北极光的知识(英文版)

精品文档 1欢迎下载 SectionSection A A FinlandFinland NorthernNorthern LightsLights TheThe NorthernNorthern Lights Lights alsoalso knownknown asas AuroraAurora BorealisBorealis 北北 极极光光 oror thethe DawnDawn ofof thethe NorthNorth nevernever failfail toto taketake youryour breathbreath away away TheThe auroraaurora borealisborealis isis oneone ofof thethe mostmost sublime sublime 超群的超群的 andand magnificentmagnificent naturalnatural phenomenaphenomena onon Earth Earth BeforeBefore scientistsscientists cracked cracked 侦破侦破 thethe mysterymystery ofof thethe auroras auroras menmen werewere drawn drawn 吸引吸引 andand fascinated fascinated 强烈地吸引住强烈地吸引住 byby thesethese dancingdancing andand magicalmagical lightslights thatthat werewere oftenoften foundfound inin mythology mythology 神话神话 andand legends legends InIn RomanRoman Mythology Mythology itit isis saidsaid thatthat thethe AuroraAurora isis thethe deity deity 神神 ofof thethe dawn dawn InIn NorthNorth America America thethe InuitsInuits 爱斯基摩人爱斯基摩人 have have manymany legendslegends thatthat explainexplain themthem asas spiritsspirits ofof thethe dead dead TheyThey believedbelieved thatthat thethe lightslights areare thethe essences essences 精华精华 ofof deer deer salmon salmon 鲑鱼鲑鱼 sealsseals andand otherother animalsanimals thatthat theythey hunted hunted AristotleAristotle 亚里斯多德亚里斯多德 thoughtthought itit waswas glowingglowing airair gushing gushing 喷出喷出 fromfrom crackscracks inin thethe sky sky TheThe appearanceappearance ofof thethe redred auroraaurora inin medieval medieval 中世纪的中世纪的 timestimes waswas fearedfeared asas a a badbad omenomen 前兆前兆 oror a a signsign ofof God sGod s anger anger TheyThey believedbelieved thethe manifestationmanifestation 显现显现 of of thethe auroraaurora indicatedindicated faminefamine oror war war CharlesCharles HallHall 查尔斯查尔斯 霍尔霍尔 a a 19th century19th century polarpolar explorer explorer exclaimed exclaimed Who Who butbut GodGod cancan 精品文档 2欢迎下载 conceive conceive 想出想出 suchsuch infinite infinite 无穷的无穷的 scenesscenes ofof glory glory OddlyOddly enough enough thethe MaoriMaori 毛利人毛利人 thought thought thatthat thethe displaysdisplays werewere justjust reflectionsreflections ofof a a campfire campfire 营火营火 oror torches torches RegardlessRegardless whetherwhether youyou believebelieve thethe scientificscientific factsfacts oror thethe legendslegends behindbehind itsits existence existence youyou llll stillstill bebe captivated captivated 吸住吸住 byby thesethese supernaturalsupernatural displaydisplay ofof lights lights andand therethere areare countlesscountless destinationsdestinations wherewhere youyou cancan seesee thethe majesticmajestic phenomenon phenomenon FinlandFinland 芬兰 芬兰 forfor example example shouldshould bebe a a representative representative ManyMany visitorsvisitors toto FinlandFinland comecome withwith hopeshopes ofof seeingseeing thethe FinlandFinland NorthernNorthern LightsLights TheThe bestbest placeplace toto seesee thethe NorthernNorthern LightsLights inin FinlandFinland