二语习得第二章.ppt

unit2Thenatureoflearnerlanguage Group4ofClass6 Errorsanderroranalysis Developmentalpatterns Variabilityinlearnerlanguage sectionone Errorsanderroranalysis step1 Identifyingerrorsstep2 Describingerrorsstep3 Expainingerrorsstep4 Errorevaluation Identifyingerrors errorVSmistakeWhaterrorsandmistakesreflect Givesomeexamples error gapsinalearnersknowledgemistake occasionallapsesinperformance Developmentalpatterns 1 Theearlystages 2 Theorderofacquisition 3 Sequenceofacquisition 4 Implications Howtodistinguishthem 1 tochecktheconsistencyoflearners performance2 toasklearnerstocorrecttheirowndeviantutterances Describingerrors1 toclassifyerrorsintogrammaticalvategories2 toindentifygeneralways omission misonformation misordering Explainingerrors 1 systematic2 universal omission overgeneralization transfer Errorevaluation 1 globalerrors violatetheoverallstructureofasentence2 localerrors wronginasingleconstituentinasentence sectiontwo Developmentalpatterns Developmentalpatterns 1 Theearlystages 2 Theorderofacquisition 3 Sequenceofacquisition 4 Implications 1 Theearlystages Asilentperiodapreparation greetings requests BegintotalktwocharacteristicsLearngrammarsotherquestions Formulaicchunks Propositionalsimplification Acquisitionorder Sequenceofacquisition 2 Theorderofacquisition Naturalorder1 environmentalfactors2 internalfactorsNonaturalorder1 orderofaccuracy2 orderofacquisition 3 Sequenceofacquisition TransitionalconstructionsU shapedcourseofdevelopmentRestructuring overgeneralization reorganization 4 Implications 1 Learnerlanguagechangesovertime 2 Somelinguisticfeaturesareinherentlyeasier Conclusion Learnersnaturallylearnonefeaturebeforeanothertheymustnecessarilydoso Thekeypoint whethertheordersandsequencesofacquisitioncanbealteredthroughformalinstruction sectionthree Variabilityinlearnerlanguage Learnerlanguageisvariable e g onetypeoferrormayalternatewithanothertype Yesterdaythethiefstealthesuitcase Yesterdaythethiefstealingthesuitcase oranerrormayalternatewiththecorrecttarget languageform Yesterdaythethiefstealthesuitcase Yesterdaythethiefstolethesuitcase Itispossiblethatvariabilityisalsosystematic LearnersvaryintheiruseofL2accordingto thelinguisticcontextthesituationcontextthepsycholinguisticcontext thefreevariation thelinguisticcontext Definition Inonecontexttheyuseoneformwhileinothercontextstheyusealternateforms Evidences1 theverbitself event activityorastate 2 Otherconstituentoftheutterance adverboffrequencytheuseof tobe thesituationcontext Definition Learnersvarythelinguisticformstheyuseinaccordancewiththesituation thepsycholinguisticcontext Definition Itiswhetherlearnershavetheopportunitytoplantheirproduction timeisavailableornot 1 Learneruseahighproportionofirregularlanguageformsintheunplannednarrativethanintheplannedone 2 Learnerusetheformscorrectlyintheplannedthantheunplannednarrative Itisclearthatlearnersusethetargetlanguageisstronginfluencedbytheavailabilityofplanningtime Learnertrytomapparticularformsontoparticularfuction Theytrytomaketheparticularform functionmappingstoconformtothosefoundinthetargetlanguage thefreevariation Variabilityconstitutesanessenti