宾语从句知识总结.doc

知识总结：宾语从句的重难点主要有三点：引导词、语序和时态。连词的选择that和what【高考示例】 1. We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _we have here and treat food nicely.（2010福建卷）A. that B. which C. what D. whether2. As a new graduate, he doesnt know_it takes to start a business here.（2010天津卷)A. how B. what C. When D. which 3. Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season. （2010山东卷）A. why B. what C. how D. which4. I want to be liked and loved for _I am inside. （2010北京卷）A. who B. where C. what D. how考点解析：以上四题均考查what引导的宾语从句，连接代词what在宾语从句中既起连接作用，又在从句中充当成分，即主语，宾语，表语或定语；而连接词that只起连接作用，在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，常可省略。 所以我们在面对这类考题时：首先，应判断从句部分是否缺主语，宾语，表语或定语。如果缺这些成分的话，首先考虑who, whom, what, which和whose等，但要区别后三者做定语时的用法区别。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。第二，如果题干中不需要填入代词，需要结合语境考虑是否需要填入疑问副词when, why, where, how, whether, if等。宾语从句表示不肯定或疑问，如“是否”、“是不是”、“能否”等，就用连词if/whether来引导。第三，如果根据语境，宾语从句是个陈述句，不需要填入疑问副词，那就用连词that引导。例4的难点在于我想别人喜欢我是因为“我”的内在，也就是“我”inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A，错误地用中文语言习惯去做英文题。whether和if【高考示例】 but it didnt matter that I would win or not（NMET短文改错） 此题很显然是考查 whether和if引导宾语从句的差别。答案是将that改为whether。在使用whether和if引导宾语从句时，应注意以下几种情况： 引导介词宾语从句时，只能用 whether，不用if。如： I am interested in whether hell go abroad 当提出两种选择时，要用whether。如： We dont know whether he will come or not discuss，decide 等动词后，通常只跟 whether 引导的宾语从句，而不用if。如： They discussed whether they should put off the meeting He decided whether he would go with her 如果宾语从句是否定结构，则只用 if 引导。如： I dont care if he doesnt join in the game连接副词when，where，how，why【高考示例】 1. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _she was so angry. （2010湖南卷）A. where B. whether C. that D. why 2. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.（2010全国卷）A. that B. which C. what D. where 考点解析：以上两题都是考查连接副词引导的宾语从句。连接副词 when，where，how，why 既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。例1的宾语从句中缺表原因的状语，故用why；例2根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D。再如： We dont know why he didnt come Can you tell me where the post office is？ He wondered how he could solve the problem语序：【高考示例】 1When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know_.（2010上海卷）A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering2No one can be sure _ in a million years Awhat man will look like Bwhat will man look like Cman will look like what Dwhat look will man like3Can you tell me _ ？ Awho is that gentleman Bthat gentleman is who Cwho that gentleman is Dwhom is that gentleman考点解析：以上三题都是考查宾语从句的语序。无论主句是什么句式，宾语从句只能用陈述句语序。 再如： Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ She asked me if I knew whose pen it wasit充当形式宾语，真正的宾语宾语从句后置：在下列情况下，需要用 it作形式宾语： 1think，make，find，consider，feel，hear 等动词接复合宾语（宾语宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。如： We find it difficult that we should finish the work in time She thinks it wrong for him not to answer the phone2like，enjoy，love，hate 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语 it。如： I like it that everyone passed the exam They hated it when students wear strange clothes3由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接 that 宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。如： We are thinking of it that well lend you some money我们正在考虑借给你一些钱。时态的呼应：【高考示例】 1Youve failed to do what you _to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you（2010四川卷）Awill expectBwill be expectedCexpected Dwere expected2When you are home, give a call to let me know you _ safely. （2010全国卷）A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive3. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. （2010全国）A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made 考点解析：以上三题都是考查主从句中时态的呼应。含有宾语从句的主从复合句在时态呼应上遵循以下三条原则： 1. 如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思需要使用任何一种时态。如： Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night？ Please tell me where you went yesterday2. 如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。如： He asked why she had left alone They said they would hold the meeting the next week3. 如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。如： Dick asked Lucy how old she is The teacher said the sun rises in the east否定转移：当主句谓语动词是 think，suppose，believe，guess，expect（预料）时，其后 that 宾语从句若表示否定意义，通常将否定词 not 转移到主句谓语动词之前。如： I dont think it is true我想这是不对的。 I dont believe I have the pleasure of knowing you很遗憾，我不想认识你。 此类动词后，在简略答语中，有两种替代形式： 1. 用 so 替代前文肯定的宾语从句。如： Do you think our team will win the match？ I believe so 2. 若替代一个否定的宾语从句，用 not 或 notso 替代前文整个从句。如： Do you guess he will come？ I think not或I dont think so 注意： hope 只能说 I hope not 一种形式，因为 hope 不能否定转移。虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用：1. 这些动词后面接的宾语从句：表示愿望(wish),建议(suggest, advice, propose, recommend),要求(demand,request, require, insist),命令(order, command)等，此时无论主语是什么，谓语都要用should + do构成, should可以省略.2. wish 接宾语从句有三种情况:：若表示现在: 动词用过去式；若表示过去: 动词用过去完成式(had done)；若表示将来: 用情态动词(would/could) +doI wish she would be on my side. I wish I were 30 years younger. I wish (that) you would get a good job. He wished he hadnt done it. 3. 在would rather(宁愿)引导的的宾语从句中，当从句表示现在或将来的时间时，谓语动词要用一般过去时；表示过去时间时，要用过去完成时。I would rather they left on an early train. (表现在)I would rather he hadnt told me about it. (表过去)易错点点拨：1. 以连接代词(如What, Which)和连接副词(如When, Where等)引导的宾语从句中。同学们常