英语人教版八年级下册Unit4人教版.doc

八年级英语（上） Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?一 短语及句型。1.go on vacation 去度假 / be on vacation 在度假2.stay at home 呆在家里 3.go to/climb the mountains 去爬山4.go to the beach 去海滩 5.visit museums 参观博物馆/visit my uncle 探望我叔叔6.go to summer camp 去参加夏令营 7.few很少，几乎没有（表否定，接可数名词复数）a few有几个，有一些（表肯定，接可数名词复数,相当于some）quite a few相当多，不少（表肯定，接可数名词复数,相当于many）little很少，几乎没有（表否定，接不可数名词）a little有一点儿（表肯定，接不可数名词,相当于some）quite a little相当多，许多（表肯定，接不可数名词,相当于much） The river is very dirty, so _ people swim in it.Some students are flying kites , _ students are playing basketball. Huangguoshu Waterfall was wonderful! We took _ photos there. There is _ bread at home. I will buy some tomorrow. There is _ milk in the bottle. You can drink it.There is _ water. Its enough for us to drink.8.好久不见。_ _ _ _.9.somewhere interesting 有趣的地方 Did you go _ _(有趣的地方)?10. something special 特别的事情 Did you do _ _ last month（特别的事情）? 11. most adj.&pron. 最多，大多数 作adj.时 most+ n. 如 most students 作pron. 时most of the+n.或 most of +宾格代词 如 most of the students/ time ; most of us “most of .” “.中的大多数”，作主语时，谓语的数取决于其后的名词或代词。 Eg: Most of us _ going to the park. Most of the food _ (go) bad 12. How did you like it? (同义句)_ did you _ _ it?_ did you _ _ it? 13.nothing much to do没什么事可做nothing.but “除之外，没有”，but后接名词或动词原形 I_ _ _ _ _ _ _(除了看电视无事可做). There was _ _ _ _(无事可做) in the evening _ _(除了读书). 14. seem v. 好像，似乎，看来 1)seem+(to be)+adj. 看起来 He seems (to be) happy today. (同义句) 2)seem+to do sth. 似乎，好像做某事 No one seemed to be bored. (同义句) 3)It seems/seemed that.看起来好像；似乎 _. /_. 4)seem like+n.好像，似乎 It seems like a good idea.15. keep a diary 记日记 She _ _ _ every day.16. arrive in(+大地方)/at(+小地方) “到达”（接地点副词时省介词）同义词：get to ； reach I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. () I _ _ Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. I_ Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family.17. decide (not )to do sth.决定(不 )干某事 decide +疑问词+to do sth.(可与宾从互换) We _ _ _ _(决定去) the beach near our hotel. We cant _ _ _ _(决定去哪里). (同义句) We cant _ _ _ _ _.18.try v.&n. 尝试；试图，设法；努力+n./doing sth./to do sth. try sth. 尝试某事 She is trying her new bike now. try doing sth. 尝试干某事 Why not _ _(试骑) a bike to school? try to do sth. 试图、尽力干某事 He _ _ _ (尽力学)English well last year. try ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力干某事 She will _ _ _ _ _ (尽最大努力学)English well. have a try 试一试 Just try! = Just _ _ _!19.enjoy v.喜欢(enjoy doing sth. ; enjoy oneself) enjoyable adj.愉悦的，快乐的 I had _ _ (一个快乐的)summer vacation.20.feel like 1）给的感觉；感受到（常接从句）2）想要（接名词、代词或动名词） 可与would like转换 I _ _(感觉) I was a bird. It was so exciting! Would you like to play basketball with us?(同义句) _ you _ _ _ basketball with us?21.wonder vt. 想知道；琢磨 其后常接what,who,why等疑问词引导的宾从（用陈述句语序） Mr. Green _ _ _ _ _ (想知道她为什么迟到). I wonder _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _(这儿过去生活是什么样).22.start doing sth.=start to do sth. 开始做某事 But then it _ _ a little so we decided to take the train.23.wait for sb./sth. 等待某人/物 We _ _ _ _ _(等了一个多小时) the train because there were too many people.24.because of “由于，因为”，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子，但能与 because连接的从句转换。 Because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.(同义句) We couldnt see anything below _ _ _ _ _.25.enough adj.足够的，充分的 adv. 足够地，充分地 1）修饰名称时可置于名词前或后。 2）修饰形容词或副词时后置。 3）adj./adv. +enough to do sth.干足够 ；可与so.that.或too.to.转换 My father didnt bring _ _(足够的钱),so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish. He runs _ _(够快). He isnt old enough to go to school.(同义句) He is _ young _ he _ go to school. He is _ young _ go to school.26.so(+a./ad.).that.“如此以至”，引导结果状从 so that.