高中英语 Unit 3 Computers Gramma课件 新人教版必修2.ppt

unit3 thepresentperfectpassivevoice现在完成时的被动语态 grammar unit3computer lookatthefollowingsentence payingattentiontotheunderlinedpart overtimeihavebeenchangedalot thepresentperfectpassivevoice canyoupickoutmorethantwosentencesinthepresentperfectpassivevoicefromthereadingpassage 现在完成时的被动语态的谓语构成形式 theresultsoftheirexperimentshavealreadybeenpublished thepartyhasbeenplannedsincethenewyear 肯定式 have has has只用于第三人称单数 其余人称用have been 及物动词的过去分词 theyhaven tbeentoldaboutityet 否定式 及物动词的过去分词 havehisbooksbeensoldout yes soyoucan tbuyonenow 一般疑问句形式 及物动词的过去分词 have has not been have has 主语 been howmanyexperimentshavebeendonebythestudentsthismonth 特殊疑问句形式 疑问词 have has been 及物动词的过去分词 现在完成时的被动语态通常有以下两种情况 表示过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在 常与之连用的时间状语有 for 一段时间 since 时间状语 从句 thesedays sofar uptonow inthelast pastfewyears等 e g thisclasshavebeentaughtbymr brownfortwoyears hischinesehasbeenimprovedalotsincehecametochina jkrowling snovelshavebeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguagessofar 表示某被动动作对现在造成的影响或结果 常与already yet just ever never recently等连用 e g thebikehasnotbeenrepairedyet ihavealreadybeenintroducedtomr smith 注意 1 现在完成时被动语态的两个助动词 have has和been缺一不可 2 注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别 一般过去时被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去 其结果对现在没有影响 而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去 但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果 e g themachinehasbeenrepaired 机器已经修好了 说明动作发生在过去 对现在有影响 修好了 themachinewasrepairedyesterday 机器昨天修了 只说明动作发生在昨天 3 动词短语是一个不可分割的整体 在被动语态中要保持其完整性 其中的介词或副词不可省略 e g theorphanshavebeentakengoodcareofhere 孤儿们在这里受到很好的照顾 4 并不是所有动词都有被动语态happen takeplace breakout belongto cost last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态 误 greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinchinasince1978 正 greatchangeshavetakenplaceinchinasince1978 5 一些特殊动词 如borrow finish begin buy start return marry open join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用 若要表达相应的意思 则需改换动词或时态 如 mybrotherhashad 不能用hasbought thisbikeforalmostfouryears howlonghasthisbookbeenbought howlongagowasthisbookbought 6 只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语 e g wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears 7 带有双宾语的动词 如give send bring take teach show tell make sing write read sell buy tell pay lend pass promise等 变为被动语态时 可将其中一个宾语变为主语 另一个保留不动 e g wehavegivenhimthebook hehasbeengiventhebook thebookhasbeengiventohim 8 带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时 只能将宾语变为主语 原来的宾补改为主语补足语 原来省略to的不定式作宾补的 被动语态中要用带to的不定式 e g ihavetoldthemtohelpyou theyhavebeentoldtohelpyou ihavemadeherworkhard shehasbeenmadetoworkhard 用所给 短语 动词的正确形式填空 1 thechildren tell manytimesnottogoneartheriver 2 inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms produce allovertheworld 3 jenny make rapidprogressrecentlyandisalwaysbeingpraisedbytheteachers havebeentold havebeenproduced hasmade 4 greatchanges takeplace inourcountrysincethe2008olympicgames 5 thistopic talkabout fortwohours havetakenplace hasbeentalkedabout 用现在完成时的被动语态重组下列句子 anewhospitalforwomenandchildren build inbeijing2 moreandmoretrees cutdown byfarmers anewhospitalforwomenandchildrenhasbeenbuiltinbeijing moreandmoretreeshavebeencutdownbyfarmers 3 about300buildingsandhouses destroy intheearthquake4 alotofmoney spend protecttheoldtemple about300buildingsandhouseshavebeendestroyedintheearthquake alotofmoneyhasbeenspentprotectingtheoldtemple underlinetheuseofthepresentperfectvoiceinthefollowingpoem thenfillinthechartbelow lookatthewayyourfacehasbeenwashedlookatthewayyourhairhasbeencombedlookatthewayyourshoeshavebeencleanedyou dbetterdothemagain lookatthewaytheflowershavebeenplantedlookatthewaythegrasshasbeencutlookatthewaythepathshavebeensweptihopethatyou llcomehereagain thewaytheflowershavebeenplanted thewaythegrasshasbeencut thewaythepathshavebeenswept thewayyourfacehasbeenwashed thewayyourhairhasbeencombed thewayyourshoeshavebeencleaned readthispoemaloud payingattentiontotherhythmandintonation thenwriteyourownpoem lookattheway lookattheway lookattheway thetablehasbeenlaid theglasseshavebeenplaced thefoodhasbeencooked you dbetterdothemagain possiblepoem lookattheway lookattheway lookattheway yourbedhasbeenmade yourcarpethasbeenswept yourshoeshavebeentidied ihopethatyou llcomehereagain 1 inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms allovertheworld a haveproducedb havebeenproducedc areproducingd arebeingproduced 从a b c d四个选项中 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 2 experimentsofthiskind inboththeu s andeuropewellbeforethesecondworldwar haveconductedb havebeenconductedc hadconductedd hadbeenconducted 3 everyyearafloodoffarmersarriveinshenzhenforthemoney makingjobsthey beforeleavingtheirhometowns promisedb werepromisedc havepromisedd havebeenpromised 4 hissisterlefthomein1998 and since a hadnotbeenheardofb hasnotbeenheardofc hadnotheardofd hasnotheardof 5 iliketheseenglishsongsandthey manytimesontheradio a taughtb havetaughtc aretaughtd haveb