中考英语专题复习 状语从句课件 人教新目标版.ppt

状语从句讲练 什么是状语 什么是从句 表示时间 地点 原因 目的 wesleepatnightathome 必须符合 从句的三个必须 必须是句子 必须有连接词 必须是陈述句 请参考本网站 简单句结构 主谓宾 从句基础篇 从句的三个必须 视频 定义 状语从句状语从句同副词 介词词组等作状语一样 用于修饰谓语 说明谓语动作的时间 地点 方式 手段 条件 程度 比较 原因 目的 结果等igetupat6 00itisdarkigetupwhenitisdark 用作状语的从句叫做状语从句 引导状语从句的关联词是一些从属连词 例 whenyoucrosstheroad youmustbecareful 当你过马路时要小心 when是从属连词 iwaslatebecauseimissedthebus 我迟到了 因为我误了公共汽车 because是从属连词 ifsheasksme i lltellher 她如果问我 我就告诉她 if是从属连词 youlookasifyouneedarest 你像是需要休息似的 asif是从属连词 状语从句 状语从句的种类1 时间状语从句when while assoonas since until before after2 条件状语从句if3 结果状语从句so that4 比较状语从句than5 原因状语从句because6 让步状语从句although though7 地点状语从句where 前引 根据主从句的三种时间关系 分为主从句同时发生 主从句都没有发生 主从句一前一后发生三类句型 每种句型分别对应独特的句式 三类时间 1 主从句同时发生 2 主从句都没有发生 3 主从句一前一后发生 whatwereyoudoingwhentheufoarrived whatareyoudoingwhentheufoarrives iwouldleaveifhecame iwillleaveifhecomes thetrainhadbeenawaywheniarrived 过去配过去 过去配过去 现在配现在 现在配现在 前引 根据主从句的三种时间关系 分为主从句同时发生 主从句都没有发生 主从句一前一后发生三类句型 每种句型分别对应独特的句式 三类时间 1 主从句同时发生 2 主从句都没有发生 3 主从句一前一后发生 过去类 过去进行when一般过去 现在类 现在进行 when一般现在 过去类 过去将来when一般过去 现在类 一般将来when一般现在 过去完成when一般过去 当我在开车时 她在玩滑板车 whileiwasdriving shewasplayingthescooter 时间状语从句 1 时间状语从句常用when as while before after since till until assoonas等连词来引导 例如 itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday whilehewasdoinghishomework thetelephonerang ashewalkedalongthelake hesanghappily hehadlearnedalittlechinesebeforehecametochina afterhefinishedmiddleschool hewenttoworkinafactory 2 在时间状语从句里 主句为将来时 从句用一般现在时i llringyouupassoonasigettonewyork iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback hewon tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes 3 若就时间状语从句提问 应用when来提问 如 whileweweresweepingthefloor thebellrang 就划线部分提问 while when辨析when while doingwhen whilereading hefellasleep when 终止性 延续性动词while 延续性动词whentheteachercamein iwassleeping while wheniwassleeping theteachercamein when 就在这时 iwassleeping whensomeoneknockedatthedoor when表示点时间时 从句中用短暂性动词 表示段时间时 用持续性动词 whenigothome myfamilywerealreadyhavingdinner 我到家的时候 全家已在吃晚饭 when表示点时间 whentheywerestilltalkingandlaughing theteachercamein 当他们还在说笑的时候 老师进来了 when表示段时间 hewavedahellowhenhesawher 当他看见她的时候 就挥手打了个招呼 when表示点时间 whenyouthinkyouknownothing youbegintoknowsomething 当你认为自己一无所知的时候 就开始知道一些事情了 when表示段时间 当when意思是正当 时候 andatthatmoment 时 when只能跟在前一分句之后 hewasabouttogotobedwhenthedoorbelrang 他正要上床 忽然门铃响了 theywerewatchingtheworldcupwhensuddenlythelightswentout 他们正看着世界杯比赛 突然灯灭了 theyhadjustarrivedhomewhenitbegantorain 他们刚到家 天就开始下雨了 while通常表示一段时间 从句中宜用持续性动词作谓语 strikewhiletheironishot 趁热打铁 shefellasleepwhileshewasreadingthenewspaper 她在看报的时候睡着了 while有时可以作并列连词 表示对比 可译成 而 iamfondofenglishwhilehelikesmaths 我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学 wesleptwhilethecaptainkeptwatch 我们睡觉而上尉担任警戒 while的其他含义 whileiwaswalkingdownthestreet icameacrossanoldfriend while helikespopmusic whileiamfondoffolkmusic while whileireallydon tlikeart ifindhisworkimpressive while whilethereislifethereishope while when although aslongas but as 当 时 一边 一边 随着 某事一发生 另一事立即发生 两个动作同时发生 asthedaywenton theweathergotworse asthecaptainpassedme iaskedhimwhethertherewasanyhopeofsavingtheship hehadfinishedhishomework hetookashortrest hewalkedalongthelake