阅读理解专题--推理判断题.doc

2015年阅读理解专题-推理判断题一.考纲解读：设题角度: (1)细节推断题 (2). 推断隐含意义 (3). 推断作者观点或态度 (4). 推断写作目的 (5). 推断文章出处(6). 推断上下文内容等4.设问方式:It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know/learn (about) that is most likely .The writers attitude toward is_.The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.The passage implies that _.In writing the passage, the author intends to _. The passage is most likely to be taken from_.Where would this passage most probably appear?The next paragraph would most probably deal with _二. 技巧点拨 1. 细节推断题。根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等.一般可根据短文提供的信息,或结合生活常识来推断 要吃透文章的字面意思，捕捉有用的提示和线索对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。【题例1】In September, 1940, my mother, sister and I went to Swansea, where my fathers ship was getting ready to sail, we brought him a family photograph to be kept with him at all times and keep him safe. (2011湖南卷B篇) （1.5分钟）61. We can infer that the mother and children went to Swansea _. A. to meet a friend B. to see the father off C. to take a family photo D. to enjoy the sailing of the ship 【题例2】Understanding why members of her family and her friends would be there, AT asked why her dance teacher had traveled so far to see her compete(比赛). “Shes always been my role model. Ive danced with her since I was six. Shes been through so many difficulties and came through them all. Ive learned to get over bad lifes experiences and learned how to move on because of her.”(the fourth paragraph) (2012全国大纲卷 E篇) （2分钟）57. Shelley takes her dance teachers as a role model mainly because she is _.A. determined B. friendly C. strict D. experienced2. 隐含意义题这类题目往往要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事情。这类试题的题干中常含infer，suggest，imply，indicate，conclude，be likely to等词语。【题例1】I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves，and most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of.In fact，I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives(观点) by creating worlds we could step into，take part in and live in. 41. What can be inferred about the author as a child?A. He never watched TV. B. He read what he had to.C. He found reading unbelievable. D. He considered reading part of his life.【题例2】A year after graduation, I was offered a position teaching a writing class. Teaching was a profession I had never seriously considered, though several of my stories had been published. I accepted the job without hesitation, as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis. My father went by the same name, and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us confused. “Wait a minute” someone might say, “are you talking about Mr. Davis the retired man, or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar?” The position was offered at the last minute, and I was given two weeks to prepare, a per iod I spent searching for briefcase (公文包) and standing before my full-length mirror, repeating the words, “Hello, class. Im Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came, my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor, but rather a 12-year-old boy. I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards, and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required. “All right then,” I said. “Okey, here we go.” Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond this moment. I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk, offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day. I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk, overlooking a forests of hands. Every student would yell. “Calm down, youll all get your turn. One at a time, one at a time!” A terrible silence ruled the room, and seeing no other opinions, I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment. 36. The author took the job to teach writing because _.A. he wanted to be expected B. he had written some storiedC. he wanted to please his father D. he had dreamed of being a teacher37. What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 2?A. He would be aggressive in his first class.B. He was well-prepared for his first class.C. He got nervous upon the arrival of his first class.D. He waited long for the arrival of his first class.38. Before he started his class, the author asked the students to _.A. write down their suggestions on the paper cardsB. cut maple leaves out of the construction paperC. cut some cards out of the construction paperD. write down their names on the paper cards39. What did the students do when the author started his class?A. They began to talk. B. They stayed silent.C. They raised their hands. D. They shouted to be heard.40. The author chose the composition topic probably because _.A. he got disappointed with his first classB. he had prepared the topic before classC. he wanted to calm down the studentsD. he thought it was an easy topic3. 态度判断题 这类题目一般分为两类：一是作者或文中人物对某一具体事物的观点、看法；另一类是作者或文中人物对另一人物的评价。解答时要根据作者在文中的措辞来推断作者的弦外之音，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词等。另外还要兼顾全文，不能以作者或文中人物在某句话或某段落中的态度来概括其在全文中的态度，而是应当进行综合、归纳，得出最终结论。【题例2】Modern inventions have speeded up peoples lives amazingly. Motor cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour，aircraft cross the world inside a day，while computers operate at lightning speed. Indeed，this love of speed seems neverending. Every year motor cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts(吹嘘) of saving precious seconds in handling tasks.All this saves time，but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane，our bodies tell us so. We get the uncomfortable feeling known as jetlag；our bodies feel that they have been left behind in another time zone. Again，spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers. Mobile phones also have their dangers，according to some scientists；too much use may transmit harmful radiation into our brains，a consequence we do not like to think about.However，what do we do with the time we have saved？Certainly not relax，or so it seems. We are so accustomed to constant activity that we find it difficult to sit and do nothing，or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio，letting imagination take us into another world. （5分钟）70. What is the authors attitude towards the modern technology?A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Optimistic.D. Negative.总结：说明文中作者的态度: objective （ ）；neutral（ ）；在议论文中，有：(1)positive（ ） (2)negative（ ） (3)neutral （ ） (4)approva（ ） (5) disapproval（ ） (6) indifferen（ ）(7)sarcastic（ ） (8)critical（ ）(9)optimistic（ ） (10)pessimistic（ ）4. 意图推断题写作目的通常有以下三种：常见于故事类的文章: to make people laugh(to entertain); to tell an interesting experience 常见于广告类的文章: to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience (to introduce)To inform readers 【题例】Have you winterized your horse yet？Even though global warming may have made our climate more mild，many animals are still hibernating(冬眠). Its too bad that humans cant hibernate.In fact，as a species，we almost did.Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous，as anxiety may set in.Medical science doesnt help much in this case.It offers us medicines for a full nights continuous sleep，which sounds natural；however，according to Warrens theory，it is really the opposite of what we need. 70. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A. To analyze the sleep pattern of modern people. B. To throw new light on human sleep.C. To give a prescription for insomnia. D. To urge people to sleep less.5. 推断文章出处【题例】Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount. For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine. 22. This text is most probably taken from a _. A. textbook B. newsreel C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicine6. 推断上下文内容Question forms: The next paragraph would most probably deal with _The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss _.2. 解题技巧 推测下文的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段开始的几句话。【题例】When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. 15. The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _. A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization （城市化）总结1.推断隐含意义,必须吃透相关文段的意思。 2.推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句,同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的3.推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。4.推断下文的内容，必须特别关注最后一段的内容,尤其是最后的两三句话。 【真题演练*2014全国课标I】BPassenger pigeons(旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914.24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons _.A. were the biggest bird in the worldB. lived mainly in the south of AmericaC. did great harm to the natural environmentD. were the largest bird population in the US25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons _.A. escape B. ruin C. liberationD. evolution26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A. To seek pleasure .B. To save other birds. C. To make money.D. To protect crops.27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A. It was ignored by the public. B. It was declared too late.C. It was unfair. D. It was strict.【真题演练*2014全国课标II】COne of the latest trend（趋势） in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004. And thats true all across the country.“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of s company, says of his 2-year old son. “I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the future,” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says. Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China. S