isis inin thethe northernnorthern LaplandLapland regionregion 拉普兰地区拉普兰地区 whichwhich isis almostalmost entirelyentirely locatedlocated withinwithin thethe realm realm 区域区域 ofof thethe ArcticArctic CircleCircle 北极圈北极圈 DuringDuring thethe darkdark winterwinter monthsmonths here here whenwhen thethe sunsun rarelyrarely peaks peaks 使达到最高使达到最高 峰峰 itsits headhead overover thethe horizon horizon youyou cancan expectexpect toto seesee thethe FinlandFinland NorthernNorthern LightsLights withwith regularity regularity andand otherother peak peak 峰值峰值 seasonsseasons includeinclude FebruaryFebruary throughthrough MarchMarch andand SeptemberSeptember throughthrough October October TheThe timetime betweenbetween 6 6 p m p m andand 1 1 a m a m isis thethe mostmost intenseintense periodperiod ofof thethe day day TheThe highesthighest probabilityprobability withinwithin thisthis timespantimespan 时间间隔 时间间隔 toto seesee thethe FinlandFinland NorthernNorthern LightsLights isis betweenbetween 9 9 p m p m andand 11 3011 30 p m p m thoughthough theythey areare certainlycertainly notnot restrictedrestricted toto thisthis timetime frame frame IfIf youyou havehave nevernever seenseen thethe 精品文档 3欢迎下载 NorthernNorthern LightsLights whereverwherever theythey commonlycommonly occuroccur inin thethe world world thenthen youyou willwill bebe amazedamazed thethe firstfirst timetime whenwhen youyou laylay eyeseyes onon them them TheThe NorthernNorthern LightsLights areare similarsimilar toto a a sunsetsunset inin thethe skysky atat night night butbut appearappear occasionallyoccasionally inin arcsarcs 弧光 弧光 oror spiralsspirals 螺 螺 旋形物 旋形物 usuallyusually followingfollowing thethe earth searth s magneticmagnetic 磁性的 磁性的 field field TheyThey areare mostmost oftenoften lightlight greengreen inin colorcolor butbut oftenoften havehave a a hinthint ofof pink pink Swirling Swirling 涡旋形的涡旋形的 shadesshades ofof blue blue green green andand pinkpink areare mostmost commoncommon whenwhen itit comescomes toto thethe FinlandFinland NorthernNorthern Lights Lights StrongStrong eruptionseruptions alsoalso havehave violet violet 紫罗兰色的紫罗兰色的 andand whitewhite colours colours RedRed northernnorthern lightslights areare rare rare butbut cancan sometimessometimes bebe observedobserved onon lowerlower latitudes latitudes 纬度纬度 TheThe FinlandFinland AuroraAurora Borealis Borealis whilewhile bestbest seenseen inin Lapland Lapland cancan alsoalso bebe witnessedwitnessed asas farfar southsouth asas thethe capitalcapital citycity ofof HelsinkiHelsinki 赫尔辛基赫尔辛基 fromfrom timetime toto time time thoughthough onon average average therethere areare onlyonly somesome twentytwenty daysdays outout ofof thethe yearyear whenwhen viewingviewing themthem isis possiblepossible inin mostmost southernsouthern partsparts ofof thethe country country PartPart ofof thethe reasonreason whywhy itit cancan bebe difficultdifficult toto seesee thethe NorthernNorthern LightsLights ofof FinlandFinland inin HelsinkiHelsinki isis