高考英语一轮总复习 阅读与写作 自然灾害类课件 牛津译林版.ppt

阅读与写作 6 自然灾害类自然灾害是地球上的自然变异 包括人类活动诱发的自然变异 无时无地不在发生 当这种变异给人类带来危害时 即构成自然灾害 其中地震 火山 泥石流 海啸 台风 洪水等突发自然灾害会给人们生活带来重大影响 美文赏析sohere sthebadnewsforthe5 3millionnewyorkcityworkerswhodependonthesubwaystogetfromplacetoplace theentiresystem all1 050kmand468stationsofit isshutdown muchofitfloodedwithcorrosive 腐蚀性的 saltwater themetropolitantransitauthority mta freelyadmitsithasneverfacedanythinglikethesevere damagefromhurricanesandy andhasabsolutelynoideawhenthesystemwillbeupandrunning we llknowitaftereverythingisdone saysmtaspokesmancharlesseaton butthegoodnewsis well nevermind thereisn tany really it sthatbad andifthere snotellingwhenthingswillberepaired there sevenlesswaysofknowingwhattheeventualpricetag willbe yes therearelessonstobelearnedfromthecurrent emergencyforbothnewyorkitselfandurbanplannerseverywhere thequestioniswhetherthey llbeheeded newyork swoes 难题 arepartlyafunction newyork ssubwaysystemis108yearsold itstunnelsandstationsarelocatedclosetoorunderriversandharbors andwaterseepage 渗水 isunavoidable wehavethreepumptrains 300pumproomsanddozensofportablepumpsaroundthesystem saysseaton evenonadaywhenthere snorain wepumpout13milliongallonsofwater hurricanesandy ofcourse putalotmorestressonthesystemthananordinaryrainlessday floodwaterinlowermanhattanroseto4 2m beatingtherecordof3msetbyhurricanedonnain1960 muchofmanhattanbelow40thst iswithoutelectricity nosubwaysystemwilleverbetrulyimmune toweatherevents thisisespeciallysoingreatcitieslikenewyork whoseverygreatnessinpartdependsontheirnearnesstorivers harborsandotherbodiesofwater butspendingmoneyonthecity sbasictransportsystemisperfectlypossible andindeedessential thatkindofpreventiveinvestmentalwaysseemstooexpensiveatfirst butonlyuntilyou resuddenlyfacedwiththemuchhigherrepairbillsnewyorkisdealingwithtoday andasoceanscontinuetowarmandsealevelscontinuetorise theproblemisonlygettingworse inthepast20years hurricanesandrew floyd katrina rita dean irene isaacandothershavetriedtoremindusofthatsimpletruth nowhurricanesandyisaddinghervoice oneofthesedays wemightactuallylisten 解题导语 本文是议论文 作者分析了飓风 桑迪 导致纽约地铁被淹的原因 并提出了建议 一 阅读与积累1 攻克疑难词汇 severeadj 严重的 tagn 标签 currentadj 当前的 现在的 functionn 功能 作用 职能thefunctionofacash machineistoprovidepeoplewithcashwhenbankisshut 自动提款机的作用是在银行已关闭的时候让人提取现金 immuneadj 不受影响的theyarealwayssorudethati vealmostbecomeimmunetoit 他们总是如此粗暴无礼 我都几乎习以为常了 essentialadj 基本的 2 攻克疑难句thatkindofpreventiveinvestmentalwaysseemstooexpensiveatfirst butonlyuntilyou resuddenlyfacedwiththemuchhigherrepairbillsnewyorkisdealingwithtoday 结构分析本句为主从复合句 until引导时间状语从句 newyorkisdealingwithtoday是定语从句 修饰repairbills 尝试翻译这种预防性的投资开始看起来太昂贵了 但是当你突然遇到了今天纽约面临的高额维修费用时 你就不会这样觉得了 二 理解与书面表达1 理解文章主旨thepassagemainlytellsusthereasonswhythesubwaysinnewyorkwasfloodedbyhurricanesandyandsomesuggestionstoimprovethecity sbasictransportsystem2 理解与书面表达文中画线的句子结构除使用了倒装句式之外 还使用了 从句 答案定语 3 精通句式 定语从句 1 说明在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫定语从句 定语从句属于较为复杂的语法结构 熟练地使用定语从句也是高考英语写作的一项基本要求 根据内容要点在短文中适当地运用定语从句有助于提高写作的得分 引导定语从句的关系词主要有关系代词that which who whom whose和关系副词when where why两大类 关系代词代表先行词 并在定语从句中充当主语 宾语 表语和定语 关系副词代表先行词 并在定语从句中分别作时间 地点和原因状语 此外还有关系词as及其构成的thesame as such as 句式 2 例句感悟 thechildwhoisreadingthereisthemonitor iwillneverforgetthedaywhenijoinedthearmy thisisthebestfilmthatihaveeverseen iliveinthehousewhosewindowsopentothesouth asachild heusedtoworkhardandhelphisfatheronthesmallfarmwheretheylived 3 用定语从句翻译下面的句子 你们是一支全球闻名的乐队 我写这份电子邮件想向您征求一些建议 这些建议能帮助我们成立乐队 我们对你们唱的歌曲很感兴趣 我们也想学习你们唱歌的方法 我们想让你们给我们的乐队起个名字 答案 youareamusicbandthatiswell knownallovertheworld i mwritingthise mailtoaskyouforsomesuggestions whichcanhelpusformaband weareallinterestedthesongsthatyousing wealsowanttolearnthewayyousingthesongs wealsowantabandnamethatyougiveus 4 假如你是李华 加入适当的连词或句子将上面的五句话改写成一封给凤凰传奇 phoenixlegend 的电子邮件 参考范文 dearphoenixlegend i mlihua sinceyouareamusicbandthatiswell knownallovertheworld i mwritingthise mailtoaskyouforsomesuggestions whichcanhelpusforma