Solaris10下安装Oracle10g.doc

一、系统要求1、至少512M物理内存;检查命令：# /usr/sbin/prtconf | grep Memory size2、交换空间的设置;检查命令：# /usr/sbin/swap -s实际内存建议交换空间大小-不超过1G2倍于内存1G-2G1.5倍于内存2G-8G与内存相同超过8G0.75倍于内存3、/tmp目录至少400M空闲空间;检查命令：# df -k /tmp4、oracle软件所需空间大约3G，详细可见如下;检查命令：# df -k企业版 2G空间标准版 1.5G空间自定义(最大) 2.5G空间5、数据库文件默认所需空间1.2G左右(视你的实际情况而定);检查命令：# df -k6、确认系统架构(主要确认是装32bit还是64bit版本);检查命令：# /bin/isainfo -kv返回的结果应该是32-bit i386 kernel modules二、准备工作检查安装oracle10g的依赖包是否存在，如没有则安装# pkginfo -i SUNWarc SUNWbtool SUNWhea SUNWlibm SUNWlibms SUNWsprot SUNWsprox SUNWtoo SUNWi1of SUNWi1cs SUNWi15cs SUNWxwfnt按照官方文档中的要求，应该包含下列的包： - SUNWarc SUNWbtool SUNWhea SUNWlibm SUNWlibms SUNWsprot SUNWtoo SUNWi1of SUNWi1cs SUNWi15cs SUNWxwfnt如果提示有包没有找到，可以通过下列命令安装：安装包在安装光盘的/Solaris_10/Product目录下，将包复制到/var/spool/pkg目录下，然后执行# pkgadd -R /cdrom/solaris_10/product/SUNWi15cs all提示：一般会提示SUNWi1cs,SUNWi15cs,SUNWsprot三个包未找到，这三个包应该不装也没有影响，反正俺是没有装，只是在安装前的环境检查中提示警告信息，但不影响安装进程。三、配置安装环境1、配置核心参数，# vi /etc/system ，将下列内容加入该文件。 setnoexec_user_stack=1 setsemsys:seminfo_semmni=100 setsemsys:seminfo_semmns=1024 setsemsys:seminfo_semmsl=256 setsemsys:seminfo_semvmx=32767 setshmsys:shminfo_shmmax=4294967295 setshmsys:shminfo_shmmin=1 setshmsys:shminfo_shmmni=100 setshmsys:shminfo_shmseg=10提示：上述修改在生产系统需要根据实际情况调整2、创建相关目录，用户，组等#groupadddba #groupaddoinstall #useradd-goinstall-Gdba-d/export/home/oracle-moracle #passwdoracle #创建用户和组完成，下面创建目录，目录位置你根据自己情况定吧，注意磁盘的空闲空间。这里我们创建到opt目录下。 #su-oracle $mkdir/export/home/oracle/ora10g $mkdir/export/home/oracle/ora10g/product $mkdir/export/home/oracle/ora10g/oradata$chown -R oracle:oinstall /export/home/oracle$chmod -R 755 oracle:oinstall /export/home/oracle/3、配置oracle用户的环境变量$file，增加下列内容(根据你的实际目录情况修改)： exportORACLE_BASE=/export/home/oracle/ora10g exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1 exportORACLE_SID=jssweb exportNLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/ccs/bin:/usr/local/bin exportTMPDIR=/var/tmp exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/network/lib:/lib64:/usr/local/lib umask022四、安装ORACLE10GR2终于要开始安装了，以oracle用户启动到视窗状态，打开一个终端。$ cd /export/home/resource/database -进入安装目录$ ./runInstaller -调用安装命令五、oracle数据库创建oracle 登录，介入命令：sqlplus /nologconn / as sysdba接下来，看看当前数据库文件放在哪里select name from v$datafile;NAME-/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf/oracle/oradata/orcl/cwmlite01.dbf/oracle/oradata/orcl/drsys01.dbf/oracle/oradata/orcl/indx01.dbf/oracle/oradata/orcl/tools01.dbf说明数据文件是放在/export/home/oracle/ora10g/oradata/oracle/这个目录下的create tablespace 表空间名 datafile 对应的文件名 size 大小;举例如下对于上述的windows情况create tablespace oracle datafile D:“oracle“oradata“orcl“oracle00.dbf size 3000m;3000m指的是3000MB对于上述的Linux的情况create tablespace oracle datafile/export/home/oracle/ora10g/oradata/oracle/oracle00.dbf size 3000m;至此，所需的表空间已建立。接下来开始创建用户，创建用户的命令格式如下create user 用户名 identified by 密码 default tablespace 用户默认使用哪一个表空间;修改用户的权限grant 角色1,角色2 to 用户名;举例如下create tablespace oracle datafile/export/home/oracle/ora10g/oradata/oracle/oracle00.dbf size 50m;create user oracle identified by oracle default tablespace oracle;grant dba, connect to oracle;六、多实例监听的配置三种情况：1、一个监听在一个IP一个端口上监听多个实例2、一个监听在不同IP不同端口上监听多个实例3、多个监听监听多个实例情况1：listener.ora文件，# LISTENER.ORA Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/9.2/network/admin/listener.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.LISTENER =(DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 01)(PORT = 1521) ) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC) ) )SID_LIST_LISTENER =(SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/9.2) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora9) (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/9.2) (SID_NAME = ora9) ) (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = B3) (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/9.2) (SID_NAME = B3) )tnsnames.ora文件，# TNSNAMES.ORA Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/9.2/network/admin/tnsnames.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.ora9 =(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 01)(PORT = 1521) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = ora9) )B3 =(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 01)(PORT = 1521) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = B3) )INST1_HTTP =(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 01)(PORT = 1521) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = SHARED) (SERVICE_NAME = MODOSE) (PRESENTATION = http:/HRService) )EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PLSExtProc) (PRESENTATION = RO) )情况2：# LISTENER.ORA Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/9.2/network/admin/listener.