语法复习5： 动词的时态及语态（修订）.doc

高三英语二轮专题复习要点回顾与精练专题02 动词的时态及语态一、【考纲解读】动词的时态和语态历来是高考题中考查的重头戏之一。测试重点放在根据特定语言环境区别使用一般过去时和现在完成时；一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时；及物动词的被动用法；特定的时间状语中时态的使用；结合所获得的语言知识确定正确时态的能力等。综上所述，动词的时态和语态在高考测试中的地位非常重要。因而考生在复习备考中必须对本专题引起足够的重视。二、【知识要点】三【考点复习】1.一般体说明现在时1）表示现在经常性、习惯性动作或客观事实状态。Oprah Winfrey is a very unusual woman!2）表示客观真理或科学事实。3）在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时。过去时1）表示过去某事发生的动作或存在的状态，常和a moment ago，half an hour ago, just now, at that time等连用。eg. Then in 1994, she decided to improve her talk shows.2）表示过去时间内连续发生的动作，一般由and连接。3）表示过去时间内经常的或习惯的动作和状态。将来时1) will/shall+动词原形，表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。2) be going to+动词原形，含有“打算，计划，即将”做某事，或表示很有可能要发生某事。3) be + doing 进行时表示将来go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作。4) be about to + 动词原形，表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语。5) be to + 动词原形，表示按计划进行或征求对方意见。2.现在体说明现在进行时1、表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作，它不涉及该动作的发生和结果，译成汉语正在，这一用法常和表示此刻的时间状语连用，如now, at this time, at present，at the moment等。2、表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作，这种动作常与表示一段的时间状语连用，如these days , this week等。3、表示将来的动作,表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作，或即将开始或进行的动作。常用的这类词go, come, leave, stay, start等。4、表达褒贬等感情色彩，和always ,forever, continually, constantly, instantly, continuously等频度副词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，不强调动作的进行性。表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。He is constantly leaving his things about.他时常乱丢东西。（表责怪）5、wonder, hope, think 等表示心理的动词用于进行时可以表示婉转的语气。Im wondering if I may come a little late.我在想我能不能晚来一会儿。现在完成时1、表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，通常使用不具有延续意义的动词，arrive, become, begin, break等。这种用法可带有迄今意义的时间状语，如up to now, so far, already, not.yet等。也可带有包括现在时间在内的时间状语，如now, recently, in the past few years, just等。She has appeared in many films, and has also produced a number of television movies.2、表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，也许还将继续下去。这种用法通常用于具有延续意义的动词，如live, stay, work等，并带有表示时间段的状语或迄今意义的时间的状语，如for, since等 They have lived in Beijing since 2002.他们自从2002年以来就住在北京。注意：表示短暂的动作动词或状态动词不能用于这种用法，如arrive, come, go, leave等。如，不能说：She has come to our school for 2 years.3、用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。He will be back before I have finished my work.我完成工作之前他会回来的。4、用在It(This) is(will be ) the first/second/thirdtime+ that从句中Itll be the first time Ive spoken in public.这将是我第一次当众讲话。5、 It (This)is the best( worst, most interesting等) + 名词+从句结构中的从句要求用现在完成时。 This is the best film Ive ever seen.这是我所看过得最好的一部电影 现在完成进行时（1）现在完成进行时表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去的动作。常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。They have been living here for 10 years. 他们住在这里十年了。（2）表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到说话时候刚结束。I have been waiting you for about one hour.我等你大约一个小时了。(说话时等的动作刚结束)3.过去时说明过去进行时1、表示过去某一时刻正在或过去某段时间正在进行的动作。动作发生的特定时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明。When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。2、代替过去将来时用于come, go ,leave, start, stay, arrive等表位置转移的动词，以表示过去将要发生的动作。She asked me whether he was starting the next day.她问我他是否第二天就走 4、表达褒贬等感情色彩过去进行时也可以和always，constantly，continually，forever等连用，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。He was always trying out new ideas.他总是试验一些新的设想。5、wonder, hope, think，want 等表示心理的动词用于进行时可以表示婉转的语气 -Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor? -打扰了,先生。你能帮我个忙吗？-Of course. What is it? -当然。什么事？-I was wondering if you could tell me how to fill out this form. -我一直在想你是否能告诉我怎样填这张表过去完成式1、过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发的时间是过去的过去。eg. By the time she was twelve, she had already had a great plan. When she got her own TV talk show, she had already acted in a Hollywood movie. By the later 1980s, “Oprah Winfrey” had become a well-known word. 2、表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到过去的这一时间，而且还可能继续下去的动作，常和for, since构成的短语或引导的从句连用。3、用在 It was the first/second/thirdtime that句型中，that引导的定语从句要用过去完成时。This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years. 这是39年里他们第一次见面。