动词时态和语态

动词的时态和语态一、动词的5种基本形式及其变化规则原形一般现在时第三人称单数现在分词过去式过去分词play1) 1) 1) 1) decide2) 2) 2) study 2)3) 3) refer3)4)4)watch3) go4) 5)5)make6)6)become7)7）beat8)8)put 9)9)注意：1、现在分词、过去分词不单独做谓语 2、be（原形）- am / is / are（一般现在时）- being（现在分词）- was / were （一般过去式）- been（过去分词）二、时态的构成及其意义 时态名称构成(以write为例)主要用法一般现在时经常性或习惯性动作，客观事实，现在的状态一般过去时在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态一般将来时现在看来将来某一刻要发生的动作或存在的状态过去将来时在过去某一刻看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作过去进行时表示在过去某一时间内正在进行的动作现在完成时表示说话之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在依然存在；也可表示持续到现在动作或状态过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或某个动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”；表示从过去某时开始一直延续到另一个过去时间的动作或状态现在完成进行时have/has been + writing表示一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去的动作将来进行时will be + writing表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作三、含情态动词的谓语结构1. You must ( dial ) the wrong number. There is no such a person.2. She cant ( read ) about the explosion. She didnt know anything about it.3. He might ( sleep ) next door. Lets not disturb him.4. They are so tired now. They must (work) all day.四、谓语动词各时态的助动词及其作用：1、时态 2、否定 3、疑问一般现在时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时 注意：谓语动词的否定必须在其相应时态的助动词、情态动词或be动词后加not构成实践：把下面各句中write的相关谓语改为否定 1. Usually I write novels in the morning. 2. Usually he writes novels in the morning.3. I wrote a novel last year.4. I can write a novel.5. I was good at maths when I was in junior school.五、改错1. He go to school from Monday to Saturday, but he not have classes on Sunday.2. Ice felt cold.3. They not drank wine, but now they do.4. Lets go out now. It isnt rain any more.5. I went to work on foot yesterday, though it rained cats and dogs.6. He have been in the army for five years.7. I wanted to know when you will finish your work.8. They knowed each other for three years before they got married.9. He cant makes progress if he doesnt work hard.10.You may told him the truth for he didnt doubt it.六、时态的使用原则1. I (meet) him in the street yesterday.2. Recently I (make) a survey on the importance of friendship among 100 students. 3. They (build) a power station last winter, but I dont know whether they have finished it 4. If it (not rain), well go on a picnic as planned.5. It will be about half a year before I (graduate) from middle school.6. The train (leave) London at six and (arrive) at Birmingham at eight.7. We will have a party this evening. I hope he can come. - But he (have) an English class this evening, as the timetable suggests.8. I (leave) for Hainan next week. 9. I only know he (study) in a western country, but I dont know which country.10. I only knew he (study) in a western country, but I didnt know which country.11. The sun was setting when my car (break) down near a remote village.12. It has been 20 years since I (become) a teacher. 13. It had been 20 years since I (become) a teacher.14. It is the first time that I (visit) Beijing.15. That was the first time that he (punish) his child.16. Hardly had he left home when it (rain).七、谓语动词的语态：1 . The water will be further polluted unless some measures (take).2 . Many houses (destroy) in the war.3 . I promise that the matter (take) good care of. 4 . He said that the trees (plant) soon.5 . I have to go to work by taxi because my car (repair) at the garage.6 . He told me that the new tool (make), but not yet finished.7 . All the performances for the task (complete), and were ready to start.8 .The police found that the house (break) into. 9 . The problem must (solve) as soon as possible.10. I have lost one of my gloves. It might (drop) somewhere.八、语篇综合应用：（一）Plans 1) (make) every new school year. Although a lot of work 2) (do) in the past few years, but more work must 3) (do) this year. As you see, a new biology lab 4) (build), but we dont have enough money for the equipment. So students in all grades are collecting money, which 5) (spend) on new equipment. At present, preparations 6) (make) for the coming sports meeting.We 1) ( travel ) in Guangzhou on June 15, 2010 when a heavy rain 2) (strike) Guangdong, which 3) ( flood ) many areas. It 4) ( say ) that many houses and roads 5) (destroy) with a loss of 4 million yuan. Disasters like this almost 6) ( happen ) every year, and