becausebecause ofof thethe factfact thatthat itit isis hardhard toto escapeescape toto dimlydimly litlit areas areas TheThe relativerelative lacklack ofof citycity lightslights isis justjust oneone ofof thethe reasonsreasons whywhy thethe LaplandLapland regionregion 精品文档 4欢迎下载 seessees somesome 200200 nightlynightly occurrencesoccurrences everyevery year year andand oneone mustmust alsoalso considerconsider thethe regionregion s s northernnorthern location location TheThe lowerlower reaches reaches 区域区域 ofof thethe ArcticArctic CircleCircle areare idealideal forfor viewingviewing thethe NorthernNorthern LightsLights acrossacross thethe planet planet whichwhich isis whywhy CanadaCanada andand AlaskaAlaska areare goodgood destinationsdestinations inin thethe WesternWestern Hemisphere Hemisphere 半球半球 ForFor thosethose whowho areare wonderingwondering whatwhat causescauses thethe NorthernNorthern LightsLights inin Finland Finland solarsolar flares flares 耀斑耀斑 areare largelylargely responsible responsible TheseThese flaresflares effectivelyeffectively causecause solarsolar windswinds andand solarsolar storms storms whichwhich createcreate lingering lingering 游移的游移的 atmosphericatmospheric particlesparticles oror matter matter TheThe AuroraAurora BorealisBorealis isis justjust causedcaused byby thesethese charged charged 带电的带电的 particles particles 粒子粒子 ejected ejected 喷出喷出 fromfrom thethe sun sun WhenWhen thesethese particlesparticles reachreach thethe earth earth theythey collide collide 碰撞碰撞 withwith gasgas atomsatoms inin thethe earth searth s atmosphereatmosphere causingcausing themthem toto energise energise 释放出能释放出能 量量 whichwhich resultsresults inin a a spectacularspectacular multi colouredmulti coloured lightlight show show AsAs such such 因此因此 scientistsscientists cancan oftenoften accuratelyaccurately predictpredict whenwhen thethe bestbest timestimes areare forfor viewingviewing thethe NorthernNorthern LightsLights inin FinlandFinland byby keepingkeeping anan eyeeye outout for for 留心留心 solarsolar flares flares 757757 words words NewNew WordsWords auroraaurora r r r r n n 曙光曙光 C C 极光极光 C C 罗神罗神 大写大写 奥罗拉奥罗拉 即曙光女神即曙光女神 精品文档 5欢迎下载 sublimesublime s s bla bla m m a a 雄伟的 卓越的 雄伟的 卓越的 壮丽的壮丽的 超群的 超群的 crackcrack kr kr k k v v 敲破敲破 破破 案案 破解破解 drawdraw v v 吸引吸引 注意等注意等 fascinatefascinate v v 强烈地吸引住强烈地吸引住 mythologymythology mi mi l l d d i i n n 神话神话 deitydeity di iti di iti n n 神神 essenceessence esns esns n n 精髓 精华精髓 精华 salmonsalmon s s m m n n n n 鲑 大麻哈鱼鲑 大麻哈鱼 gushgush g g v v 涌出 喷出涌出 喷出 medievalmedieval medi i v medi i v l l a a 中世纪的 中古 时代 的中世纪的 中古 时代 的 原始的原始的 omenomen umum n n n n 前兆 预兆 兆头前兆 预兆 兆头 manifestationmanifestation m m nifes teinifes tei n n n n 显现显现 conceiveconceive k k n si v n si v v v 想像 想出想像 想出 infiniteinfinite infinit infinit a a 无穷的 广大无边的无穷的 广大无边的 campfirecampfire k k mp faimp fai n n 营火营火 篝火篝火 captivatecaptivate k k ptiveit ptiveit v v 吸住 迷惑住吸住 迷惑住 realmrealm relm relm n n 区域 范围区域 范围 peakpeak vt vt 使达到最高峰使达到最高峰 n n 最大量 巅值 峰值最大量 巅值 峰值 timespantimespan