语法填空解题技巧.docx

语法填空解题归纳掌握句子的基本结构首先，我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构：(1)主语+谓语（+宾语+宾补）(2)主语+系动词+表语其次，我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分的典型词类：(1)充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外，还有动名词、不定式短语等。(2)充当谓语的一定是动词。(3)充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词。(4)在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。(5)作状语的典型词类是副词。没有提示词：通常考冠词 、介词、代词和连词等四类词。一个空格只能填 一个单词。有提示词：通常考谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的 比较级、最高级、词类转换等。一个空格可以填多个单词没有提示词 一、填冠词 (a/ an / the) 名词/名词短语前没有限定词 1. There once were a goat and a donkey. So the farmer killed 40_ _ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 2.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was 35_ _ shy , nervous perfectionist. A young man，while traveling through a desert，came across a spring of clear water. _ water was sweet.二、 填代词 ( it，one，that， another, other, none,I, we, his等人称)作主语用主格，作宾语用宾格，注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。指示代词（it和this）,不定代词，反身代词等1.He asked his teacher，“Sir，the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _?”2.It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _rice crop grow up quickly. 3.Raise your leg and let _ stay in the air for seconds. 三、 填介词 in, on, at, with, as(作为), before, after, by, from, through, to, for等 注意搭配问题 与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等 与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语1. In short, I believe that it is _ great use to keep a dairy in English 2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back _the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. 3. She found some good quality pipes_ sale. 4. He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day四、连词或从句引导词(1)连接两个功能对等的单词,短语或句子时， 用and, but, or,-(2)if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,when等构成含状语从句的复合句.(3)用who,which,that,when,where,why等构成含定语从句的复合句。（有时往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的，但也须结合句子结构来分析。）(4)用that,if/whether(or not是否)，wh-等构成含名词性从句的复合句。1.He was very tired from/after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 2.Once there lived a richman _wanted to do something for the people of his town.3.Gradually four treasures are taken into consideration when people judge_a person is elegant or not.有提示词一、提示词 动词(1)句中没有谓语，或已有谓语，但所填词与他是并列关系，填的词则是谓语动词。时态语态考虑要瞻前顾后.1.I was certain she would like it because I _ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. 2.His fear of failure _ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. 3.The country life he was used to _ (change)greatly since the opening policy.4.That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _(close) my book and walked away.(2)若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就考虑用非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用ing形式、ed形式，还是用不定式形式。（to do/ to be done Ving作主语、宾语、宾补；定语或状语，表主动、进行 Ved作定语或状语，表被动，完成 To do作主语、宾语、宾补；定语或状语，表主动，将来；表目的1._ (follow) by many fans，the singer walked out of the hall.2._ (follow) the famous singer，the crazy fans walked out of the hall.3.The workers _(build) the bridge came from all over the country.4.The novels _(write) by MoYan are popular，attracting more and more readers.5._(take) exercise is of great benefit to us.6._(catch) the first bus, he got up early.EX.1_( host) the Olympics Games is also a great responsibility.2. We all want to have the problem _( solve) in a peaceful way.3. He cant say a word, _( point) at the notice on the wall angrily.4. The game _( design) for children to develop their interest in maths is popular with the kids.5. _ (see) the big snake, the little girl was frightened.6. _ (ask) why he stole the book, he kept silent. 二、有提示词 词性转化 词类转换题要先确定在句中的成分，根据该词在句 子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。 (1)转化为名词 作主语、及物动词或介词后宾语，在冠词、形容词性物主代词后， 或“冠词+形容词”后，用名词形式；有时需要注意名词复数。 1. With the rapid economic _(grow) of our country, we now are eating a lot of food that is high in sugar and fat.2. there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _ (attract)3.Recognizing your bad eating habits is of great _ (important) in correcting the behavior.Ex.1.John Snow was able to announce with _ (certain). 2.On December 10, the anniversary of the _(die) of Nobel3 .I hold the _(believe) that we can overcome the difficulties.4. On his _( arrive), he was given a warm welcome.(2) 转化为形容词 作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式(若名词之前，系动词之后缺词)。That has actually made me believe that I can make _(wonder) dishes too.We had an_ (amaze) conversation. He is _ (help) to others.Mr.Wang is a _ (fun) teacher.形容词的比较级和最高级 通常，有表示范围的in /of介词短语或形容词前有the时，一般要用最高级；than的前面一定要用比较级; “the+比较级，the+比较级”结构1.-These oranges are only a dollar. -Well, they are _(cheap) than others, but they dont look as good.2. Shanghai is one of the _ (large) cities in the word.3. The _ (hard) you try to study, the more likely(可能的) you will succeed.(3) 转化为副词 副词修饰形容词、动词或整个句子1._ (sad) the library had moved from its original place into another building. 2.Walls made of adobe (土坯房）take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out heat_（slow）during cool nights.Ex.1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said _ (rude).2. He looked calm, but _( actual) he was nervous.3. Mother has not yet recovered from the serious illness, but her health is improving _( gradual) day by day.(四）有可能是词类不用变，主要是考察具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-等，在词根后加-less等 1. He has strong determination and is unwilling (willing) to give up the opportunity. 2. One main disadvantage (advantage) of this area is that the public transport is not convenient. Ex.1 I _( like) people who talk loudly in public places. I think its very impolite. 2 It is _( fair) that he gets very little in reward for his hard work. 3 Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessary) work in the office. 4._ (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just only 10 minutes left .!总结：、掌握单词、词组 、懂得分析句子结构 、多听、多说、多读、多写，增强语感Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other _66_ (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present _67_ (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. _68_ (luck), native English spe