4、intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时，表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等，含有某种惋惜。7、过去完成时常用结构有hardly, scarcely, barely when, no sooner than等副词的句子里。过去将来时（1）was/were going to表示过去的打算和意图He was going to start work the following week.他打算下星期开始工作。（打算）表示没有实现的打算和意图I thought the film was going to be interesting.我想这部电影会很有趣的。（结果不是）（2）was/were to+动词原形这种结构通常指过去的计划安排或注定要发生的事情。如果计划的动作没有实现，要用动词的完成式。（3）was/were about to动词原形was/were about to动词原形，表示过去即将发生的事。（4）表示位置转移的动词 (如go，come，leave，start等)的过去进行时，表示按照过去的计划安排将在过去将来发生的事情。过去完成进行时（1）过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始并延续到过去这一时间。这一动作可能己经停止也可能还在进行。She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.她告诉我她己经学习法语5年了。（2）表示反复的动作、企图、情绪、最近的情况You had been giving me everything.你对我真是有求必应。（感激）I had been studying the meaning of the poem.我一直在研究这首诗。（我还没懂）4.将来时说明将来进行时（1）表示将来某一时刻或某段时间正在发生的动作，常与this time tomorrow, at 4 oclock tomorrow afternoon等时间状语连用。（2）表示一种已经决定或肯定的动作或情况，或表示某动作将在按计划发生而未完成。 We shall be having a meeting in a minute.我们一会儿就要开会。将来完成时（1）将来完成时表示将来某一时间或动作发生之前已经完成的动作，通常与before或by连用。By the end of this month , well have studied 10 units.到这月末，我们将学完10单元。（2）表示持续到将来某一时间的动作或状态,这动作或状态也可能将继续进行下去。When they move here next month, well have lived in the city for 5 years.下月他们搬到这里时，我们已住在该市五年了。5、被动语态：常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成1一般现在时am/is/are asked6过去进行时was/were being asked2一般过去时was/were asked7现在完成时have/has been asked3一般将来时shall/will be asked8过去完成时had been asked4过去将来时should/would be asked9将来完成时will/would have been asked5现在进行时am/is/are being asked10含有情态动词的can/must/may be asked注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如：Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates.Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：It is believed that It is generally considered that It is said thatIt is well known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed thatIt is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped thatIt is said that more money will be made that way.下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：The window wants/needs/requires repairing. The book is worth reading twice.The door wont shut. / The play wont act. However, they sell well in the US.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.有些动词只以被动语态出现，常见的有be determinied(决定)，be devoted(致力)，be seated(坐)，be dressed（穿），be born（出生），be situated/located（坐落）gfv等。“get+过去分词”表示被动。其中get与be一样起助动词作用，不同的是常用来表示突然发生的事情。下面词或短语没有被动态：leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart, be to blame（被责备）,be to let（被出租）等等Several things happened that seemed unusual to me.考点1、一般现在时与现在进行时 1一般现在时 （1）考查表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件 （2）考查表示特征、能力或现时的情况或状态 （3）考查表示普遍真理、事实 2现在进行时 （1）考查表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事 （2）考查表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作、即将开始或结束的动作 常用的这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。 （从历届的高考题可以看出，命题者在选项的设置中注重对一般现在时和现在进行时的区别的考查。这两种时态的区别：一般现在时：习惯性、永久性、客观事实；现在进行时：暂时性、重复性、感情色彩。）考点2、一般过去时与过去进行时1一般过去时：主要考查表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。2过去进行时 （1）考查表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，强调未完成 （2）考查表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作 【注】一般过去时与过去进行时的区别如下： 一般过去时：完成性 过去进行时：未完成 考点3、现成完成时与现在完成进行时 1现成完成时 （1）考查表示所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果 （2）考查表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作 2现成完成进行时 主要考查表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。 【注】现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别如下： 现在完成时：完成性强调动作的结果 现在完成进行时：未完成性动作在不久前持续进行的情景 考点4、 主动表示被动的三种情况 1. 不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。 常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。 2. 一些连系动词的主动式形容词。 常见动词是：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。 3. 五个“发生”： happen, take place, occur to, break out，come about等。 【提醒】近年高考题对时态的考查变得更加灵活，把握准句意显得更加重要。三、【基础测一测】（一）用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1 They_(be) on the farm a moment ago.2 There_(be)a shop not long ago.3 Jenny_(not go)to bed until 11:00 oclock last night.4 Danny _(read )English five minutes ago.5 I _(see)Li Lei _(go) out just now.6 The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 7 Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .8 My mother _ ( cook )some nice foodnow. 