hesanghappily shewastypingtheletter thetelephonerangwhen as while区别 when while as when as while 时间点 延续性动词 一边 一边 时间段 终止性动词 before 在 前itwillbehalfayearbeforeicomeback itwon tbehalfayearbeforewemeetagain wesailedfourdaysandnightsbeforewesawtheland wehadn trunamilebeforehefelttired 肯定句 才 否定句 就 itwillbe 一段时间before 多久之后才 itwon tbe 一段时间before 不久就 till until和not until 1 until till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时 主句的动词是延续性动词 表示动作或状态一直持续到until till所表示的时间 意为 某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止 如 wewaiteduntilhecame 2 用于否定句时 主句谓语动词是非延续性动词 从句为肯定 意为 某动作直到某时间才开始 如hewon tgotobedtill untilshereturns 练一练 1 hecomesheretomorrow iwillcallyou 2 hewaswalkinginthestreet hemettim 3 shesang sheworked 4 therewasanapplause sheappearedonthestage when while when as assoonas 5 itwon tbelong hefinisheshiswriting 6 hehadfinishedhiswork heleftthere 7 itistwoyears hecamehere 8 shetoldme ihadnoideaofwhattheyhadsaid before after since everytime eachtime until 练习 1 i llwritetoyou igetthere a whileb beforec assoonasd by2 hehaslivedinthecity hecamebackfromamerica a whenb beforec sinced after3 wewon tleavehere ourteachercomesback a untilb sincec afterd assoonas4 ihadtofinishthepicture mymothercameback a untilb beforec afterd while5 johnfellasleep hewaslisteningtothemusic a afterb beforec whiled assoonas 中考题型 时间状语从句 2 地点状语从句地点状语从句由where wherever等引导 例如 youcantakeawalkwhereveryouliketo mom whatdidyourdoctorsay headvisedmetolivewheretheairisfresher 我扁你是因为你又偷我的菜 ibeatyoubecauseyoustolemyvegetablesagain 原因状语从句 3 原因状语从句原因状语从句通常由because as since nowthat considering that seeing that 等词引导 because语气较强 用以回答why问句as语气较弱 较口语化 所表示的原因较明显 since语气较弱 常表对方已知的事实 相当于汉语的 既然 6 ieatpotatoes ilikethem 我吃土豆是因为我喜欢土豆 7 ididn tknowtheway iaskedapoliceman 我由于不知道路 因而问警察 8 youwon thelpme i llasksomeoneelse 你既然不帮我 那我就请别人帮我 because as since 1 ididn tbuythedictionaryyesterday myauntwouldgivemeone a untilb becausec ifdbefore2 whydidyoucometoschoollatethismorning iwatchedthefootballworldcupuntil12o clocklastnight a ifb becausec sinced though 中考题型 总结 重点掌握because的用法 注 because和so不能同时用在一个句子中 原因状语从句 他是一个如此搞笑的人以至于我们大家都笑啦 heissuchafunnymanthatwealllaugh 结果状语从句 4 结果状语从句结果状语从句常用sothat suchthat等关联词引导 e g heissoyoungthathecan tgotowork 他如此小以致于他不能上班 hegotsolittlepaythathisfamilyhadtoliveonwelfaremoney 他工资很少 他的家人不得不靠救济金生活 it ssuchagoodchancethatwemustn tmissit 机会这样好 我们决不能失掉 sothat so that such that sothat 以便 结果 表目的和结果 注意 在从句中有情态动词表目的 无情态动词表结果 so that 如此的 以致于 表结果 该结构常见于 1 so 形 副 that2 so 形 a an 单数名词 that3 so many much 复数名词 不可数名词 thatsuch that 如此的 以致于 表结果 该结构常见于 1 such a an 形 名词 that2 such 形 复数名词 不可数名词 that sothat既可引导目的状语从句 又可引导结果状语从句 区别这两种从句的办法有两个 1 目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can could may might等 2 从意思上看 目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确 例如 speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou 目的状语从句 jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest 结果状语从句 itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses hehassolittletimethathecan tgotothecinemawithyou 记 注 名词前由many much little few等词修饰时 用so 不用such 我做这个动作是为了站稳 idothisactioninorderthaticanstandstill 目的状语从句 5 目的状语从句目的状语从句常由sothat inorderthat等词引导 