高考英语一轮复习精品语法学案_专题3_代词[1].doc

代词可以使语句简洁、干脆利落，因此也是高考的一个重要考点。代词多出现在单项填空和阅读理解中。从近几年的高考题来看，代词的考点主要集中在不定代词以及it的用法上。命题点：(1)不同代词的语义功能和语法功能；(2)不同代词之间的意义区别。 一、代词的基本用法 类别 词义 例句 备注 人称代词 主格：I/we/you/he /she/it/they宾格：me/us/you /him/her it/them Who is there？ Its me. Does any of you know where Tom lives？Me. 作表语习惯用宾格，在电话用语中常用宾格。当人称代词孤立地用于不带谓语的句子时，一般使用宾格。 类别 词义 例句 备注 物主代词 形容词性物主代词：my/our/her/his /their名词性物主代词：mine/ours/yours/his/hers/theirs This book is hers(her book). a friend of mine 形容词性物主代词作定语；名词性物主代词作主语、宾语、表语 类别 词义 例句 备注 反身 代词 一般用来作主语和宾语的同位语，表示强调；也可用作动词或介词的宾语；有时也可作表语。 Im not myself today.help oneself (to sth.)，enjoy oneself， make oneself understood， by oneself，for oneself 类别 词义 例句 备注 指示 代词 this，these 是近指；that，those是远指 this可指代下文要讲的事；that 可指代上文提到过的事 this, that有时还可用作副词表示程度，相当于so He got up late. Thats why he was late. I cant jump that high. 类别 词义 例句 备注 相互 代词 each other用于两者或两者以上；one another 用于三者或三者以上 How are you getting on with each other？ 在现代英语中它们可通用 不定代词 all/both；either/neither；none/no one；another/the other；some/any；one/someone；anybody；everything；nothing 二、代词辨析1some与any(1)some一般用于肯定句中，但在表示请求并希望对方能给予肯定回答时，可用于疑问句中；any一般用于否定、疑问句或条件句中，但当any强调“任何一”时，用于肯定句中。something，somebody，someone的用法同some；anything，anybody，anyone的用法同any。如：Would you like to give me some if you have any?Yes, Id love to. You can come and get them any day you like. (2)some “某一”，修饰可数名词单数，暗含不知道，不便说明等。如：There must be some job you can do. 2none, nobody, no one与nothingnone既可指人又可指物，表示特指概念，其后可跟of所引导的一个范围，常回答how many和how much引导的疑问句；no one和nobody只能指人，表示泛指概念，常回答who引导的疑问句，且不可与of短语搭配，nothing只能指物，表示泛指概念，常回答what引导的疑问句。如：Who is in the reading room？ No one/ Nobody. How much petrol is left？ None. Whats in your hand？ Nothing. 3another与otheranother指三者或三者以上当中的另一个；the other指两者当中的另一个，也可接名词复数，特指其他某些人或物；other意思是“其他的”，不能单独使用，后面必须接名词，表泛指；others可指其他的人或东西，相当于other名词复数；the others特指其他某些人或物，相当于the other名词复数。4.两者 三者(或以上) 例句 both或 either all, any或every They were all very tired，but none of them would stop for a break. Do you want tea or coffee？ Either. I really dont mind. When can I come for the book？Any day you like next week. 两者三者(或以上) 例句部分否定Not both Both not Not all Allnot Not everyeverynot “Everything is not right” doesnt equal “Nothing is right” Not all of them like English. Just some do. 全部否定Neithernot either None Notany/ano Which of the two films would you like to see？ Im interested in neither. Not one of them were hurt. None of them were hurt. 5.one/that/those/it 代词 功能 例句 oneone：单数，ones：复数，泛指前面提及的人或物。one之前有形容词修饰时可以与不定冠词、定冠词、基数词、物主代词或名词所有格连用。 A bridge built of stones is stronger than one built of wood. I dont like this green apple. Please give me a red one/the red one on the table. The girls in our class are more active than those in your class. The population of China is larger than that of America. Our rules are quite different from those of other organizations. I left my pen on the desk. But now it is gone. That/thosethat、those后置定语，特指替代同类中的人或物(that一般不指人)。不可数名词只能用that it代替前文出现的同一事物，即指同类同物 三、it的几大考点1it 用作形式主语的用法当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。it用作形式主语的三类特殊句式：(1)用作动词look, seem, appear, happen, occur, follow等的主语(后接that从句或as if从句)。如：It (so) happened that I had no money with me. 碰巧我没带钱。(2)当系表结构后接有if 或when引导的状语从句时，通常在系表结构前使用形式主语表示说话人对某情况的看法。如：It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that. 他那样做使我很吃惊。(3)用于if it were not for/ if it hadnt been for(若不是因为)结构中。