如图1所示。该系统由三个主要部分组成。第一个是一系列生物医学监视器。有些监视器是由用于监测病人生物信号的辅助监视器和用于收集辅助监视器数据的中央监视器组成。第二是一台与其他网络进行通信的服务器。它有两个功能。第一个功能是连接医院网络和互联网的网关。另一个功能是根据采集到的患者的数值数据产生病人的某些图像和管理数据。第三个是一部支持Java平台的手机。它由医生随身携带。我们可通过互联网访问该服务器，并且使用其提供的服务。那么手机可以从远程信息服务器检索病人的数据图像。在这里，我们主要研究如何在服务器和手机之间交换信息。具体的说，我们主要研究三项功能。首先是在服务器端根据病人的数据绘制图形。二是在服务器端传递数据。三是通过支持Java的手机浏览存放病人数据的服务器文件夹。图1系统流程图3系统结构我们开发了一个网络服务器作为医院的服务器。从技术上讲，网络服务器一个运行在WindowsXP操作系统上的Apache服务器。为了能动态创建HTML页面，我们使用了PHP超文本预处理器（Apache软件基金会，2004）。PHP是一种通用的脚本语言，尤其适合于网络开发。它与其它诸如Perl脚本语言比较的主要优点是它可以包含在HTML页面本身。这种优点为服务器本身产生部分HTML代码创造了机会1。从用户角度讲，一台网络服务器提供了到服务系统接口服务。该服务器可通过HTML网页的方式访问，并且管理数据。我们假定当医生不在现场时，医护人员管理一些病人的治疗数据。该服务系统支持两种功能。首先，它能够随时根据病人的数值数据生成图像并且将图像数据保存到文件夹中。图像的格式为GIF。我们使用PHPlot绘制图形。PHPlot是用于在本地PHP页面产生图表和和图形的PHP绘图类2。这里使用PHP创建漂亮的警报小图标。图2所示是一个绘图的例子。图2绘图例子第二，它可以选择服务器上的文件并且把文件从一个文件夹传送到发送数据的文件夹。当我们使用支持Java平台的手机访问服务器时，可以浏览发送数据文件夹。在服务器端，目录的结构分为病人的目录和发送数据目录。病人目录是用来保存从监视器采集的病人数据。个人目录存储在病人的目录和发送数据目录。数据文件存储在个人目录。数据文件有一些图形数据。整个服务器系统如图3所示。图4是目录的结构。图3服务系统结构图4目录结构本文中使用的3G手机是NTTDoCoMos手机。它支持Java。基于Java的服务是由NTTDoCoMos手机提供，即所谓的iAppli服务。该服务描述了支持Java手机的结构。它支持Sun公司的Java2平台微型版（J2ME）。它为创建消费者使用的网络产品和应用提供了一个综合应用开发平台。它的目标是如手机类的具有有限硬件和网络资源的设备。此外，有限的连接设备配置（CLDC）和K虚拟机（KVM）支持J2ME。KVM是J2ME技术的核心。它是为小内存的设备设计的Java虚拟机。此外，NTTDoCoMos手机提供了名为i-Mode的互联网服务。本文介绍了两个运行在手机上的Java程序。我们在研究中使用的手机是FOMA（自由移动多媒体接入）。FOMA是由NTTDoCoMos公司提供的3G服务品牌。其规格如表1所示。暂存器的大小提供了一个用于我们保存数据的内存大小。表13G手机规格（FOMA）应用区大小100KB暂存器大小400KB通讯协议HTTP通讯类型Client/Serverm