目的状语从句常用助动词may might shall should will would can could 目的状语从句常放于主句之后 例 speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou 你要讲得清楚 他们才听得懂 hespokeslowlyinorderthateveryoneshouldunderstand 他讲得很慢以便人人能听懂 theysetoutearly theymightarrivethereintime takeyourraincoat itshouldrain theboyhidhimselfbehindthetree hisfathershouldseehim sothat inorderthat incase incase forfearthat 练一练 4 i dliketoarrive20minutesearly icanhavetimeforacupoftea a assoonasb asaresultc incased sothat5 you dbettertakesomethingtoreadwhenyougotoseethedoctor youhavetowait a evenifb asifc incased inorderthat iftheroachesdon tdie i lldie 条件状语从句 不许动 除非我允许你动 don tmoveunlessiallowyoutomove 主将从现hewon tbelateunlessheisill hurryup oryou llbelate ifyoudon thurryup you llbelate 祈使句 and or 陈述句 条从studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam ifyoustudyhard youwillpasstheexam 6 条件状语从句条件状语从句表示条件 关联词常用if或unless as so longas if once as solongas asfaras unless等 ifitsnowstomorrow wewillbuildasnowman 明天如果下雪 我们就堆雪人 you llcatchacoldunlessyouputonyourcoat 你会感冒的除非你穿上大衣 hewilldoanythingaslongasitisinteresting 只要有趣 他什么都愿意干 1 youtouchanenglishperson youshouldsay sorry 2 theyaredirty certainseasarenotabletocleanthemselves 3 wedon tloseheart we llfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty 4 iknowyoushouldn thaveanyproblemthere if once aslongas asfaras 练一练 you llbelate youdon tgetupearlytomorrowmorning a ifb whenc befored untilifhe ontime wewillgowithouthima doesn tcomeb don tcomec didn tcomeifyou himtomorrow pleaseaskhimifhe toworkonthefarmwithus a see goesb willsee goesc willsee willgod see willgo 中考题型 总结 条件状语从句考的频率比较高 主要考查if连词和if引导的从句与主句的时态 主将从现 条件状语从句 如果 是否 7 让步状语从句让步状语从句 表示 虽然 尽管 即使 等概念 常用的关联词有 though although eventhough等 thoughhewasill hewasstillworking 他虽然有病 但仍然继续工作 althoughitisdifficult weshalldoit 此事虽难 但我们还是要做 eventhoughyousayso idonotbelieveit 即使你这样说 我也不信 注 though和although可以互换 只是although比较正式 though不可以与连词but连用 但可以与yet still连用 例 thoughheworkedhard hecouldn tpasstheexam 虽然他很努力 但还是没通过考试 1 让步状语从句通常由although though等连词引导 例如 thoughheisyoung heknowsalot althoughiamtired imustgoonworking 2 although though 不能用在同一个句子中 例如 我们不能说 thoughitwasraininghard buthestillwentout 应该说 thoughitwasraininghard hestillwentout 或itwasraininghard buthestillwentout 1 heisold heworkshard 2 yousayso idon tbelieveit 3 smart heis hedoesn tstudyhard 4 theoldtowermustbesaved thecost a howeverb whateverc whicheverd wherever although though eventhough evenif as 练一练 8 比较状语从句 比较状语从句常用than或as as themore themore等引导 than表示两者的比较 as as表示程度相同的比较 themore themore 表示 越 越 例 thatbookismoreinterestingthanthisone 那本书比这本有趣 herunsasfastasi do 他和我跑得一样快 themoreiseehim thelessilikehim 我越看他就越不喜欢 1 hedoesn tworksohard youdo 2 themoreyouworry you llsucceed 3 shedidworseinthetest sheexpected as theless than 练一练 9 方式状语从句方式状语从句由as asif asthough等引导 例如 youcandoitaswhatijustdid icouldn tmovedmylegs itwasasiftheywerestucktothefloor hesoundsasthoughhe sgotasorethroat 注 1 比较状语从句后面的主语在口语中常用宾格 如果后面的句子主语为主格时 可以加助动词 情态动词等 hecanjumphigherthanican 他能比我跳得高 hecamelaterthanlileidid 他比李磊来得晚 注 2 becauseof和because的区别 becauseof后加名词代词或动名词 不加句子 而because加句子 例 becauseofhisillness hedidn tgotowork 因为生病 他没上班 becausehewasill hedidn