如：If it hadnt been for the freezing wind they could have reached the injured man in time. 要不是有刺骨的寒风，他们就能及时赶到伤员身边了。2it 用作形式宾语的用法当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，常在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。 it用作形式宾语的两类特殊句式：(1)动词itif / when从句。当enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等动词后需要接一个if或when引导的从句时，此时需要先在动词后接it作形式宾语。如：I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。(2)动词介词itthat从句。能用于此句型的主要动词短语有depend on, rely on, count on, answer for, see to等。如：Ill see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post office before twelve. 我将注意让所有的信件在12点以前送到邮局。3it 在强调句中的用法。如：It was lack of money, not of efforts, that defeated their plan. 他们的计划受挫，原因是缺少钱而不是没有尽力。Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯？ 4it 在习语中的用法。包括it的习语很多，如：make it 成功，到达take it easy 别着急，放心好了believe it or not信不信由你forget it没关系；别在意；算了吧Thats it. (口语)完了；没有了(表示某个情况已经结束)；做得对。when it comes to sth.说到，涉及5与it 有关的几个时间状语从句。Itis/has been一段时间since从句Its ages since we last met.自从我们上次见面到现在有很多年了。Itwas/will be一段时间before从句(从句用一般过去时或一般现在时)It was not long before he left Nanjing.Itwas时间点when从句(从句谓语用一般过去时)It was eight oclock when we arrived. 我们到达时是八点。 1The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper. Ait Bthose Cone Dthat【误】 只注意information是不可数名词而选择A；误把information看作是复数概念而选择B；把information理解为是单数可数名词而误选C。【正】 D句意为：因特网信息比报纸信息传播更迅速。it指代前面提到的事物，代替可数名词单数；that代替“the 可数名词单数或不可数名词”，表示特指；此处that等于“the information”，特指报纸上的信息。2To save class time, our teacher has _ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework. Aus Bwe Cour Dours【误】 认为students是名词，应该用形容词修饰，而误选C；对词性把握不够而误选B、D。【正】 A根据our teacher可知说话人是学生，us与students是同位语。has是动词，后需要跟宾语，选A。3The protection of our environment is not _ to be left to the environment. Everyone should be concerned. Anothing Banything Csomething Deverything【误】 受not的影响，容易误选anything，但anything与not连用多用来表示没有东西，与所给语境不符。 【正】 Csomething在此处表示“某事、某物”，即环境保护的事情不能留给环境本身。4【误】 I like if you help me do the work. 【正】 I like it if you help me do the work. 【解析】 like, hate, appreciate后加it才能跟从句。5你没有必要惊慌。【误】 It is no need for you to panic. 【正】 It is not necessary for you to panic. 【正】 There is no need for you to panic. 【解析】 要注意区分it作形式主语的句型和there be 引出的句型。it作形式主语时可以很容易地找到它所代替的真正的主语，而there be句型里是没有这个替代关系的。 1Do you want milk or coffee? _. I really dont mind. ANone BNeither CEither DAll【解析】 C此题考查代词none, neither, either, all 的用法。根据问句知道是两者之间进行选择，而且从答句中后一句的“我真的不介意”可知第二个人的意思是“两者中任何一个都可以”，所以用either。22009陕西卷 Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer _ of them. Aother Bany Cnone Dsome【解析】 B考查代词辨析。所填词与not构成全部否定，四个选项中只有any与not构成notany，等于none，表示全部否定，选B。3Will you see to _ that my birds are well looked after while I am away?Athem Byourself Cit Dme【解析】 C考查代词。所填词构成固定句型see to it that，意为“注意，务必，一定要做到”。选C。42010福建卷 When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson，could you please say _ for me?Aeverything Banything Csomething Dnothing【解析】 C考查代词。句意为：当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生时，能为我说说话吗？something 用在问句中是表示建议或请求，期望得到肯定回答。52010重庆卷 He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again. Aneither Beither Ceach Dall【解析】 B考查代词词义辨析。这里用nevereither表示“两者都不”，相当于and found neither of them again。 6How do you find your new classmates?Most of them are kind, but _ is so good to me as Bruce. Anone Bno one Cevery one Dsome one【解析】 A考查代词的用法。根据but一词确定应该从A、B中挑选。有一定范围的用none，相当于none of my new classmates。no one不必有这种范围。