9 What _ you _ ( do ) now?10 Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 11 They _(not ,water) the flowers now.12 I _ (telephone) a friend when Bob _ (come) in.13 We _ (test) the new machine when the electricity _ (go) off.14 Jane _(wait) for me when I _(arrive).15 My brother came into the bedroom when I _(dance).16 What _ Jim _(write) when the teacher came in ?17 John_（work） all day yesterday.18 He _（walk） home when the （rian）_begin.19 What_ you _（do） at ten oclock yesterdayI_（study）in class20 When Harry _（have）breakfast Lily _（telephone） him 21 When I _ （go）to school this morning I _ （see）a car running into a bus22 We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.23 That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).24 They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave). 25 The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive). 26 David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 27 My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.28 Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.29 -What do you usually do at weekends? -I usually _ (watch) TV and_(catch) insects.30 -What _ (do) you do last Sunday?- I _ (pick) apples on a farm. -What _ (do) next Sunday? -I _ (milk) cows.（二）句型转换1.Look!Lilyisdancing.（改为一般疑问句） 2.Kateislookingforherwatch.（改为否定句）3.The birds are singing in the tree.(就划线部分提问)4.The children are playing games near the house.(就划线部分提问)5.She is closing the door now.(改成否定句)6. We were having a PE class at four yesterday afternoon.(改为否定句)7. Kate was doing her homework at eight last night. (改为一般疑问句，做肯，否回答，对划线部分提问)8. They were playing computer games at nine last night.( 对划线部分提问)9. I was reading a book at three yesterday afternoon.( 对划线部分提问)（三）单项选择：1 -I have had supper.- When _you _it?A. have; had B. do, have C. did, have D. will have2 -He didnt go shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he? - _. A. No, he doesnt B. Yes, he didnt C. No, he did D. Yes, he did.3.Usually they_ TV in the evening. They do their homework.A. arent watching B. didnt watch C. dont watch D. do watch4.When I arrived at his office, he _ on the phone. A. was speaking B. spoke C. had been speaking D. had spoken 5. Both his parents looked sad when I got there. Maybe they _what happened to him.A. knew B. have known C. must know D. had known6. He has _ been to Shanghai, has he?A. already B. never C. ever D. still7. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year .A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written8. Our country _ a lot so far. Yes. I hope it will be even _.A. has changed ; well B. changed; good C. has changed ; better D. changed; better 9. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years .A. was; studying B. will; studyC. has; studied D. are; studying10. Harry Potter is a very nice film which I_ twice .A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see11. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A. had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked12. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen13. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with14.Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 15.There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. is about to be C. is going to beD. is to be16.He _ very busy this week, but he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be1-5 CDCAB 6-10 BBCCB 11-15 AABDCD四、短文语境填空-根据短文意思用所给动词的适当时态填空。