n n 时间间隔时间间隔 arcarc k k n n 弧 弧光弧 弧光 spiralspiral spair spair l l n n 螺旋形物螺旋形物 magneticmagnetic m m g netik g netik a a 磁磁 性性 的的 精品文档 6欢迎下载 swirlingswirling sw sw l l v v 使使 打旋打旋 盘绕盘绕 violetviolet vai vai lit lit a a 紫罗兰色的紫罗兰色的 latitudelatitude l l titju d titju d n n 纬度纬度 reachreach n n 区域 领域 范围区域 领域 范围 hemispherehemisphere hemisfi hemisfi n n 半球半球 flareflare fl fl n n 太阳的太阳的 耀斑 色球爆发耀斑 色球爆发 lingeringlingering li li g g riri a a 逗留不去的 游移的逗留不去的 游移的 chargecharge v v 充充 电电 particleparticle p p tikl tikl n n 颗粒 微粒 粒子颗粒 微粒 粒子 ejecteject i d i d ekt ekt v v 喷出喷出 collidecollide k k laid laid v v 车等车等 碰撞碰撞 with with 意志等意志等 冲突 抵触冲突 抵触 with with energiseenergise en en d d aiz aiz energize energize 美 美 vt vt 供给供给 能量 使能量 使 精力充沛精力充沛 vi vi 释放出能量释放出能量 UsefulUseful ExpressionsExpressions taketake oneone s s breathbreath awayaway 屏息凝神屏息凝神 withwith regularityregularity 经常地经常地 bebe restrictedrestricted toto 局限于局限于 laylay eyeseyes onon 看到 看见看到 看见 精品文档 7欢迎下载 a a hinthint ofof 一丁点儿一丁点儿 collidecollide withwith 车等车等 碰撞 碰撞 意志等意志等 冲突 抵触冲突 抵触 asas suchsuch 这样 因此这样 因此 keepkeep anan eyeeye outout forfor 留心留心 ProperProper NamesNames AuroraAurora BorealisBorealis 北北极极光光 thethe InuitInuit 因纽特人 爱斯基摩人因纽特人 爱斯基摩人 AristotleAristotle 亚里斯多德亚里斯多德 CharlesCharles HallHall 查尔斯查尔斯 霍尔霍尔 MaoriMaori 毛利人 毛利语毛利人 毛利语 FinlandFinland 芬兰芬兰 LaplandLapland regionregion 拉普兰地区拉普兰地区 ArcticArctic CircleCircle 北极圈北极圈 北纬北纬 6666 度度 3333 分以北区域分以北区域 HelsinkiHelsinki 赫尔辛基赫尔辛基 芬兰首都芬兰首都 NotesNotes 精品文档 8欢迎下载 1 Aurora1 Aurora Borealis Borealis 北极光北极光 北端的光北端的光 由太阳风和地球磁场及上层大气交互作用产生 与南极光由太阳风和地球磁场及上层大气交互作用产生 与南极光 aurora aurora australis australis 一起一起 统称为极光 统称为极光 auroraaurora borealisborealis 这个词是由一个法这个词是由一个法 国的科学家国的科学家 PierrePierre GassendiGassendi 命名的 命名的 2 2 Aurora Aurora 古古希希腊腊曙曙光光女女神神 古古希希腊腊女女神神奥奥罗罗拉拉 也也叫叫厄厄俄俄斯斯 是是曙曙光光女女神神 她她在在将将光光明明带带 往往人人间间的的时时候候 爱爱上上了了忧忧郁郁的的 特特洛洛伊伊王王子子梯梯托托诺诺斯斯 并并将将 王王子子带带 回回了了奥奥林林匹匹斯斯山山 月月亮亮女女神神阿阿尔尔忒忒弥弥斯斯帮帮助助她她将将王王子子藏藏了了起起来来 并并告告诉诉他他去去宙宙斯斯的的神神殿殿祈祈求求王王子子得得到到长长寿寿 奥奥罗罗拉拉向向宙宙斯斯祈祈求求了了 王王子子的的长长寿寿 却却忘忘记记了了祈祈求求他他的的永永葆葆青青春春 于于是是王王子子迅迅速速地地老老去去 并并被被奥奥罗罗拉拉嫌嫌弃弃 扔扔回回了了人人间间 但但是是奥奥罗罗拉拉为为他他生生下下了了孩孩子子 想想 把把孩孩子子留留在在奥奥林林匹匹斯斯 可可是是宙宙斯斯不不同同意意 趁趁奥奥罗罗拉拉不不在在 宙宙斯斯把把 孩孩子子带带回回了了人人间间 奥奥罗罗拉拉悲悲痛痛欲欲绝绝 却却毫毫无无办办法法 因因为为女女神神的的悲悲 伤伤 世世界界失失去去了了光光明明 最最后后奥奥罗罗拉拉被被宙宙斯斯劝劝说说 继继续续为为人人间间带带来来 光光明明 3 3 Borealis Borealis 是指北部地区是指北部地区 BorealisBorealis 与与 AustralisAustralis 相对相对 AustralisAustralis 是指南是指南部地区 部地区 起源起源 这个词是由希腊语这个词是由希腊语 BoreasBoreas 而来而来 就是北风的意思 在希腊就是北风的意思 在希腊 语中语中 各个方向的的风都有属于自己的名字 各个方向的的风都有属于自己的名字 NotusNotus 南风 南风 ZephyrusZephyrus 西风 西风 EuroEuro 东风 东风 精品文档 9欢迎下载 4 4 FinlandFinland 芬兰 芬兰 芬兰位于芬兰位于欧洲欧洲北部 与北部 与瑞典瑞典 挪威挪威 俄罗斯俄罗斯接壤 有接壤 有 千湖之国千湖之国 之称 芬兰最早的居民为之称 芬兰最早的居民为拉普人拉普人 故芬兰又称 故芬兰又称拉普兰拉普兰 5 5 LaplandLapland regionregion 拉普兰 拉普兰 拉普兰是芬兰最大 同时也是最北端的省份 拉普兰的旅游景点非拉普兰是芬兰最大 同时也是最北端的省份 拉普兰的旅游景点非 常有特色 且野生动物资源丰富 因此吸引了全球各地的人们前来常有特色 且野生动物资源丰富 因此吸引了全球各地的人们前来 观光 拉普兰有着芬兰最富有盛名的国家公园 如圣诞村 此外 观光 拉普兰有着芬兰最富有盛名的国家公园 如圣诞村 此外 它还是观测北极光的最佳地点之一 到此一游堪称是旅游的最高境它还是观测北极光的最佳地点之一 到此一游堪称是旅游的最高境 界 终极追求 界 终极追求 6 6 HelsinkiHelsinki 芬兰首都 赫尔辛基 芬兰首都 赫尔辛基 赫尔辛基不仅是芬兰首都 