独立主格结构（原创）

独立主格结构 非谓语动词 现在分词 过去分词 不定式 作状语时 其逻辑主语需与 主句主语保持一致 如 1 The old man sat under the tree reading a book 2 Hearing the news he jumped with joy 3 Having negotiated with the builder several times he signed the contract at length 4 Having lived in London for over 50 years Stephen has a great knowledge of the capital city 5 Not having lost weight after going on a diet for three months Jane felt very upset 6 Having been defeated many times the boxer began to wonder if he should make a fourth attempt 7 Surrounded by water this forest provides visitors with a wonderful chance to see some endangered native birds in the wild 8 The woman entered the shop followed by a dog 9 Warned of Having been warned of the snowstorm the farmers were still working in the fields 10 Painted Having been painted red the house stands out among the rest 11 He got up early to catch the early bus 若不一致 非谓语动词形式需要另带主语 这种结构称为 独立主格结构 独立主格结构不是句子 在句子中作状语 位于主句前或主句后 常用来 表示时间 原因 条件 行为方式 伴随情况 补充说明等 独立主格结构的特点 1 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同 2 独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句隔开 独立主格结构的形式 一 名词 主格代词 现在分词 1 名词 主格代词 doing The girl staring at him As the girl stared at him he didn t know what to say Time permitting If time permits we will go for an outing tomorrow 2 名词 主格代词 being done The office being decorated everything is upside down 3 名词 主格代词 having done Several deaths from drowning having happened in the past few days swimming in that river is said to have been banned Oil having run out they had to take a taxi home 4 名词 主格代词 having been done The decision having been made the next problem was how to make a good plan 5 名词 主格代词 having been doing The house prices having been going up all the time no one knows when it will become stable 二 名词 主格代词 过去分词 The problems solved As the problems were solved the quality has been improved All things considered her suggestion is of greater value than yours 三 名词 主格代词 不定式 1 名词 主格代词 to do The teacher to help us we will succeed Here are the first two volumes the third one to come out next month 2 名词 主格代词 to be done Many trees flowers and grass to be planted our newly built school will look even more beautiful 四 名词 主格代词 形容词 So many people absent the meeting had to be called off The boy looked at the beautiful picture eyes wide open 五 名词 主格代词 副词 The meeting over they all went home 六 名词 主格代词 介词短语 The boy goes to the classroom book in hand Mary was sitting near the fire her back towards the door 七 名词 主格代词 名词 His first shot failure he fired again 他第一枪没击中 又打了一枪 Two hundred people died in the accident many of them children 两百人死于事故 其中有许多儿童 八 There being 名词 代词 There being nothing else to do we went home 没有别的事可做 我们就回家了 There being no further business I declare the meeting closed 没有再要讨论的事了 我宣布散会 九 It being 名词 代词 It being Christmas the government offices were closed 由于圣诞节的缘故 政府机关都休息 It being a holiday all the shops were shut 由于今天是假日 所有商店都关门了 注 独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词 with 如 Don t sleep with the windows open 别开着窗睡觉 He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on 他穿着衣服躺 在床上 She came in with a book in her hand 她手里拿着一本书走了进 来 He fell asleep with the lamp burning 他没熄灯就睡着了 I won t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill 因 为妈妈有病 我无法去度假 He sat there with his eyes closed 他闭目坐在那儿 All the afternoon he worked with the door locked 整个下午他都 锁着门在房里工作 I can t go out with all these clothes to wash 要洗这些衣服 我 无法出门了 练习 1 You alcohol again I will permit you to learn to drive and buy a car for you later promise 如果你保证不再喝酒 我将允许你学习驾驶 并且晚些时候给你买辆车 2 to the little boy who was disabled with his left leg his tears welled up award 一等奖颁发给了左腿残疾的小男孩 他泪如泉涌 3 The use of masks was limited by laws the first of them the fourteenth century date 面具的使用受到法律的限制 最早的可追溯到 14 世纪 4 they took quick action to attack the enemy s army consideration 一切都考虑周全了 他们迅速采取行动攻击敌人的军队 5 We left the meeting obviously staying point 我们离开了会议 因为留下来显然毫无意义 6 The mountain village from the outside for a long time the villagers here are still living a primitive and quiet life cut 这个山村长期与外界隔绝 村民们仍然过着原始宁静的生活 7 The speech a lively discussion started deliver 演讲之后 开始了热烈的讨论 8 We will go hiking permit 如果时间允许 我们就去徒步旅行 9 It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall over 90 meters measure 那儿的湿度很大 树木极高 有些树的高度超过 90 米 10 It yesterday rather than stay indoors I preferred to go out be 昨天是星期天 我宁愿外出也不愿呆在室内 11 An important lecture the professor is busy preparing for it give 因为要发表一个重要的演讲 教授正在忙着准备 12 Mary her behavior at the party her tears streamed from her face while she was making apologies to her friends ashamed 玛丽为她在晚会上的行为感到羞愧 当她向朋友道歉时 眼泪不停地从脸上流 下来 13 The heavy storm at last everyone on the island felt released die 狂风暴雨最后渐渐平息了 岛上的每个人都松了一口气 14 All the students the chairman of the Students Union announced the arrangement for the camping settle 所有的学生在座位上安定下来后 学生会主席宣布露营的安排 15 Martin was listening attentively to the weather forecast on the radio all his attention fix Martin 正在专心致志地听收音机里的天气预报 他所有的注意力都集中在上面 答案 1 promising not to drink 2 The first prize awarded 3 dating from 或 dating back to 4 Everything taken into consideration 5 there being no point in 6 having been cut off 7 delivered 或 having been delivered 8 time permitting 9 some measuring 10 being Sunday 11 to be given 12 ashamed of 13 dying down 14 settling down in their seats 15 fixed on it 典例分析 例 1 1 He wrote a lot of novels many of translated into foreign languages A it B them C which D that 2 He wrote a lot of novels many of were translated into foreign languages A it B them C which D that 分析 第 1 题应选 B 而不能选 C 是因为句中的 translated 是过去 分词 非谓语动词 逗号后面是独立主格结构 若选 C 则该从句无谓语 第 2 题应选 C 该句 translated 前有 were 逗号后面是典型的非限制性定语从 句 所以应选 C 3 He wrote a lot of novels and many of were translated into foreign languages A it B them C which D that 分析 此题与上面的第 2 题不同 两句间多了一个并列连词 and 说明 这是一个并列句 故应选 B 不能选 C 例 2 我们学校大约有 3000 名学生 大多数来自农村 1 There are about 3 000 students in our school coming from the countryside 2 There are about 3 000 students in our school come from the countryside 3 There are about 3 000 students in our school and come from the countryside 例 3 这家工厂每年生产大约 5000 台电视机 其中三分之二销往国外 1 The factory produces about 5 000 TV sets every year sold abroad 2 The factory produces about 5 000 TV sets every year were sold abroad 3 The f