高考英语复习 主谓一致课件 (ppt).ppt

canyoumatchtherightpictures 1 2 3 4 a b c d theboy diving they diving bothjackandtim diving allofthem diving neitherjacknortim walking is are are is are 英语句子概论 nounadj adv infinitivev ingv edetc 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 vt v l vi noun pronounthe adjv ing clauseinfinitive noun pronoun the adjv ing clause infinitive 英语句子基本成分示意图 be feel seem lookappear standbecome get grow turngo come remain keeptaste smelletc nounpronounadj adv infinitivev ing v edclauseetc 主语 不及物动词shecame myheadaches 主语 及物动词 宾语shelikesenglish 主语 系动词 主语补语 表语 sheishappy 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语shegavejohnabook sheboughtabookforhim 主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语shemakeshermotherangry theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage there bethereisabookonthedesk 简单句基本句型实例 简单句的基本词序 主语动词部分宾语状语 谓语 方式地点时间iboughtahatyesterday thechildrenranhome weateourmealinsilence thecarstoppedsuddenly 句子成分是指构成句子的各个组成部分 即词和词组在句子中的各种语法意义 句子成分主要有主语 谓语 表语 宾语 定语 状语 另外 一些句子还有一些其他的成分 如同位语 呼语 插入语等 1 imetmybestfriendtomatthestationyesterday 主语 谓语 定语 宾语 同位语 状语 nounadj adv infinitivev ingv edetc 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 vt v l vi noun pronounthe adjv ing clauseinfinitive noun pronoun the adjv ing clause infinitive 英语句子基本成分示意图 be feel seem lookappear standbecome get grow turngo come remain keeptaste smelletc nounpronounadj adv infinitivev ing v edclauseetc 句子成分 一 主语 主语是指句子谈论的主题 也就是句中动作 行为 性质和状态的主体 主语可以用下面这些东西表示 1 名词 2 代词 3 数词 4 动名词 5 不定式 6 词组或复合结构 7 从句 8 名词化的其他词类 句子成分 whoisspeaking please toactlikethatischildren twowillbeenough beijingisabeautifulcity dancingisfun whathesaidwaswrong 名 代 数 不定式 动名词 从句 句子成分 二 谓语 谓语说明主语的动作 行为或所处的状态 通常由动词的各种形式来充当 并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致 谓语有广义与狭义之分 广义的谓语指主语以外包括动词在内的部分 狭义的谓语仅仅指动词 这里我们讨论的是广义上的谓语 句子成分 1 一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词短语来充当shegothereatsix 2 有些谓语是由 系动词 表语 构成的thegirlfeltcold heisateacher 句子成分 一 主语 主语是指句子谈论的主题 也就是句中动作 行为 性质和状态的主体 主语可以用下面这些东西表示 1 名词 2 代词 3 数词 4 动名词 5 不定式 6 词组或复合结构 7 从句 8 名词化的其他词类 句子成分 whoisspeaking please toactlikethatischildren twowillbeenough beijingisabeautifulcity dancingisfun 名 代 数 不定式 动名词 句子成分 二 谓语 谓语说明主语的动作 行为或所处的状态 通常由动词的各种形式来充当 并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致 subject verbagreement canyoumatchtherightpictures 1 2 3 4 a b c d subject verbagreement 主谓一致原则 subject verbagreement summarizetherulesofsubject verbagreement 主谓一致是指句子的 与 在 和 上必须保持一致主谓一致的三个原则 1 语法一致2 意义一致3 就近原则 谓语动词 主语 人称 数 一 语法一致的原则是指主语为单数或复数时 其谓语动词要与其相呼应 二 意义一致的原则指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念 而不取决于表面的语法标志 主要表现为某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数 如果这些集体名词指整体概念时 谓语动词用单数 指具体成员时用复数 三 就近原则是指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语 而无须考虑其他的词 mary s mary adog has tom s maryandtom adog have 谓语的动词要与主语的人称和数一致 语法一致 ayoungmanandagirlwanttogothere thesingerandthewriterarefamoustomanyyoungpeople bothjackandtim diving are 语法一致 由and连接的两个单数名词做主语时 谓动一般用复数 asingeranddancer thesingeranddancer onthestage is 语法一致 thegiftisusedtohavewesternmeals whatisit aknifeandfork aknifeandforkisusedtohavemeals 语法一致 主谓一致 语法一致 由and连接的并列主语 如果主语是同一个人 同一事 同一概念时 谓语动词用单数 否则用复数这时后面的名词没有冠词 are has 内容一致 意义一致 主谓一致 2 用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体 如 breadandbutter knifeandfork等作主语时 由两个部件配成的物品 谓语动词用单数 如 eachmanandwoman thesamerights a hasb