赫尔辛基不仅是芬兰首都 同时也是这个国家的最大城市 同时也是这个国家的最大城市 SectionSection B B AuroraAurora BorealisBorealis TheThe auroraaurora isis a a widespreadwidespread curtain likecurtain like colouredcoloured glowglow inin thethe upperupper atmosphere atmosphere InIn thethe ArcticArctic circle circle thethe auroraaurora appearsappears asas a a ring shapedring shaped glow glow likelike a a halohalo 晕圈晕圈 overover thethe northernnorthern pointpoint ofof ScandinaviaScandinavia thethe SiberianSiberian coast coast AlaskaAlaska northernnorthern CanadaCanada andand thethe southernsouthern tiptip ofof GreenlandGreenland ThisThis glowglow isis causedcaused byby high energyhigh energy electronselectrons collidingcolliding withwith oxygenoxygen atomsatoms andand nitrogennitrogen 氮氮 molecules molecules TheThe basicbasic 精品文档 10欢迎下载 processprocess isis thethe samesame asas thatthat ofof a a neonneon signsign 广告霓虹灯广告霓虹灯 whichwhich involvesinvolves a a vacuumvacuum 真空真空 and and a a highhigh voltagevoltage 电压电压 electricalelectrical dischargedischarge 放电放电 TheThe electricelectric powerpower isis generatedgenerated byby a a combinationcombination ofof thethe solarsolar wind wind a a hothot ionized ionized 电离电离 gas gas blowingblowing outout fromfrom thethe sun sun andand thethe Earth sEarth s magneticmagnetic field field Scientifically Scientifically thethe AuroraAurora occursoccurs whenwhen thethe EarthEarth s s magneticmagnetic fieldfield collidescollides withwith thethe solarsolar windwind comingcoming fromfrom thethe Sun Sun causingcausing a a transfertransfer ofof energyenergy thatthat createscreates thethe northernnorthern hemispherehemisphere toto glow glow specificallyspecifically aroundaround thethe Poles Poles ThisThis producesproduces moremore thanthan 1 0001 000 timestimes thethe electricalelectrical powerpower ofof thethe world sworld s largestlargest powerpower plant plant TheThe eruptionseruptions areare looselyloosely tiedtied toto thethe solarsolar activityactivity cycle cycle whichwhich lastslasts aboutabout 1111 years years TheThe largestlargest terrestrial terrestrial 地球上的地球上的 effectseffects tendtend toto happenhappen whenwhen activityactivity isis atat itsits maximummaximum andand inin thethe yearsyears followingfollowing maximums maximums However However largelarge disturbancesdisturbances cancan happenhappen atat anyany partpart ofof thethe cycle cycle InIn addition addition thethe occurrenceoccurrence ofof aurorasauroras stillstill dependsdepends onon thethe latitudelatitude ofof thethe observer observer TheThe AuroraAurora LightsLights formform anan ovaloval bandband aroundaround thethe magneticmagnetic polespoles ofof thethe earth earth AtAt a a 精品文档 11欢迎下载 distancedistance aboutabout 25002500 kmkm fromfrom thesethese poles poles thethe probabilityprobability forfor seeingseeing aurorasauroras isis almostalmost 100100 TheThe NorthernNorthern LightsLights havehave severalseveral colourfulcolourful variationsvariations 变变 差差 TheThe combinationcombination ofof yellows yellows