单片机.doc

桂林电子科技大学毕业设计（论文）外文翻译 第 12 页 共 12 页单片机H.P.A.P. jayaward，IEEE H.W.K.M. amarasekara学生会员，IEEE学生会员。P.T.S. peelikumb，W.A.K.C. jayathilaka，SG Abeyaratne，IEEE and S.D. Dewasurendra会员。摘要：近年来随着计算机在社会领域的渗透和大规模集成电路的发展，单片机的应用正在不断地走向深入，由于它具有功能强，体积小，功耗低，价格便宜，工作可靠，使用方便等特点，因此特别适合于与控制有关的系统，越来越广泛地应用于自动控制，智能化仪器，仪表，数据采集以及家用电器等各个领域。单片机串行通信系统采用串行工作方式，传递并显示信息，使数据能够在不同地方传递。本次设计是采用MSC-51系列单片机中的AT89C51作为中心器件来设计串行通信系统.在Proteus与Keil搭建的仿真平台上，以汇编语言作为编程语言进行仿真。系统实现了多机串行通信，采用了主从式，主机发送数据，从机根据协议接收数据并显示。Modern computer technology, industrial revolution, the world economy from the capital into the economy to knowledge economy. 现代计算机技术，从工业革命以来，世界经济从资本经济向知识经济转变。在电子Field in the electronic world, from the 20th century into the era of radio to computer technology in the 21st century as the center of the intelligent modern era of electronic system领域中，从20世纪中的无线电时代过渡到21世纪以计算机技术为中心的现代电子系统的智能化时代。The basic core of modern electronic systems are embedded computer systems (referred to as embedded systems), while the microcontroller is the most typical and most extensive and most popular embedded system现代电子系统的基本核心是嵌入式计算机系统（简称嵌入式系统），而单片机是最典型，最广泛和最流行的嵌入式系统。 1 引言First, radio has created generations of excellence in the worl（） （1）广播开创了一个卓越的时代Fifties and sixties in the 20th century, the most representative of the advanced electronic technology is wireless technology, including radio broadcasting, radio, wireless communications (telegraph), Amateur Radio, radio positioning, navigation and other telemetry, remote control, remote technology. 在五十年代和六十年代，20世纪最具代表性的先进电子技术是无线电技术，包括广播电台，广播，无线通信（电报），业余无线电，无线电定位，导航和其他探测，遥控，遥感技术。 Early that these electronic technology led many young people into the wonderful digital world, radio show was a wonderful life, the prospects for science and technology. 早期，这些电子技术带领许多年轻人到精彩的数字世界中去，广播节目是一种体验美好生活的方式，具有广阔的科学和技术前景。Electronics began to form a new disc自此电子开始形成一门新学科。 Radio electronics, wireless communications began e-world journey. 无线电电子学，无线通讯电子掀起了一次浪潮。 Radio technology not only as a representative of advanced science and technology at that time, but also from popular to professional fields of science, attracting the young people and enable them to find a lot of fun. Ore from the bedside to the superheterodyne radio radio; report issued from the radio amateur radio stations; from the telephone, electric bell to the radio control model. 无线电技术不仅代表了当时先进的科学技术，同时也流行于科学的专业领域，吸引年轻人，使他们找到了不少乐趣。从里到外随处都是超外差无线电广播。;报告是从业余无线电电台，电话，电铃，无线电控制模型发出的。越来越流行且充满生命力的越来越无线电技术，是科学和技术教育中最流行 ，应用最广泛的内容。So far, many of the older generation of engineers, experts, Professor of the year are radio enthusiast到目前为止，许多老一辈的工程师，专家，上了年纪的教授都是无线电爱好者。 Fun radio technology, radio technology, comprehensive training, from basic principles of electronics, electronic components to the radio-based remote control, telemetry, remote electronic systems, has trained several generations of technological excellence.有趣的无线电技术，全面的培训，从基本原则到电子，无线电遥控电子元器件，遥测，遥信电子系统，已经培养了几代具有卓越技术人。 （2）从无线电时代的普及到开创电子技术时代The early radio technology to promote the development of electronic technology, most notably electronic vacuum tube technology to semiconductor electronic 早期的无线电技术促进了电子技术的发展，最显著的是电子真空管技术和半导体电子technolog技术。Semiconductor technology to realize the active device miniaturization and low cost, so more popular with radio technology and innovation, and to greatly broaden the number of non-radio-control areas半导体技术来实现了有源器件的小型化和低成本化，使无线电技术和创新更受欢迎，并大大拓宽了非无线电控制的领域。The development of semiconductor technology lead to the production of integrated circuit, forming the modern electronic technology leap from discrete electronics into the era of era of integrated circuits半导体技术的发展促进了集成电路的生产，实现了从分立电子元件到集成电路时代的电子技术的飞跃。