havec hadd ishaving 由each every no manya 许多 所修饰的名词 即使用and连接作主语 谓语动词一般用单数 manyaman thestory has believes thegroup madeupofninestudents thegroup dancinghappily is are theteam somegoodplayers have theteam handsome be has are groupdiscussion canyoufindoutthegrammarrules collectivenounscanhaveasingularorpluralverb ifthenounreferstoawholeunit theverbissingular ifitreferstothedifferentmembersofaunit theverbisplural group family class government team public enemy crowd company audience club party police army band minority 少数 andsoon collectivenouns 集体名词 由集体名词 如group family class government team public enemy crowd company audience club party crew等作主语时 如果看成一个整体 强调整体 谓语动词用单数形式 如果看成其中各成员 强调个体 则用复数形式 注意 集体名词为people police cattle 谓语动词用复数形式e g thepolicearesearchingforthethief 1 集体名词做主语时的主谓一致 choosethecorrectverbformtocompletethefollowingsentences 1 theresearchgroup is are madeupoffivepeople 2 what do does thegroupwantfortheirlunch 3 ourfamily is are notpooranymore 4 hehastoworry hisfamily is are waitingforhim 5 theclass is are morethanfortyinnumber is do is are is 6 theclass have has disagreedamongthemselvesaboutwheretheyshouldgoandhaveapicnic 7 thegovernment has have spentmorethantwomillionyuaninplantingtrees 8 thecitygovernment has have differentopinionsaboutnextyear splan have has have neitherdog big a isb are neitherofthem big a isb are a neitheroftherabbits handsome a isb are a b neitherrabbit handsome a isb are a a b 二 代词作主语 两者都不 neitherofnoneof n u n c neither n singl v singl plural howtousenoneandneither v singl v singl 代词none和neither有时用作单数看待 有时作复数看待 主要根据说话人的意思决定 但是代表不可数名词时 只看作单数 neither作形容词时与单数名词连用 谓语动词用单数 语法一致 none做主语时 谓语动词可用单数 也可用复数 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数 因而谓语动词要用单数 如 3 neitherofus was were readywhenthepartybegan 4 noneofthem has have watchedthetalkshow have has was were 1 noneofthesepeople doctors a hasb isc ared was2 neitherofthem agoodsinger a areb isc wered isusedtobe c b everybody 当这些词做主语时 谓语动词用单数 在句中我们可以用they来代替它们 有时我们可以用he she来代替 anybody everyone nobody somebody everything anything nothing something indefinitepronouns noone nobody each theother nothing difficultintheworldifyousetyourmindtoit 2 nobodythought wouldhavetopayfor ownticket s they he she their his her is bob bob aworker is mike mikeandbob workers are bothmikeandbob workers are neithermikenorbob ateacher is bill neitherofthem know howtoteachenglish knows know noneofthem know howtoteachenglish knows know 三 用作主语的两个名词或代词由or either or neither nor both and或notonly butalso连接 peter henry eitherpeterorhenry goingtowin is henry aorbnotabutbeitheraorbneitheranorbnotonlyabutalsob verb herethere verb aandb a bandc 就近原则 当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or either or neither nor 或notonly butalso连接时 谓语通常与临近的名词或代词保持一致 由there或here引导的句子 主语不止一个名词时 谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致 notonlyyoubutalsohe wrong is are neitheryounorhe right is are there twoshopsandacinemabesidetherailwaystation is are here amapandahandbookforyou is are is is are is mr black aswellastwowomen attheoffice is mr black with togetherwith 和 一起 alongwith 同 一道 aswellas 既 又 asmuchas 和 一样多 nolessthan 和 一样 多达ratherthan 宁愿 but except besides including like inadditionto 另外 四 主语 介词 短语 当主语后面接说明主语的修饰语 如aswellas asmuchas nolessthan alongwith with like ratherthan togetherwith but except besides including等时 其谓语动词的单 复数不受修饰成分的影响 仍保持同主语一致的关系 由主语的单 复数而定 主谓一致 语法一致 1 theteacherwithtwostudents