【Passage 1】The Rich Father and the Richer SonReginald 1_ (be)a rich and successful businessman, but now he is an old man and doesnt work any more. His son Hugo is a very rich and successful businessman, too. They 2_(be)the center of peoples talk for many years. People have 3_(learn)that they are quite different from each other in many ways.Most business people 4_(make) mistakes. Reginald made mistakes, too, but his son has never made a mistake.Business people travel a lot. Hugo 5_(travel)all over the world. His father 6_(travel)on business, too, but not so much.Good business people make money. Hugo has made 50 million pounds now while his father made 10 million pounds.Business people can win prizes. Reginald 7_(win) the Exporter of the Year prize twice. But his son 8_(win) the prize four times already.A lot of business people dont take risks. Old Reginald 9_(not take) risks because he was afraid to. But his son has taken a few risks so far in his business.1. was 2. have been 3. have learnt 4. make 5. has traveled6. travelled 7. won 8. has won 9. didnt take 【Passage 2】Oprah WinfreyOprah Winfrey is a very unusual woman!She 1_(be) one of the highest-paid celebrities in the world. She is a talk show host, actress and producer. She 2_(appear)in many films, and also 3_(produce)a number of television movies. In April 2000 she 4_(launch)a magazine, which nowadays 5_(become) one of the most successful new magazines in America.By the time she was 12, she already 6_(have)a great plan. Not long afterward, she 7_(get)her first radio job. Although she hadnt had experience, she became a new reporter. When she got her own TV talk show, she had already acted in a Hollywood movie. By the late 1980s, “Oprah Winfrey” had become a well-known word. Then in 1994 she 8_(decide)to improve her talk shows. She also made a personal change. She had always had a weight problem, but in 1995 TV viewers 9_(see) a new Winfrey. She 10_(lose)almost ninety pounds through dieting and working out. She had also taken part in a marathon race. She has really been an unusual person to many people. 1.is 2. has appeared 3. has produced 4. launched 5. has become 6. had had 7. got 8. decided 9. saw 10. had lost【Passage 3】用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空。Seeing a Movie in an American Movie Theater I 1_(give) two tickets for my birthday. I 2_(dress) beautifully and invited one of my best friends to go with me. We went to the new movie theater downtown. We saw a movie that 3_(direct) by Steven Spielberg. This was my first time in an American movie theater, and several things 4_(happen) that seemed unusual to me.First, I was surprised that people 5_(eat) during the movie. Popcorn, candy and soda water 6_(sell) in the theater. Such things can hardly be seen in Chinas theaters. However, they sell well in the US and young people 7_(love) eating them. I dont understand why people buy food to eat during the movie.Also, coming attractions(影片预告) 8_(show) before the movie. During the coming attractions, a lot of people were talking. But as soon as the movie got started, everyone 9_(become)quiet. Another unusual thing was that at the end of the movie, nobody applauded. While the credits(影片制作人字幕) were being shown, people 10_(leave). It was also strange for me that the popcorn boxes and candy wrappers were left on the floor of the theater. I was also surprised that the movie theater was so small and narrow. I was told by my American friend that the theater was big at one time. But it 11_(divide) into several theaters so that several movies could be shown at the same time. It 12_(say) that more money will be made that way.1.was given 2.got dressed 3.was directed 4.happened 5.were eating6.are sold 7.love 8.are shown 9.became 10.were leaving11.was divided 12.is said五、【三年真题练一练】-看看高考怎么考！1.【2012江西卷26】-Look! Somebody the sofa. -Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it.Ais cleaningBwas cleaningChas cleaned Dhad cleaned2.【2012湖南卷33】-I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? - Sorry, I _ the piano for years. A. dont play B. wasnt playingC. havent played D. hadnt played3.【2012湖南卷27】The moment _ soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously. A. came B. has come C. was coming D. is coming4. 【2012湖南卷25】Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you. A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing5.【2012湖南卷22】. Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life. A. will be repaidB. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid6.【2012重庆卷27】Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres none left.A. have run out B. are running out C