利用“对比法”巧学非限制性定语从句.doc

利用“对比法”巧学非限制性定语从句 1关系词的选用不同 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导（上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句）。例如： Yesterday he bought a new bike，which was made in Shanghai（which不可换用that）昨天他买了一辆新自行车，这自行车是上海产的。 He didnt give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week（which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语） 2关系词的省略不同 在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。例如： I still remember the days we spent together during the picnic我仍然记得我们在野餐时一起度过的日子。（we前省略了that which） Our country is not the one（that）she used to be我们的国家已不再是昔日的国家了。（that在定语从句中作表语） His brother，whom Tom often talks about with me，is going to London next week汤姆常常和我谈起的他的哥哥下周要去伦敦。（whom不可省略） 3从句的作用不同 限制性定语从句是对先行词起到修饰限制作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就无法理解。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。例如： In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help（MET 92）在这条黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以向其求助的人。 Alice received an invitation from her boss， which came as a surprise艾丽斯收到了她的老板的一份请柬，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。 4从句的意义有所不同 先行词是普通名词时，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的意义有所不同。例如： She has a daughter who is a teacher她有一个当教师的女儿。（她可能不只一个女儿） She has a daughter，who is a teacher她有一个女儿，是当教师的。（她只有一个女儿） 5从句所修饰的先行词有所不同 限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是个句子。例如： This is the best film that I have ever seen这是我曾经看过的电影中的最好的一部。 They talked a lot about the things and persons that they could remember他们谈论了一些他们能记起的人和事情。 He won the first prize in the contest， which was more than we expected他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们所料。 6标点的运用有所不同 限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号和主句分开。例如： Who is the girl that standing under the tree？站在树下的那个女孩是谁？ He is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned他是一个学识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。 7从句的语序有所不同 限制性定语从句通常用自然语序；而非限制性定语从句大多数情况下用陈述语序，少数情况下可以用倒装语序。例如： To get the job started，all that we need is your help为了使这项工作开工，我们所需要的是你的帮助。 They came to a small house，in front of which sat a boy他们来到一所房子处，房前坐着一个男孩。 In the distance there is a hill，on the top of which stands a white tower在远处有一座山，山顶上耸立着一座白塔。 8英译汉时有所不同 译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。例如： Which is the machine that we used last Sunday？上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？ The concert，which was held last week， was a great success那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。 He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him他可能来晚。要是那样的话我们就等等他。 9as，which引导的非限制性定语从句的差别 as引导的非限制性定语从句可以位于句中或句末，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于句末；as译为“正如，正像”，而 which译为“这一点，这件事”；上下文语意一致时用as，不一致时用which。例如： He has got the first place in the contest，which is known to us all他在这次竞赛中得了第一名，这一点大家都知道了。 过关练习：请选出符合题意的最佳答案。 1Qingdao is a beautiful city，_ Ill pay a six-day visit Awhich Bwhere Cfor which Dthat 2It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year，_ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup（NMET 2000春季高考） Athat Bwhile Cthis Dwhen 3They have a son and two daughters，live in the city Aall of them Bboth of them Ceveryone of whom Dall of whom 4He lived in London for three months，during time he learned some English Awhen Bthat Cwhich Dsame 5A person with his head in the clouds is a dreamer _ mind is not in the real world Awhose Bthat Cof whom Dwhich 6China is the birthplace of kites，_ kiteflying spread to Japan，Korea，Thailand and India Afrom that Bfrom here Cfrom there Dfrom where 7Luxun，for _ life was hard，wrote a lot of famous novels Awhom Bwhose Cwho Dwhich 8They stood at the window，_ they could see _ was happening in the str