atthemeeting was were 2 e mail aswellasthetelephones animportantpartindailycommunication a isplayingb haveplayedc areplayingd play was a 主谓一致 语法一致 五 分词 量词作主语由分数或百分数或alotof lotsof plentyof halfof therestof someof mostof allof a partof 名词或代词作主语时 要根据这个名词或代词来确定其谓动的单复数形式 如 e g tomisoneofthestudentswho goodatplayingfootball tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho goodatplayingfootball are is 注意 在 oneof 复数名词 关系代词 的结构中 定语从句中谓语动词用复数形式 但是若前有theonly 将其限定为只有一个时 谓语动词用单数形式 六 名词化的形容词作主语e g thericharetohelpthepoor thewoundedwasayoungboy 以定冠词the adj 或过去分词 结构作主语 谓语动词常用复数形式 如thebrave thepoor theblind thesick theold等 但有少数过去分词与定冠词连用时指个体 用单数形式 主谓一致 语法一致 七 当主语由不定式 动名词或疑问词引导的句子充当时 谓语动词用单数 1 toholdtheolympicgames arichprizeforacountry be 2 choosingwhattoeat nolongeraseasyasitoncewas is is whatweneed moretimeandmorematerials whatweneed teachers 由what who why how whether等引导的主语从句 谓语动词通常用单数 但所指的具体内容为复数意义 则可以用复数形式 3 is are 内容一致 意义一致 主谓一致 1 表示时间 金钱 距离 度量等的名词作主语 尽管是复数形式 它们作为一个单一的概念时 其谓语动词用单数形式 如 表示时间 金钱 距离 重量等复数名词 在表示单位数量用作主语时 通常被看作整体 谓语动词用单数 is amilliondollars is are reallyalotofmoney sixtyyearsalongtime threethousandmilesalongdistance fiftykilogrammesnottooheavytobecarried is is is 主谓一致 语法一致 2 名词如 trousers scissors clothes goods glasses等作主语时 谓语动词必须用复数 但这类表示成双的东西的名词前有apairof修饰时 谓语用单数 如 thereisapairofshoesinthebox 主谓一致 语法一致 3 形复意单名词如 news 以ics结尾的学科名称如 physics mathematics 国名如 theunitedstates 报纸名如 thenewtimes 书名如 arabiannights等作主语 谓语动词要用单数 如 1 oneortwodays enoughtoseethecity a isb arec amd be2 neithermywifenori abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind a isb arec amd be exercises 3 notonlyibutalsojaneandmary tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother a isb arec amd be4 nottheteacher butthestudents lookingforwardtoseeingthefilm a isb arec amd be 5 nobodybutbettyandmary lateforclassyesterday a wasb werec hasbeend havebeen6 awomanwithsomechildren soon a iscomingb arecomingc hascomed havecome 7 nooneexceptmyparents anythingaboutthis a knowb knowsc isknownd areknown8 theteacheraswellasthestudents thebookalready a hasreadb havereadc arereadingd isreading9 allbutone intheaccident a waskilledb werekilledc willbekilledd arekilled 10 whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory yet a hasnotbeendecidedb arenotdecidedc hasnotdecidedd havenotdecided 11 thenumberofpeopleinvited fifty butanumberofthem absentfordifferentreasons a were wasb was wasc was wered were were12 ofthelandinthatdistrict coveredwithtreesandgrass a twofifth isb twofifth arec twofifths isd twofifths are 13 theresultsoftheexamination thatyouhaveallmadegreat a show progressb shows progressc show progressesd shows progresses14 here anewpairofshoesforyou a isb arec haved has 主谓一致记忆口诀 单单复复最常见 集体名词谓用单 如若强调其成员 复数谓语记心间 有些名词谓常复 people police cattle即这般主语单数后接介 谓语单数介无关 manya作主语也如此 谓语动词应用单or nor butalso therebe 近主原则挂嘴边 thenecklacethestoryhappenedinparis oneday pierretogetherwithhiswife mathilde invitedtoaballatthepalace bothofthem verygladtoaccepttheinvitation notonlyanewdressbutalsosomejewellery needed butthefamily notarichone theyonlycouldoffertobuyadress soadiamondnecklace borrowedfrommathilde sfriendjeanne butneitherofthem toldthatthenecklace notareal fillintheblankswiththeproperverbs was were was was was was was diamondone theywenttotheball andthey bothhappy ontheirwayhome mathildefoundthenecklace nomorearoundherneck theylookedeverywhereforit buttheycouldn tfindit