快速阅读-阅读理解1.doc

Please read the passage within 2 minutes and then answer the following qeustions.Passage AThe word, friend, covers a wide range of meanings. It can be an odding acquaintance, a comrade, a confidant, a partner, a playmate, an intimate colleague, etc.Everyone needs friendship. No one can sail the ocean of life single-handed. We need help from, and also give help to others. In modern times, people attach more importance to relations and connections. A man of charisma has many friends. His power lies in his ability to give.As life is full of strife and conflict, we need friends to support and help us out of difficulties. Our friends give us warnings against danger. Our friends offer us advice with regard to how do deal with various situations. True friends share not only our joys but also our sorrows.With friendship, life is happy and harmonious. Without friendship, life is sad and unfortunate. I have friends in high positions and friends in the rank and file. Some are rich and in power. Some are relatively poor and without power. Some are like myself, working as a teacher, reading and writing, content with a simple life. We all care for each other, love and help each other. We feel we are the happiest when we chat and exchange ideas with one another. With my friends, I know what to treasure, what to tolerate and what to share.I will never forget my old friends, and Ill keep making new friends. I will not be cold and indifferent to my poor friends, and I will show concern for them, even if it is only a comforting word.Words and ExpressionsAcquaintance 熟人Comrade同志Confidant知己，密友Intimate亲密的attach importance to 重视Charisma krizm 魅力Strife, conflict冲突，争吵with regard to关于Unfortunate不幸Rank and file普通百姓Indifferent麻木的Questions：1. Whats the main idea of this passage?2. Can you describe one of your best friends to us? What kind of role does a friend play in your life?Passage BThe accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientists timekeeping methods. For this reason,scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their ticking .This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia , for example, vibrates or ticks 24 billion times a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great importance in fields such as astronomical is a sesium atom that vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecue may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einsteins relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time readings to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similar model. Whatever differences develop would be checked against the differences predicted.1. Scientists expect that the atomic clocks will be _.a.more preciseb.absolutely accuratec.more durabled.indestructible2.The heart of the atomichron is _.a.acesium atomb.an ammonia moleculec.a nitrogen atomd.a hydrogen3.From the selection,we may assume that temperature changes_.a.affect only ammonia moleculesb.may affect the vibration rate of atomsc.affect the speed at which atoms traveld.do not affect atoms in any way4.Identical atomic clocks may be used to check_.a.the effect of outer space on an atomic clockb.the actual speed of an orbiting satellitec.the accuracy of predictions based on theories of relativityd.all of Einsteins theories5.Implied but not stated:_.a.Precise timekeeping is essential in scienceb.Scientists expect to disprove Einsteins relativity theoriesc.Atomic clocks will be important in space flightd.The rate of vibration of an atom never varies Words and ExpressionsAccuracy精确度，准确性Observation观察Calculation计算at the mercy of受支配Device设备Precise, accurate精确的，准确的Atomic原子的Molecule分子nitrogen atom氮原子Ammonia moni 氨Prediction预见，预言Einsteins relativity theories爱因斯坦的相对论理论Satellite卫星Passage CThe $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale（罗曼文森特皮尔）right? Is there power in positive thinking?Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.The studys authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, youre justifying his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of underline Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.”Those with low self-esteem didnt feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who werent urged to think positive thoughts.The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.1. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry? A) It is a highly profitable industry. B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking. C) It was established by Norman Vincent Peale. D) It has yielded positive results.2. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers? A) Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good. B) There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems. C) Unhappy people cannot think positively. D) The power of positive thinking is limited.3. What does the author mean by “.youre just underlining his faults” (Line 4, Para.3)? A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough. B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed. C) You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent. D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.4. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic? A) It is important for peopl