TD-SCDMA-基站底层驱动软件开发测试-需求分析-子系统-性能优化及验证工作.doc

An object-oriented high-level design-based class cohesion metricClass cohesion is an important object-oriented software quality attribute. Assessing class cohesion during the object-oriented design phase is one important way to obtain more comprehensible and maintainable software. In practice, assessing and controlling cohesion in large systems implies measuring it automatically. One issue with the few existing cohesion metrics targeted at the high-level design phase is that they are not based on realistic assumptions and do not fulfill expected mathematical properties.An experimental study on the effect of mobile phone conversation on drivers reaction time in braking responseThis paper presents an experimental study in which the effect of three factors (distance between cars, mobile call duration, and time of driving (day or night) on drivers reaction time in braking response was investigated. MethodsThe experiment was performed in a real driving environment in which 27 male adults between the ages of 22 and 24years participated. Three levels of the first two factors (i.e., distance between cars and call duration) and two levels of the last factor (i.e., time of driving) were selected to conduct the experimental study. A full factorial design of experiment with 18 treatment combinations and three replicates of each combination were used. Fifty-four trial runs were performed in a random manner and for each run drivers reaction time in braking response was measured, which served the data for further analysis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), interaction effect analysis, and various model adequacy tests were carried out using Design Expert software. ResultsThe results of the study indicated that the most important factor affecting the drivers reaction time in car braking response was the mobile call duration followed by the time of driving, with a high level of interaction between the two factors. It was also found that the distance between cars did not seem to have a significant effect on the reaction time in braking response. It is to be noted that these response times are expected to be higher under normal driving conditions where awareness of experimental environment is not present. Impact on IndustryThe findings of this study would help mobile phone industries in improving safety of mobile phone users in driving environment.Towards automation of control software: A review of challenges in mechatronic designDevelopment of mechatronic systems requires collaboration among experts from different design domains. In this paper the authors identify a set of challenges related to the design of mechatronic systems. The challenges are mostly related to integration of design and analysis tools, and automation of current design practices. Addressing these challenges enables the adoption of a concurrent development approach in which the synergetic effects that characterize mechatronic systems are taken into account during design. The main argument is that in order to deal with software development problems for complex mechatronic systems, there is a need to look at system design practices beyond concurrency, i.e., there is a need to consider the complex interdependencies among subsystems and the designers that develop them. A review on current methods and tools is carried out to identify possible solutions proposed in previous works. The purpose is not to make an extensive review, but to show that integration, from different points of view, is a major issue and that increasing the level of abstraction in the description of systems can help to overcome the integration challenges. An increased level of abstraction also forms a basis for addressing other issues in mechatronic product development, which are presented in this work. With that in mind, concepts for an integration framework are proposed. The goal of the framework is to support a multi-disciplinary design team to (almost) automatically generate and verify control software. Based on high-level architectural descriptions, the software generation and verification process can be supported by knowledge-based methods and tools. Other goals are to support communication among engineers, improve reliability of designs, increase reuse of design knowledge, and reduce development time and development costs.自动化控制软件英语自学读物：机械电子学设计工程的挑战（文献与历史研究回顾）Handling communications in process algebraic architectural description languages: Modeling, verification, and implementationArchitectural description languages are a useful tool for modeling complex software systems at a high level of abstraction. If based on formal methods, they can also serve for enabling the early verification of various properties such as component coordination and for guiding the synthesis of code correct by construction. This is the case with process algebraic architectural description languages, which are process calculi enhanced with the main architectural concepts. However, the techniques with which those languages have been equipped are mainly conceived to work with synchronous communications only. The objective of this paper is threefold. On the modeling side, we show how to enhance the expressiveness of a typical process algebraic architectural description language by including the capability of representing nonsynchronous communications in such a way that the usability of the original language is preserved. On the verification side, we show how to modify techniques for analyzing the absence of coordination mismatches like the compatibility check for acyclic topologies and the interoperability check for cyclic topologies in such a way that those checks are valid also for nonsynchronous communications. On the implementation side, we show how to generate multithreaded object-oriented software in the presence of synchronous and nonsynchronous communications in such a way that the properties proved