Electronic design engineers no longer use the discrete electronic components designed circuit modules, and direct selection of integrated circuit components constitute a single system.电子设计工程师不再使用离散电子元件设计电路模块，直接选择集成的电路元件构成一个单一的系统。They freed the design of the circuit unit dedicated to system design, greatly liberating the productive forces of science and technology, promote the wider spread of electronic systems他们努力致力于系统设计，极大地解放科技生产力，促进了更宽的传播空间电子系统的电路单元的设计。使Semiconductor integrated circuits in the basic digital logic circuits first breakthrough.半导体集成电路的基本数字逻辑电路首次取得突破。A large number of digital logic circuits, such as gates, counters, timers, shift registers, and analog switches, comparators, etc., for the electronic digital control provides excellent conditions for the traditional mechanical control to electronic control.大量的数字逻辑电路，如门电路，计数器，定时器，移位寄存器和模拟开关，比较器等电子数码控制电路，为传统的机械控制到电子控制提供了良好的条件。Power electronic devices and sensor technology to make the original to the radio as the center of electronic technology turned to mechanical engineering in the field of digital control systems, testing in the field of information collection, movement of electrical mechanical servo drive control object电力电子器件和传感器技术首次应用在原来无线电电子技术中心在机械工程领域的数字控制系统，信息的收集，机电伺服驱动器控制对象的运动领域的测试中。Semiconductor and integrated circuit technology will bring us a universal age of electronic technology, wireless technology as the field of electronic technology a part of.半导体和集成电路技术将带给我们一项充满活力和挑战的电子技术，无线电技术作为电子技术领域的一部分。70 years into the 20th century, large scale integrated circuit appeared to promote the conventional electronic circuit unit-specific electronic systems development.进入20世纪70年代，大规模集成电路的出现，促进了传统的以电子电路为特定单位的电子系统的发展。Many electronic systems unit into a dedicated integrated devices such as radios, electronic clocks, calculators, electronic engineers in these areas from the circuit, the system designed to debug into the device selection, peripheral device adapter work.许多具有电子系统的专用集成设备，如收音机，电子钟表，计算器。在这些电路领域的电子工程师，设计系统用于调试和设备的选型，外围设备适配器的工作。为了发展Electronic technology, and electronic products enriched, electronic engineers to reduce the difficulty, but at the same time, radio technology, electronic technology has weakened the charm.电子技术和丰富电子产品，电子工程师降低了难度，但同时也减弱了无线电技术和电子技术的魅力。The development of semiconductor integrated circuits classical electronic systems are maturing, remain in the large scale integrated circuit other than半导体集成电路向经典电子系统的发展日益成熟，大规模集成电路以外的电子技术已渐渐the shrinking of electronic technology, electronic technology is not the old days of radio fun times and comprehensive engineering training萎缩，电子技术已经不是昔日的具有乐趣的无线电和综合性工程训练。 （3）从经典的电子技术时代到现代的电子技术时代 80 years into the 20th century, the century of economic change is the most important revolution in the computer. 进入20世纪80年代，经济变革的世纪，最重要的革命非计算机莫属。The computer revolution in the most important sign is the birth of the computer embedded applications.计算机革命中最重要的标志是计算机嵌入式应用的诞生。Modern computer numerical requirements should be born.现代计算机的数值要求应需而生。 A long period of time, is to develop the massive computer numerical duty.很长一段时间，发展大规模的计算机数值是一项责任。But the computer shows the logic operation, processing, control, attracting experts in the field of electronic control, they want development to meet the control object requirements of embedded applications, computer systems.但电脑显示的逻辑运算，处理，控制，吸引了电子控制领域的专家，他们想发展以满足嵌入式应用要求的计算机系统的控制对象。