“以便，为了”，引导目的状从 My legs were _ _ _(如此累，以至)I wanted to stop. She studies hard every day _ _ she can pass the exams.27.find 找到，发现 find out发现，弄清楚 My pen was lost and I couldnt _ it. Please _ _ who broke the window.28.keep doing sth.继续做某事，一直做某事 I _ _ _ (一直等)you on the square last Sunday afternoon.29.jump up and down in excitement 兴奋地跳起来；欢呼雀跃 They _ _ _ _ _ _(兴奋地跳起来) when the children heard the news.2 语法 复合不定代词的用法 复合不定代词不指明代替任何人或物，相当于名词或形容词，在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语，但不能作定语。1. someone,somebody,something一般用于肯定句中，anyone,anybody,anything一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。 There is _(anyone) outside the door. I dont have _(something) to say today.2.复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式等修饰时，形容词和不定式要后置。 I have _ _(重要的事情) to tell you. Is there _ _(重要的事情) in todays newspaper? You are thirsty. Do you want _ _ _(喝点什么)?3.复合不定代词表示单数概念，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Everything _(begin) to grow in spring. Someone _ _ (wait) for you at the door.4.在表示请求、建议、反问等的疑问句中，希望得到肯定答复时，常用含some的不定代词something,someone,somebody等。 Would you like _ (something) to drink?5.anyone,anything也可用在肯定句中，表示“任何人，任何事”。 Anyone can do this. I can do anything for you.Unit2 How often do you exercise?一短语及句型1.help with housework 帮忙（做）家务 (help sb. with sth.=help sb.(to) do sth.)2.hardly adv.“几乎不” ; hard adj.&adv.“难的；努力地” He _(几乎不) studies. Its _(困难的) work. She studies _(努力).3. on weekends“在周末”（泛指每个周末); on the weekend“在周末”（特指某个周末） -What do you do _? - I usually watch TV.4.sometimes有时, some times几次，几倍, sometime某时, some time一段时间 I _ get up very late. (how often) I have read this book _ _. (how many times) Shell go to Wuhan _ next week. (when) Hell stay here for _ _. (how long)5.once一次，twice两次，three times三次 每周一次_每月两次_ 每年一或两次_每天两或三次_6.how often多久一次(提问动作发生频率) how long多久，多长(询问时间，物体长度) how far多远(询问距离，表路程的远近) how soon过多久(询问时间) He watches TV twice a week.(划线提问) _ _ _ he _ TV? She stayed there for three days.(划线提问) _ _ _ she _ there? Its 10 minutes by bus from here to school.(划线提问) _ _ _ _ from here to school? My mother will come back in two days.(划线提问) _ _ _ _ mother come back?7.use the Internet 用因特网 surf the Internet 网上冲浪 go online 上网on the Internet 在网上8.use sth. 用 use sth. to do sth. 用干 I write with the pen.(同义句) I _ the pen _ write.9.be free (to do.) 有空，有时间 同义词： have time (to do.) Are you free next week？（同义句） _ you _ _ next week?10.full adj.忙的，满的，充满的 be full of 充满，装满 同义词： be filled with（被）充满 Next week is quite _(忙的) for me. The glass is full of milk.(同义句) The glass _ _ _ milk.11.How come？怎么回事？以它开头的特殊疑问句用陈述句语序，相当于why问句。 Why didnt Tom come here？（同义句） _ _ _ _ come here?12.be good at . 擅长（同义： do well in） be good for. 对有益（反义：be bad for） be good with. 善待；和相处得好 be good to. 对友好（同义：be friendly /kind to.) My mother says milk _ _ _ my health. She _ _ _ playing ping-pong. Our teachers _ _ _ us. We should _ _ _ the old.13. health n. 健康 healthy adj.健康的 healthily adv.健康地 be/keep/stay healthy = be in good health (身体)保持健康 Although my grandfather is 80, he is _.(同义句) My grandfather is 80, but he _ _ _ _. We should eat _.14.ask sb. about sth. 问某人关于某事 Last month we _our students _ their free time activities.15.Here be +名词+.（名词即主语，决定be的数）； Here +代词+be. Here _ the results. Here you _. Here it _.16.percent n. “百分之.”无复数形式， 跟基数词及of 搭配成短语作主语时，of后的名词决定谓语的数。 We found that only fifteen percent of our students _(exercise) every day. Thirty percent of time _(pass).17.not at all不用谢，没关系 not .at all一点也不 -Thank you very much. - _ _ _. My mother wants her to drink milk , but she _ like it _ _.18.at least 至少；不少于；起码19.the answer to the question问题的答案 the key to the door 门的钥匙 the ticket to the football match足球赛的票The answers _ our questions about watching television were also interesting.20.although conj. 