tgotowork 在条件和时间状语从句中 如果主句用将来时 从句常用一般现在时 ifitdoesn train we llgofishing 明天不下雨我们就去钓鱼 assoonashecomesback i lllethimknowit 他一回来 我就让他知道这事 if构成条件从句时意为 如果 可以放句首也可以放主句后 构成宾语从句时意为 是否 一般放主句后 例如 idon tknowifhewillcometomorrow 宾从 我不知道他明天是否来 ifhecomes i lltellyou i lltellyouifhecomes 如果他来 我会告诉你 iwillgivethetickettohim 我一见到他 theforeignfriendshavevisitedalotofcities 自从他们到中国以来 mrgreenwon tgo 直到你回来 icouldrideabike 当我10岁时 ibegantodosomedrawing 我完成作业后 hehastosendhisdaughtertoschool 他上班之前 assoonasiseehim sincetheycametochina untilyoucomeback wheniwas10yearsold afterifinishedmyhomework beforehegoestowork 1 他一到家 我就告诉他这件事 iwilltellhimaboutit 2 我喜欢吃苹果 因为这对我的健康有好处 iliketoeatapples 3 他和汤姆跑的一样快 he tom 4 jack太穷 他买不起这本书 couldn tbuythebook 5 直到爸爸回来他才读完这本书 hisfathercameback 根据中文完成句子 hedidn tfinishreadingthebookuntil becauseit sgoodformyhealth runsasfastas jackwassopoorthathe assoonashegetshome 模拟试题 答题时间 50分钟 1 didhetellyou attheschoolgate a whohewaitedforb whoishewaitingc whodidhewaitford whohewaswaiting 2 doyouknow a whoisheb whatheisc whatished whoheis a d 3 idon tknow a wheredoeshecomefromb wherehedoescomefromc wherehecomefromd wherehecomesfrom 4 excuseme couldyoutellme gettotheplane certainly gostraightalonghere a howcanweb howwecanc wherecanwed wherewecan d b 5 theteacheraskedthenewstudent classhewasin a whichb wherec howd when 6 doyouknow afterschooleveryday a whatdoeshedob hedoeswhatc whathedoesd doeshedowhat a c 7 haveyoudecided withme a whowillyougob whowillgoc whowentd whodidyougo 8 heaskedme a whodidkickthefirstgoalintheworldcupb whenwastheapecmeetingheldc whenchinabecameamemberofthewtod wherewillthe2008olympicbeheld b c 9 katehasgonetoshanghaiandidon tknow tomorrow a whenshecallsmeb whenshewillcallmec whendoesshecallmed whenwillshecallme 10 wheredoeshecomefrom pardon iaskedwhere a didhecomefromb hecamefromc hecomesfromd doeshecomefrom 11 ididn tknow atthemeetingyesterday a whattosayb tosaywhatc whytosayd tosaywhy b a b 12 couldyoutellme a whattimetheplaneleavesb whattimetheplaneleavec whattimedidtheplaneleaved whattimewilltheplaneleave 13 doyouknow sheknowsit a whatb ifc whend what 14 boysandgirls didyouhear isaid a thatb whatc itd those 15 youmustremember a whatyourteachersaidb whatdidyourteachersayc yourteachersaidwhatd whathasyourteachersaid b b a a 16 iwatchedthatmanforalongtimeandwantedtoknow a whetherihaveseenhimbeforeb whereihadseenhimbeforec thatihadseenhimbefored whendidiseehim 17 doyouknow sorry idon tknow youmayaskthewomanoverthere a whentheshopopensb whenistheshopopenc whendoestheshopopend whenwilltheshopopen 18 doyouknowwhyshe mr wangtomorrow shehaschangedhermind a won tvisitb didn tvisitc doesn tvisitd hasn tvisit a a b 19 couldyoutellme withthebrokenwindow a whatishoulddob whatshouldidoc howtodd howishoulddo 20 doyouknow theymovedheresoonaftertheirsonwasborn a whenwouldthegreensmovehereb whenthegreensmovedherec thegreenswouldmovehered whenthegreenswouldmovehere 21 idon tknowwhenhe backfromengland a willcomeb comec comesd coming b a a 22 whatdidyoursonsayintheletter hetoldmethathe thedisneyworldthenextday a willvisitb hasvisitedc isgoingtovisitd wouldvisit 23 ifhe hardernexttime hewillcatchupwithus a workb workedc worksd willw