If you meet the massive data-processing computer system known as general-purpose computer system, then the system can be the embedded object (such as ships, aircraft, motorcycles, etc.) in a computer system called the embedded computer. 这样你将满足大规模数据处理的计算机系统称为通用计算机系统，然后将能嵌入对象（如船舶，飞机，摩托车等）的系统称为嵌入式计算机系统。 Clearly, both the direction of technology development are different. 显然，两者的技术发展方向是不同的。 The former requires massive data storage, handling, processing and analysis of high-speed data transmission; while the latter requires reliable operation in the target environment, the external physical parameters on high-speed acquisition, analysis and processing logic and the rapid control of external objects. 前者需要大量的数据存储，处理，加工和分析高速发的数据传输，而后者则需要在目标环境中可靠运行，高速采集，分析和处理逻辑和外部的快速控制外部的物理参数对象。It will add an early general-purpose computer data acquisition unit, the output driver circuit reluctance to form a heat treatment furnace temperature control system.这将增加早期的通用计算机的数据采集单元，导致输出驱动电路增加热处理炉温度控制系统。This general-purpose computer system is not possible for most of the electronic system used, and to make general-purpose computer system meets the requirements of embedded applications, will inevitably affect the development of high-speed numeric processing.这种通用的计算机系统是不可能被大部分电子系统采用，为了满足通用计算机系统满足嵌入式应用的要求，将不可避免地影响高速数字处理的发展。In order to solve the contradiction between the development of computer technology, in the 20th century 70s, semiconductor experts another way, in full accordance with the electronic system embedded computer application requirements, a micro-computers basic system on a chip, the formation of the early SCM (Single Chip Microcomputer).为了要解决计算机技术的发展之间的矛盾，在20世纪70年代，半导体专家运用另一种方式完全满足了按照电子系统嵌入式计算机应用的要求。1微，计算机的芯片上的基本制度，形成了中，早期的单片机。After the advent of single chip in the computer industry began to appear in the general-purpose computer systems and embedded systems the two branches.计算机行业中的单芯片问世后，开始出现了分别运用在通用计算机系统和嵌入式系统的两个分支。Since then, both the embedded system, or general-purpose computer systems have been developed rapidly.从那时起，嵌入式系统和通用计算机系统得到了迅速发展。 Although the early general-purpose computer converted the embedded computer systems, and real embedded system began in the emergence of SCM. 虽然早期的通用计算机运用了嵌入式计算机系统，实时嵌入式系统的开始则是在单片机的出现之后。Because the microcontroller is designed specifically for embedded applications, the MCU can only achieve embedded applications.由于微控制器是专门为嵌入式的应用而设计的，单片机只能实现嵌入式应用。MCU embedded applications that best meet environmental requirements, for example, chip-level physical space, large-scale integrated circuits low-cost, good peripheral interface bus and outstanding control of instruction.单片机嵌入式应用最符合环保要求，例如，芯片级的物理空间，大规模集成电路，低成本，良好的周边接口总线和出色的控制指令。A computer system microcontroller core, embedded electronic systems, intelligent electronic systems for the foundation.一个计算机系统的微控制器内核，嵌入式电子系统，以智能电子系统为基础。Therefore, the current single chip electronic system in widespread use of electronic systems to enable rapid transition to the classical modern intelligent electronic systems.因此，当前广泛使用电子系统单芯片的电子系统，以便迅速过渡到现代智能电子系统。 （4）单芯片创建现代电子系统时代 A microcontroller and embedded systems Embedded computer systems from embedded applications, embedded systems for early general-purpose computer adapted to the object system embedded in a variety of electronic systems, such as the ships autopilot, engine monitoring systems. 1）一个微控制器和嵌入式系统的早期的通用适应对象是各种船舶的自动驾驶仪系统，发动机监控系统，电子系统，如嵌入式计算机嵌入式应用，嵌入式系统，嵌入式计算机系统等。Embedded system is primarily a computer system, followed by it being embedded into the object system, objects in the object system to achieve required data collection, processing, status display, the output control functions, as embedded in the object system, embedded system computer does not have an independent form and function of the computer.