虽然；尽管；即使 在引导让步状语从句时可与but转换，但连接的从句不同 Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.(同义句) Many students like to watch sports, _ game shows are the most popular.21.Its + adj. + (for sb. )+ to do sth. 干某事对某人来说怎么样 It _ _ _ _ _ _ (放松对我们好) by using the Internet or watching game shows.22.翻译：我们认为放松最好的方式是通过锻炼. _.23.die v.消失；灭亡；死亡 dead adj.死的 death n.死亡 dying Old habits _ hard. The fish is _. His dog _ yesterday. His dogs _ made him very sad.24. go to the dentist 去看牙医 She never _ _ _ _ for teeth cleaning because she is afraid.25.none pron.没有一个；毫无 （表完全否定，反义词;all） 表三者或三者以上一个也不，作主语时可单可复。 All of us like the movie.(变否定) _ of us _ the movie. -How many students are in the classroom?(回答) - _.(一个也没有) -Who are you waiting for ? (回答) _. (没有人) -Whats he doing there ? (回答) _. (没事)26.less than少于 反义： more than多于 He sleeps _ _(少于) 7 hours every night.二语法 频度副词1.含义：表示次数、频率的副词称为频度副词。常用的频度副词按频率发生的高低依次为 alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomhardly evernever2.表具体的频率、次数时，一次用once，两次用twice，三次及以上用“基数词+times”表示。 He plays soccer twice a week. She watches TV four times a week.3.频度副词在句中一般放在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词或情态动词之后的位置. I can hardly say a word. 有些也放在句首表强调，Sometimes Jack plays computer games.4.对.频度副词提问，用how often I hardly ever exercise.(划线提问) _ _ do you exercise?Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister. 一.短语及句型 1.both adj.& pron. “两者都”， 作主语时当复数。单独使用时常位于实义动词之前，系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。 They _ _(两个都)good swimmers. We _ _ (两个都喜欢)playing basketball.1) both of +代词宾格或复数名词（接复数名词of时常省略）。 _ (of )my parents like watching TV. Both of _(we) want to leave here. 2) both A and B 意为“A和B都 ；既A又B”。 Both Jim and Tom _ (be) my good friends. He can speak _ English _ French very well.2.win (won) v.获胜, 赢；赢得winner n.获胜者 beat(beat) v.打败，战胜 win+比赛项目，奖品或战争等作宾语(如match,game,prize)。 beat+比赛对手作宾语。 We _ Class Two and _ the basketball game / the first prize .3.the singing competition 歌唱比赛4.The one with shorter hair was Lisa.(划线提问) _ _ was Lisa? The girl with shorter hair was Lisa. (划线提问) _ _ was Lisa?5.care about sb./sth. 关心，在意 A good friend truly _ _ me.6.make sb. do sth. /adj. 让某人 A good friend _ _ _ (让我开心).7.be like 像 A good friend _ _ a mirror.8.as long as 只要（表条件）；既然（表原因） Youll get good grades _ _ _ you study hard. _ _ _ you want to stay at home, lets watch TV.9.be different from 与不同；与有差异 反义：(be/do/have)the same as和相同；与一致 My best friend is different from me. (同义句) My best friend _ _ _ _ me.10.bring out 使显现；使表现 bring out the best / worst in sb.把某人最好/坏的一面展现出来 Larry often helps to _ _ _ _ _ _ (把我最好的一面展现出来).11.get good grades 取得好成绩 He always _ _ _ than I do.12.reach vi.伸手 reach for sth.伸手取 ； vt. 到达，抵达（与arrive in/at, get to 转换） He _ _ the box , but he is too short. A true friend _ _ your hand and touches your heart.13.touch vt. 触摸；感动 The sad story _ us.14.heart n. 内心；心脏 put ones heart into sth.用心做某事 She has a kind _. Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.15.laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人；因而发笑 Dont _ _ the person who is in trouble.16.be similar to 与相像、类似的 My best friend _ _ _ Larry because shes less hard-working than rmation n.“信息；消息” 不可数名词 一条信息_一些信息_许多信息_ Call the English Study Center at 443-5667 for _(much) information.二语法 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级1.概念：英语中大多数形容词、副词有三个等级，原级、比较级和最高级。两者比较用比较级，意为“较”；三者或三者以上相比用最高级，意为“最”。比较的对象必须是属于同一性质或范畴的人或物。2.