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.LISTENER =(DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 01)(PORT = 1521) (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 01)(PORT = 1522) ) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC) ) )SID_LIST_LISTENER =(SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/9.2) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora9) (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/9.2) (SID_NAME = ora9) ) (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = B3) (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/9.2) (SID_NAME = B3) )tnsname.ora文件# TNSNAMES.ORA Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/9.2/network/admin/tnsnames.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.ora9 =(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 01)(PORT = 1521) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = ora9) )B3 =(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 01)(PORT = 1522) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = B3) )INST1_HTTP =(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 01)(PORT = 1521) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = SHARED) (SERVICE_NAME = MODOSE) (PRESENTATION = http:/HRService) )EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =(DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC) ) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = PLSExtProc) (PRESENTATION = RO) )情况3：# LISTENER.ORA Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/9.2/network/admin/listener.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.LISTENER1 =(DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 01)(PORT = 1521) ) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC) ) )SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =(SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/9.2) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ora9) (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/9.2) (SID_NAME = ora9) )LISTENER2 =(DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 01)(PORT = 1521) ) (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC) ) )SID_LIST_LISTENER2 =(SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/9.2) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = B3) (ORACLE_HOME = /opt/oracle/product/9.2) (SID_NAME = B3)tnsnames.ora文件同一。改完配置并启动两个实例后，可用tnsping的方法测试一下两个连接的连通性，并用lsnrctl status检查一下监听状态。据某些资料介绍，在windows下，可从服务中启动多个实例，再启动listener监听服务。-如果你想从客户端访问不同实例，可用下列方法：如果是sqlplus /nolog方式访问，你必须修改当前用户的环境变量ORACLE_SID，将值设为当前的访问实例SID。如ORACLE_SID=ora9, 或ORACLE_SID=B3。如果从网络客户端访问，你只要指定不同的连接字符串（在tnsnames.ora中定义的）即可，如sqlplus sys/change_on_installora9 as sysdbasqlplus sys/change_on_installoB3 as sysdba静态注册和动态注册总结若有不对的地方，一定要指出。我也是在学习论坛上各位的发言后总结的。一、什么是注册？注册就是将数据库作为一个服务注册到监听程序。客户端不需要知道数据库名和实例名，只需要知道该数据库对外提供的服务名就可以申请连接到数据库。这个服务名可能与实例名一样，也有可能不一样。在数据库服务器启动过程中，数据库服务器会向监听程序注册相应的服务（无论何时启动一个数据库，默认地都有两条信息注册到监听器中：数据库服务器对应的实例和服务。）相当于是这样：在数据库服务器和客户端之间有一监听程序（Listener），在监听程序中，会记录相应数据库对应的服务名（一个数据库可能对应有多个服务名），当客户端需要连接数据库时，只需要提供服务名，就可以建立客户端和服务器之间的连接。二、静态注册静态注册就是实例启动时读取listener.ora文件的配置，将实例和服务注册到监听程序。无论何时启动一个数据库，默认地都有两条信息注册到监听器中：数据库服务器对应的实例和服务。静态注册时，listener.ora中的GLOBAL_DBNAME向外提供服务名，listener.ora中的SID_NAME提供注册的实例名。采取静态注册方法时，listener.ora中的内容如下：SID_LIST_LISTENER =(SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = D:oracleproduct10.2.0db_1) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME =orcl) (ORACLE_HOME = D:oracleproduct10.2.0db_1) (SID_NAME =orcl) ) (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME =orcl1) (ORACLE_HOME = D:oracleproduct10.2.0db_1) (SID_NAME =orcl) )该文件表明数据库是单实例的，实例名为orcl，向外提供了两个服务：orcl和orcl1三、动态注册动态注册是在instance启动的时候PMON进程根据init.ora中的instance_name,service_names两个参数将实例和服务动态注册到listener中。首先要在init.ora中指定instance_name,service_names两个参数的值。在sqlplus下通过show parameter service_names 和show parameter instance_name可以查看这两个参数的值。注册到监听器中的实例值从init.ora文件中的instance_name参数取得。如果该参数没有设定值，那么它将取init.ora文件中的db_name的值。注册到监听器中的服务值从init.ora文件中的参数service_names取得。如果该参数没有设定值，数据库将拼接init.ora文件中的db_name和db_domain的值来注册自己。如果选择提供service_names值，您可以使用完全限定的名称（比如)或缩写的名称（比如orcl）。如果选择缩写的名称并设置了db_domain参数，注册到监听器中的服务将是service_name值和db_domain值的拼接。例如下面的设置将导致服务orcl.ora