at the architectural level are preserved at the code level.Software performance simulation strategies for high-level embedded system designAs most embedded applications are realized in software, software performance estimation is a very important issue in embedded system design. In the last decades, instruction set simulators (ISSs) have become an essential part of an embedded software design process. However, ISSs are either slow or very difficult to develop. With the advent of multiprocessor systems and their ever-increasing complexity, the software simulation strategy based on ISSs is no longer efficient enough for exploring the large design space of multiprocessor systems in early design phases. Motivated by the limitations of ISSs, a lot of recent research activities focused on software simulation strategies based on native execution. In this article, we first introduce some existing software performance simulation strategies as well as our own approach for source level simulation, called SciSim, and provide a discussion about their benefits and limitations. The main contribution of this article is to introduce a new software performance simulation approach, called iSciSim (intermediate Source code instrumentation based Simulation), which achieves high estimation accuracy, high simulation speed and low implementation complexity. All these advantages make iSciSim well-suited for system level design. To show the benefits of the proposed approach, we present a quantitative comparison between iSciSim and the other discussed techniques, using a set of benchmarks.高层次嵌入式系统软件的效能评估策略Use of a pasture growth model to estimate herbage mass at a paddock scale and assist management on dairy farmsA climate-driven pasture model is used to predict herbage mass on dairy farms. Four model parameters are fitted to the observed data for each paddock (learning). Climate data from the Virtual Climate Station Network are used to drive the model. Preliminary testing on two commercial dairy farms of New Zealand was satisfactory. The model estimated herbage mass with an R2 of 80% and small bias.The application of GPS precise point positioning technology in aerial triangulationGPS的点定位技术精度提高方法的应用与实施In traditional GPS-supported aerotriangulation, differential GPS (DGPS) positioning technology is used to determine the 3-dimensional coordinates of the perspective centers at exposure time with an accuracy of centimeter to decimeter level. This method can significantly reduce the number of ground control points (GCPs). However, the establishment of GPS reference stations for DGPS positioning is not only labor-intensive and costly, but also increases the implementation difficulty of aerial photography. This paper proposes aerial triangulation supported with GPS precise point positioning (PPP) as a way to avoid the use of the GPS reference stations and simplify the work of aerial photography. Firstly, we present the algorithm for GPS PPP in aerial triangulation applications. Secondly, the error law of the coordinate of perspective centers determined using GPS PPP is analyzed. Thirdly, based on GPS PPP and aerial triangulation software self-developed by the authors, four sets of actual aerial images taken from surveying and mapping projects, different in both terrain and photographic scale, are given as experimental models. The four sets of actual data were taken over a flat region at a scale of 1:2500, a mountainous region at a scale of 1:3000, a high mountainous region at a scale of 1:32000 and an upland region at a scale of 1:60000 respectively. In these experiments, the GPS PPP results were compared with results obtained through DGPS positioning and traditional bundle block adjustment. In this way, the empirical positioning accuracy of GPS PPP in aerial triangulation can be estimated. Finally, the results of bundle block adjustment with airborne GPS controls from GPS PPP are analyzed in detail. The empirical results show that GPS PPP applied in aerial triangulation has a systematic error of half-meter level and a stochastic error within a few decimeters. However, if a suitable adjustment solution is adopted, the systematic error can be eliminated in GPS-supported bundle block adjustment. When four full GCPs are emplaced in the corners of the adjustment block, then the systematic error is compensated using a set of independent unknown parameters for each strip, the final result of the bundle block adjustment with airborne GPS controls from PPP is the same as that of bundle block adjustment with airborne GPS controls from DGPS. Although the accuracy of the former is a little lower than that of traditional bundle block adjustment with dense GCPs, it can still satisfy the accuracy requirement of photogrammetric point determination for topographic mapping at many scales.A methodology for evaluating test coverage criteria of high levelPetri netsHigh level Petri nets have been extensively used for modeling concurrent systems; however, their strong expressive power reduces their ability to be easily analyzed. Currently there are few effective formal analysis techniques to support the validation of high level Petri nets. The executable nature of high level Petri nets means that during validation they can be analyzed using test criteria defined on the net model. Recently, theoretical test adequacy coverage criteria for concurrent systems using high level Petri nets have been proposed. However, determining the applicability of these test adequacy criteria has not yet been undertaken. In this paper, we present an approach for evaluating the proposed test adequacy criteria for high level Petri nets through experimentation. In our experiments we use the simulation functionality of the model checker SPIN to analyze various test coverage criteria on high level Petri nets.Linearity optimizing on HBT power amplifier designUsing the DEMO methodology for modeling open source software development