嵌入式系统主要是一个计算机系统，由它嵌入到对象系统中，实现所需数据的收集，处理，状态显示，输出控制功能，如嵌入对象系统中的对象，嵌入式系统的计算机确实是一个没有独立的形式和功能的计算机。SCM is entirely in accordance with the requirements of embedded system design, so SCM is the most typical embedded systems.SCM是完全按照嵌入式系统要求设计的，因此SCM是最典型的嵌入式系统。SCM is the early application of technical requirements in accordance with the design of embedded computer chip integration, hence the name single chipSCM是按照嵌入式计算机芯片的集成度中的早期应用的技术要求设计的，故名单芯片。Subsequently, the MCU embedded applications to meet the growing demands of its control functions and peripheral interface functions, in particular, highlight the control function, so has international name the single chip microcontroller (MCU, Microcontroller Unit).随后，MCU的嵌入式应用，其控制功能和外围接口功能，以满足日益增长的需求，尤其是突出的控制功能，因此成为具有国际名称的单片机（微控制器，微控制器单元）。 2 MCU modern electronic systems consisting of electronic systems will become mainstream 2）MCU的现代电子系统组成的电子系统将成为主流 MCU is a device-level computer systems, it can be embedded into any object system to achieve intelligent control. MCU是一个设备级的计算机系统，它可以嵌入到任何物体系统，实现智能化控制。Small to micro-machinery, such as watches,小到微型机械，如手表，hearing aids助听器。Low-cost integrated device-level, low-to a few dollars, ten dollars, enough to spread to many civilian SCM appliances, electronic toys to go.低成本的集成器件级，低到几元，十几元，足以蔓延到许多平民的SCM家电，电子玩具中去。SCM constitutes a modern electronic systems has in-depth to the households, are changing our lives, such as home audio, televisions, washing machines, microwave ovens, telephones, security systems, and air conditioners.单片机构成一个现代化的电子系统，已深入到家庭中，正在改变我们的生活，如家用音响，电视机，洗衣机，微波炉，电话，安全系统，空调。 SCM innovation the original electronic systems, such as microwave ovens use SCM, it can easily set the clock, the program memory, power control; air conditioner after use of SCM is not only convenient for remote parameter setting, running automatically transform, frequency control can be achieved. 供应链管理创新原有的电子系统，如微波炉，使用单片机，它可以轻松地设置时钟，程序存储器，电源控制，空调在单片机的使用后，不仅方便远程参数设置，运行自动变换，频率控制可以实现。 At present, many household appliances such as VCD, DVD only single chip to achieve its function may occur before. 目前很多家电，如VCD，DVD只能通过单芯片来实现其功能才可能发生。 3 Embedded Systems led the entire electronics industry Current electronic components industry, in addition to microprocessors, embedded system devices, the most modern electronic systems around the supporting components industries, such as keys used to meet the human-computer interaction, LED / LCD display drivers, LED / LCD display units, voice integrated device, etc., to meet the requirements of data acquisition channel digital sensor, ADC, data acquisition module, signal conditioning modules to meet the servo drive control in the DAC, solid state relays, stepper motor controller, frequency control unit, etc., to meet the communication requirements various bus driver, level converters. 3）嵌入式系统除了微处理器，嵌入式系统设备，周围的配套元器件还是行业中最先进的电子系统，如用于满足人机交互的钥匙，促进目前整个电子行业发展的电子元器件，LED / LCD显示驱动器，LED /液晶显示单元，语音集成设备等，以满足ADC通道数字传感器数据采集，数据采集模块，信号调理模块的要求，以满足在伺服驱动器的DAC，固态继电器控制，步进电机控制器，变频调速装置等，以满足各种公交车司机，电平转换器的通信需求。 Electronic components in the embedded systems world, driven by embedded applications along fully meet requirements of modern electronic systems development. 嵌入式的应用推动了电子元件在嵌入式系统的发展，充分满足了现代电子系统发展的要求。 This makes the original classic world of increasingly small electronic systems. 这使得原来的经典电子系统应用越来越少，加速了Practitioners in the various electronic systems to modern electronic systems as early as possible to stay加速现代电子系统在各种电子系统中的主导地位的转变。 