pinkspinks andand greensgreens areare createdcreated byby oxygenoxygen moleculesmolecules thatthat areare foundfound 6060 milesmiles aboveabove thethe earthearth s s atmosphere atmosphere whilstwhilst thethe blueblue andand thethe combinationcombination ofof blueblue andand purplepurple isis producedproduced byby nitrogen nitrogen andand thethe rarestrarest ofof allall auroras auroras thethe red red isis a a productproduct ofof high altitudehigh altitude oxygenoxygen foundfound 200200 milesmiles aboveabove EarthEarth s s atmosphere atmosphere OneOne ofof thethe mostmost wondrouswondrous 奇妙的奇妙的 featuresfeatures ofof thethe auroraaurora isis itsits spectacularspectacular movement movement asas itit swirlsswirls 弯曲盘旋弯曲盘旋 rapidlyrapidly overover thethe wholewhole sky sky ThisThis phenomenonphenomenon isis calledcalled thethe auroralauroral substormsubstorm 磁层亚暴磁层亚暴 TheThe movementmovement isis causedcaused byby changeschanges inin bothboth thethe electricelectric andand magneticmagnetic fieldsfields inin thethe spacespace aroundaround thethe earth earth ChangesChanges inin thethe fieldsfields areare causedcaused byby solarsolar eruptionseruptions calledcalled solarsolar flares flares WeWe areare stillstill farfar fromfrom understandingunderstanding thethe chainchain ofof processesprocesses thatthat leadlead toto thethe auroralauroral substorm substorm TheThe predictionprediction ofof thethe occurrenceoccurrence ofof aurorasauroras isis difficultdifficult butbut wewe dodo havehave somesome success success ThereThere areare twotwo kindskinds ofof NorthernNorthern LightsLights prediction prediction statisticalstatistical andand real timereal time ones ones 精品文档 12欢迎下载 TheThe formerformer isis basedbased onon a a largelarge amountamount ofof observationsobservations ofof NorthernNorthern LightsLights atat differentdifferent latitudeslatitudes duringduring severalseveral years years FromFrom thesethese statisticsstatistics wewe cancan saysay whatwhat isis thethe probabilityprobability ofof thethe occurrenceoccurrence ofof NorthernNorthern LightsLights duringduring thethe coursecourse ofof year year AccordingAccording toto thethe statisticsstatistics compiled compiled 搜集搜集 byby thethe FinnishFinnish MeteorologicalMeteorological 气象的气象的 Institute Institute fourfour nightsnights outout ofof fivefive areare illuminatedilluminated 照亮照亮 byby NorthernNorthern LightsLights inin NorthernNorthern Lapland Lapland providingproviding thatthat thethe skysky isis freefree enoughenough fromfrom clouds clouds OnOn thethe coastcoast ofof thethe ArcticArctic OceanOcean inin NorthNorth NorwayNorway oneone cancan seesee NorthernNorthern LightsLights almostalmost everyevery night night EvenEven inin SouthSouth Finland Finland saysay Helsinki Helsinki oneone cancan seesee themthem butbut muchmuch moremore seldom seldom inin HelsinkiHelsinki onlyonly oneone nightnight outout ofof 20 20 TheThe latterlatter predictionprediction isis basedbased onon a a space weatherspace weather mon