定语从句when和where的区分.doc

一、考查关系词的指代及其在从句中所作的语法成分 定语从句要由关系词来引导,关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有:who, whose, whom, that, which 等;关系副词有:when,where,why等。除that只引导限定性定语从句外,其余的关系词既可以引导限定性定语从句,也可以引导非限定性定语从句。 要点提示:要正确使用关系词,就须将两个方面结合起来考虑:一方面是看看关系词所指代的先行词的类属;另一方面是准确分析关系词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。若指人,作主语用who,作宾语用whom(可以省略),作定语用whose(还可指物);若指物且作主语或宾语,则用which(在非限定性定语从句中,也可指代一个情形,即主句全部内容。无论作主语还是作宾语,均不可省略)或that(还能指人,作宾语时,可以省略);作状语指时间用when,指地点用where,指原因用why等。 考题: 1.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor. (MET88) A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose 2.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _ of course, made the others unhappy. (NMET2000) A.who B.which C.this D.what 3.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. (NMET96) A.which B.where C.that D.when 4.Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much.(NMET99) A.it B.that C.when D.which 5.I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. (NMET95短文改错) 答案及简析: 1.答案为D。此处关系词指代的是anyone,而且作从句中的定语。 2.答案为B。该题旨在考查非限定性定语从句的引导词,只能在A,B之间选择,可是这里并未指人,而是指主句所谈情况,为此,只能选B。 3.答案为B。关系词指代地点the small town,同时在定语从句中充当状语。 4.答案为D。不可认为指代时间by October而误选C。其实,稍加分析就可清楚关系词指代的是主句全部内容且作doubt的宾语而非状语。 5.此题先行词是表时间的名词evenings,但在从句中用作spent的宾语而不是状语,故须将when改为that/which或去掉when。 二、 考查关系词的搭配方式 关系词的搭配方式主要是指as及作提前介词宾语的which和whom的搭配方式。 (一)as的搭配方式 要点提示:1. 在限定性定语从句中,常见的搭配方式有:the same.as,as.as,not so / as.as, such.as 等。 2.在非限定性定语从句中,常见的搭配方式有:as we all know(=as is known to us all),as is said(reported,mentioned,etc.)above,as it is等,可置于句首、句中或句末。 考题: _ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.(NMET2001) A. It B. As C. That D. What 答案与简析:答案为B.显而易见,为一固定搭配方式.As引导的是非限定性定语从句。 (二)which和whom的搭配方式 要点提示:1.多用于限定性定语从句中,作提前介词的宾语,即介词+which/whom.介词的使用要依据定语从句中动词短语的构成方式而定。 2.在作从句主语时,往往套用:名词(代词、数词等)+of+which/whom.多见于非限定性定语从句中。 考题: 1.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. (NMET92) A.to whom B.who C.from whom D.that 2.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows,most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year. (MET90) A.these B.those C.that D.which 3.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. (2000上海) A.which price B.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose 答案与简析: 1.答案为A。turn to sb. for help 是一固定搭配方式。 2.答案为D。which指代ten windows且作of的宾语,that不能用在非限定性定语从句中,也不能与介词一起提前作宾语。 3.答案为B。which指代the ancient Chinese vase,与the price构成所属关系。 三、考查使用that的情况及关系词的省略现象 (一)只能使用that的情况 要点提示: 1.由不定代词anything,nothing,everything,all, one, little,few,much等充当先行词时; 2. 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时; 3.当先行词被no,the same,the very, the only等修饰时; 4. 当先行词既指人又指物时; 5. 主句是以who开头的疑问句时. 考题: All _ is needed is a supply of oil. (MET89) A.the thing B.that C.what D.which 答案与简析:答案为B,因为先行词是由不定代词all充当的。 (二)关系词的省略现象 要点提示:除作宾语的关系代词whom,which,that可以省略外,先行词为way,time等时,可将that省略,其中way还可以由in which来引导。 考题: I dont like_you speak to her.(1993上海) A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which 答案与简析:答案为A.根据句意:我并不喜欢你对她讲话的方式,理应选the w