5, SCM will create a new generation of electronic elite 4）SCM将创建新一代电子精英 If the 50s, radio has created several generations of the world elite, then todays SCM will create a new generation of e-world elite. 如果50年代，电台创造了几代世界精英，那么今天的SCM将创建一个新世代电子世界精英。A single chip with you to the intelligent electronics If we as a dead classic electronic system electronic system, then the intelligent modern electronic systems is a life of the electronic system.与你的智能电子芯片为例，如果我们把经典电子系统称为“无生命”电子系统，智能化的现代电子系统则是一个“生命”的电子系统。 Application System of hardware, electronic systems, body, microcontroller applications, the application 应用系统，电子系统的硬件则是“身体”，而微控制器应用，应用程序gives it life.赋予它“生命”。For example, in the design of intelligent machines monitor display, it can boot the system self-test results show, not to enter the work shows a variety of stand-by state, equipment run-time display running processes, work can be displayed after the end of the current results, self results, raw data, reports and other various processing.例如，在智能机显示器的设计上，它可以引导系统自我测试，结果表明在没有进入工作时会显示各种待机状态，设备运行时显示正在运行的进程，工作后可以显示目前的结果，自我的结果，原始数据，报表和其他各种加工结束。Unattended, it can run automatically given a variety of functions.无人值守，自动运行多种功能。Intelligent electronic systems for the endless realm, often without additional hardware resources can achieve all kinds of renovated function.无尽的功能，往往没有额外的硬件资源，智能电子系统，可以实现各种翻修功能。It is also present in many household appliances feature a large number of additional factors.它也是目前在许多家电中大量使用的其他因素。2 single chip computer with you to the industrial area The 21st century is the century of humanity into the computer age, many people are not used in the manufacture of computer is the computer.你的单芯片计算机的工业区，21世纪是人类进入计算机时代的世纪，许多人都在制造计算机而不使用计算机。People using the computer, only the people engaged in embedded system applications really into the internal computer system hardware and software systems, can we truly understand the nature of the computers intelligence and grasp the knowledge of intelligent design.使用电脑的人，只有从事嵌入式系统应用的人真正进入内部计算机的硬件系统和软件系统，我们才可以真正理解计算机的情报性质和把握知识的智能设计。 MCU applications starting from the learning technology applications in todays computer software training, hardware and technical personnel of one of the best roads. MCU应用的开始是学习技术应用在今天的计算机软件人员培训，硬件和技术最好的道路之一。 3 SCM bring you into the most attractive in the digital world Charming single chip to enable you to experience the true meaning of the computer, you can design intelligent microcontroller hands-on toys, different applications can be designed to achieve different functions. 单片机带你进入最有吸引力的数字世界，充满诱惑力的单芯片使您体验到计算机的真正含义，你可以设计出用手控制智能微控制器的玩具，不同的应用可以实现不同的功能。Both software design and hardware making there, both mental and physical, but also hands.软件设计和硬件的存在，创造出了精神和身体，也包括手动的。水平一般的也Primary level can develop intelligent toys, with macro programming.水平可以开发智能玩具，宏编程。Intermediate levels can develop some intelligent controller, such as computer mouse, smart cars, all kinds of remote control model.水平高一些的，可以开发一些如电脑鼠标，智能车，遥控模型等各种智能控制器。 High levels can be developed robots, such as robot soccer, the development of industrial control units, network communications, and high-level language with assembly language or design application. 高水平的人可开发机器人，比如足球机器人，工业控制单位的促进剂，网络通信，高层次的语言与汇编语言或设计中的应用等。Microcontroller and embedded systems around the formation of the future of the electronics industry, will provide a vast world of electronic fans, an even broader than the current wireless world, richer, more durable, more attractive in the digital world.围绕电子行业的未来而设计的微控制器和嵌入式系统，将提供给电子迷们一个广阔的天地，甚至比目前的无线世界，更丰富，更耐用，在数字世界上更有吸引力，更广泛。随着Plunge into the microcontroller in the world to, will benefit your