构成1）规则变化a)一般在词尾加-er或-est high_ _ few_ _new_ _b)以字母e结尾的词，在词尾加-r或-st fine_ _ late_ _close_ _c)重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est big_ _ thin_ _ fat_ _ hot_ _d)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把“y”改为“i”，再加-er或-est easy_ _funny_ _heavy_shy_ _ early_ _ happy_ _ friendly_ _lazy_ _e)多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加more或most beautiful interesting comfortable comfortably outgoing popular difficult serious hard-working fantastic important talented necessary different expensive careful carefully delicious excellent creative beautifully dangerous famous educational meaninglessf)由“动词+后缀-ing/-ed”构成的形容词，在词前加more或most boring bored crowded exciting excited interestedg由“形容词+后缀-ly”构成的副词，在词前加more或most cheaply quickly quietly loudly 2) 不规则变化 good/well _ _ bad/badly/ill _ _ many/much _ _ little _ _ far _ _ / _ _3. 用法 比较级的用法1）主语+谓语（实义或系动词）+比较级+than+对比成分 表示“比更” Tom is _ (old) than Mike. Mary gets up _ (early) than Lily.2) 含有比较级的主句+than+（对比的）从句 I am more outgoing than she _. She has more oranges than he _.3) 比较级前用much, a lot, far, a little, a bit, even, still等词修饰，用以加强语气。 She is a little heavier than me. 她比我稍微胖一点。4）“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”，若是用more构成的比较级，则用“more and more+原级”表示。 When the winter is coming , it gets _ （越来越冷). Our country is becoming _(越来越美).5） “the+比较级+句子（主谓），the+比较级+句子（主谓）”表示“越就越”。 The _(much) , the _(good). The _(careful) you are, the _(few) mistakes youll make. The _(hard) you study , the _ (good) grades youll get.6） “the+比较级+of the two”表示“两个中比较的”。 My sister is _ _ (高的) of the two.7） 名词+介词短语+be+比较级+than+that(those)+介词短语。 The weather in Beijing is hotter than _ in Shanghai. The beaches in Hainan are more beautiful than _ in Dalian.8）“比较级+than any other+单数名词”表示“比任何其他的（一个）都”。可与 “比较级+than the other+复数名词”替换，还可与最高级转换。 Jim is the tallest boy in our class. Jim is _ than _ _ _ in our class. Jim is _ than _ _ _ in our class. China is the largest country in Asia. China is _ than _ _ _ in Asia. China is _ than _ _ _ in Asia.9） 表示“大几岁，高多少”等时，常用“数词+名词+比较级+than.”结构。 She is _ _ _(大三岁) than me.（同义句） I am _ _ _ than her.10） Which/Who is +比较级，A or B ? Which is _ (easy) , English or Chinese?11) not as/so . as . 表“不如”，可与比较级转换。 She is not as outgoing as me.(同义句) She is _ _ me. She is _ _ _ me. I am _ _ _ her. 最高级的用法1）形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词，副词最高级前的the可省去。 Screen City is the best theater in town. Who sings (the) most beautifully of the three?2)形容词最高级前若有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等修饰时，不用定冠词the. He is our best teacher.3）形容词最高级前若有序数词限定时，the 应放在序数词之前。 The Amazon River is the second longest river in the world.4)形容词最高级常与介词in或of引导的短语连用，说明比较的范围在三者或三者以上。 She is the youngest (student) in our class. He is the tallest of all the students.5)Who /Which is+最高级., A,B or C? Who is the youngest , Mary,Tina or Anna?6)one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词，表示在众多当中“最之一”。Eg: I have many foreign friends. Vera is _(outgoing) one of them. This is one of the most interesting stories. Who has _(heavy) backpack, Mary, Lucy or Lily? We know China has _(many) people in the world.Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?一短语及句型1.be close to 离近 （反义：be far from 离远） Town Cinema _ _ _ _ home in town.2.-Thanks for _ (tell) me. - No _.3.watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事（常常做或做过） Its always interesting to _ _ _ _ (观看别人表演) their talents. watch sb. doing sth.观看某人正在做某事 有类似用法的词还有see,hear,notice等。4.around the world 世界各地 （同义：all over the world) There are similar shows _(全世界), such as Chinas Got Talent.5.have . in common 有相同特征 common n.&adj. 相同，相同的 All this shows _ _ _ _ _ (有一点相同). We _ _ _ _ (无共同之处). They have _ hobbies.6.be up to sb. 是某人的职责；由某人决定 Its up to sb. to do sth. 干某事是某人的职责 Thats _ _ _ _ _ (由你决定). Its _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (教他们英语是我的职责).7.look at 看一看 look for 寻找 look after 照顾 May I _ _ your photos? -What _