7Make sure youve got the passports and tickets and _ before you leave. Asomething Banything Ceverything Dnothing【解析】 C考查不定代词的用法。理解句意是关键。句意为：在你们离开前，确保你们已有了护照、票等一切东西。everything所有，一切东西；something某种东西；anything任何东西；nothing没有什么。82010山东卷 Helping others is a habit, _ you can learn even at an early age. Ait Bthat Cwhat Done【解析】 D句意为：帮助他人是一种习惯，一种你可以从小学习的习惯。one在此指a habit。9Isnt it amazing how the human body heals _ after an injury?Ahimself Bhim Citself Dit【答案】 C102010安徽卷 You are a team star！Working with _ is really your cup of tea. Aboth Beither Cothers Dthe other【解析】 C考查代词的用法。sb.s cup of tea 合乎某人的口味，使某人感兴趣的东西。others表示泛指“其他人”。112010陕西卷 The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of the city. Athat Bthis Cit Done【解析】 A本题考查代词。that 被用来替代 the cost of renting a house。在英语中，that被用来替代同一类事物。12 2010四川卷 On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby. Ahim Bhis Cme Dmine【解析】 C考查代词词义辨析。作介词宾语用人称代词的宾格。句意为：我的桌子上放着我小时候父亲给我拍的一张照片。13We should save some food for _ who arrives late. Theres no need. _ is here. Aanyone; Everyone Beveryone; AnyoneCanyone; Anyone Deveryone; Everyone【解析】 A考查代词辨析。句意为：“我们应该留着些吃的给来晚的人。”“没有必要。大家都到齐了。”第一个空anyone(任何人)是先行词，后面跟who引导的定语从句；第二个空的everyone指“大家；每个人”，选A。 14I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _. Aeverything Banything Cnothing Dnone【解析】 Anoteverything 部分否定，不是所有的都。15How can I help _ if people dont read the instructions?Athat Bit Cwhat Dthem【解析】 B考查代词。句意为：如果人们不看说明，我有什么办法呢？此处it用于谈论某种情况。1(2011吉林质量检测)There is_like the taste of a glass of cold milk it has been described as the perfect food by westerners.Asomething BanythingCnothing Deverything解析：本题考查代词。句意为：没有什么能比得上一杯凉牛奶的味道，牛奶被西方人称为完美食品。something 某事，某物；anything 任何东西，任何事物；nothing 没有什么；everything 每件事，所有事物。答案：C2(2011海南五校联考)Nine thousand guests took part in the outdoor ceremony，_that impressed so many people at the White House.Athat BthisCit Done解析：考查代词。one 指代前面提到的the outdoor ceremony，one 及其后的定语从句与前面的the outdoor ceremony是同位关系，其他代词没有这样的用法，故答案为D。答案：D3(2011苏锡常镇四市教学调查)The man has made_a rule never to regret and never to complain.Ait BthatChimself Dthis解析：考查代词的用法。it 是形式宾语，后面的不定式never to regret and never to complain作真正的宾语。答案：A4(2011黑龙江检测)He paid 30% of the price for the house，and promised to pay_by the end of the month.Athose Bthe othersCthe rest Dthe other解析：考查指代。从语意“承诺剩下的在月底支付”可知，the rest 表示“剩下的”，常用来指代前面提到的名词，选C项。答案：C5(2011湖南师大附中第三次月考)My uncle promised to buy a nice gift for my birthday，_beyond my imagination.Awhich BthatCsomething Dthe one解析：something beyond my imagination一件我意想不到的东西，作a nice gift 的同位语。答案：C6(2011山东青岛一模)Will you see to_that my birds are well looked after while I am away?Athem ByourselfCit Done解析：句意为：在我离开期间你能不能负责照顾好我的鸟？it 是形式宾语，代替后面的that 从句，see to it that.可看作固定搭配。答案：C7(2011陕西西安分科质检)May I ask for leave tomorrow?No，you cant._applying for the scholarship must be present.ASomeone BAnyoneCOne DNo one解析：anyone 表示“任何人”，即任何申请奖学金的人都必须到场。答案：B8(2011江苏南京第一次调研)Which of these two books will you take?Ill take _，in case the journey is boring.Aeither BbothCall Dneither解析：根据these two books 排除选项C；再根据in case the journey is boring 判断说话者要把两本书都带上。答案：B9(2011陕西宝鸡质检)Because they hadnt booked a room in advance，there were_left when they arrived at the hotel.Anone Bno oneCnobody Dnothing解析：句意为：因为他们没有预订房间，所以当他们到达旅馆时，没有剩余的房间了。none 指代前边出现的名词时，相当于no加那个名词，此题中none 相当于no rooms。B项是单数，与谓语不一致。答案：A10(2011陕西宝鸡质检)What do you think of the cars on the exhibition?Well，great.Bu