processes采用DEMO方法技术的开放源软件建模与开发方法Open source software development (OSSD) process modeling has received increasing interest in recent years. These efforts aim to identify common elements in the development process between multiple open source software (OSS) projects. However, the complexity inherent to OSSD process modeling puts significant demands on the modeling language. ObjectiveIn this paper, we propose that the Design and Engineering Methodology for Organizations (DEMO) may provide an interesting alternative to develop OSSD process models. DEMO exhibits two unique features within the context of OSSD process modeling. First, DEMO analyzes processes at the ontological level and provides high-level process descriptions, instead of focusing on the implementation level. Second, DEMO studies the communication patterns between human actors, instead of the sequences in which activities are performed. MethodWe investigate the feasibility of using DEMO to construct OSSD process models by means of a case study. DEMO models were constructed to describe the NetBeans Requirements and Release process. In addition, the quality of these DEMO models was evaluated using a quality framework for conceptual modeling. ResultsOur results showed that our DEMO models exhibited a high level of abstraction, thereby reducing the complexity of the OSSD process models. In addition, the evaluation of the models developed in this paper by using the quality framework for conceptual modeling showed that the models were of high quality. ConclusionsWe have shown that the DEMO methodology can be successfully used to model OSSD processes and to obtain abstract and high-quality OSSD process models. However, given some potential drawbacks with respect to understandability and implementability, we primarily propose the use of DEMO within OSSD process modeling as an analysis tool that should be complemented with other techniques and models for communication and reenactment purposes.High-credibility RFID-based animal data recording system suitable for small-holding rural dairy farmersIn order to remain globally competitive and to ensure traceability, intensive and extensive livestock operations are adopting radio-frequency-based electronic identification (RFID) and data recording systems. Such integrated systems offer dual advantages of lowered labor costs due to automation and enhanced profits due to optimization of animal productivity, health and welfare. However, RFID-based systems might not be economically viable for small-hold livestock farmers unless there is considerable value advantage. Further, the set up and operation of a data recording system for small-hold farmers is also difficult due to size-constraints and distant farm units. We have developed an integrated system for small-hold dairy farmers to enable employing of RFID technology to ensure credibility of data recording, and avoidance of livestock insurance-related claim malpractices. The system can additionally be used to periodically collect performance records and to operate veterinary service delivery. The integrated system comprises of: (a) an RFID tag or insert; (b) an RFID reader; (c) a PDA/mini-laptop with custom software installed; (d) a USB modem internet connection; and (e) a central data server on web platform with dedicated server-level software. The unique feature of the system is that the veterinary health worker (VHW) is able to register and enter new records only when the RFID reader connected to a mini-laptop is within reading range of the associated RFID tag. This also authenticates the visit by the VHW. Other data management operations such as browsing, sorting, data analysis and report generation can be carried out when the VHW is away from the RFID field. We have deployed and validated the system in a cluster of 5000 dairy animals spread over more than 10 villages with an average of two to three animals per farmer in Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu, India. The system is user-friendly and easy to operate in that the animals insurance registration and issuance of policy documents can be done in a single farm visit. The system can also be used for collecting periodic animal records and sending SMS alerts to the farmers. Initial economic analysis suggests that the investment cost would be recovered even if fraudulent claims in around 0.5% of the insured animals can be prevented. The sustenance cost can be recovered from the improvised health and production management service delivery to the farmers. It is however emphasized that the system can only be implemented in organized dairy operations wherein the milk processing company can establish functional collaboration with veterinary service providers, insurance company micro-finance companies and this consortium can bear the cost of RFID in exchange for long term multilateral benefits to all the stakeholders.RFID（射频识别）系统在农业和农民生产生活中的应用Run-time self-reconfigurable 2D convolver for adaptive image processingTwo-dimensional (2D) convolution is a basic operation in digital signal processing, especially in image and video applications. Although its computation is conceptually simple, a sum of products of constants by variables, its implementation is highly demanding in terms of computational power, especially when addressed to real-time embedded systems. This work brings an innovative approach oriented to dynamically reconfigurable hardware. A flexible 2D convolver is deployed on a SRAM-based FPGA split in two parts: a static region and a partially reconfigurable region (PRR). Just to provide a universal solution, all the configurable aspects of the convolver (kernel dimensions, operands resolution, constant coefficients, pipeline stages, etc.) fit allocated in the PRR. In this way, the computer can self-adapt its structure on the fly, according to the characteristics of the image to be processed each time. Although there are many research articles in the literature encompas