新概念三册全程班阅读专项(学生用书).doc

2011年高考英语专题复习阅读理解考情动态分析多年来阅读理解一直是高考英语测试的重头戏。全卷l 50分，阅读理解占40分，更何况其他题型如完形填空、短文改错甚至单项选择等都是对阅读理解能力的间接考查。可以毫不夸张地说，做好阅读理解题，是获得高考英语高分的关键！ 1高考对阅读理解的要求 (1)考试大纲对阅读理解的要求： 要求考生能读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章。考生应能： 理解主旨大意； 寻找具体信息； 识别不同文体特征； 根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义； 作出简单的判断和推理； 理解文章的基本逻辑结构； 把握作者的意图和态度； 理解文章的文化信息。 (2)新课程标准对阅读理解的目标要求： 新课程标准在语言技能部分中对“读”的八级目标是这样要求的： 能识别不同文体的特征； 能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长旬； 能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度； 能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理； 能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品； 除教材外，课外阅读量应累计达到30万词以上。2近几年高考阅读理解的题型设置、命题特点及预测 (1)题型设置阅读理解是历年高考英语的必考题型，在整个试卷中占的分值最大。一般是45篇短文，共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分。阅读理解的主要考查题型有：细节理解词义理解推理判断主旨大意图形识别(2)命题特点阅读材料的选择贴近生活，广泛多样所选短文多是外国人写的反映外国事物的内容，文章结构严谨，逻辑性强，英语语言地道、标准，话题适合当代中学生。问题的设置科学合理，检测重点放在考查考生获取信息、解决问题的语言运用能力上。(3)高考预测通过对近几年高考试题的分析，可知今后阅读理解题的命题趋向：更加重视词汇量的扩大，注意新增词汇；更加重视语篇分析、推测能力，而减少对事实、细节的考查；更加重视阅读量和阅读速度；采用原版英文材料，内容新颖，语言更加地道取材更加广泛，题材和体裁更加灵活多样。真题回放例2008(I)It is often necessary to release a fish, that is, set it free after catching, because it is too small, or you just dont want to take it home to eat. In some cases, releasing fish is a good measure that will help keep fish variety and build their population size. The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (DGIF) encourages fishermen who practice catch-and-release fishing to use a few simple skills when doing so. The advice provided below will help make sure that the fish you release will survive (存活) to bite again another day.When catching a fish, play it quickly and keep the fish in the water as much as possible. Dont use a net in landing the fish and release it quickly to prevent it from dying.Hold the fish gently. Do not put your fingers in its eyes. Dont wipe the scales (鱼鳞) off the fish because it might cause it to develop a disease and reduce its chance of survival.Remove your hook (鱼钩) quickly. If the hook is too deep or hooked in the stomach, cut the line and leave the hook in. The hook left inside will cause no serious problem to the fish.Take good care of the fish by moving it gently in water. Release the fish when it begins to struggle and is able to swim.Do not hold fish in a bucket or some other containers and later decide to release it. If you are going to release a fish, do so right away.With a little care and by following the suggestions given above, you can give the released fish a better chance of survival.64. People sometimes set a fish free after catching it because they _A. dont want it to die B. hope it will grow quicklyC. dont want to have it as food D. want to practice their fishing skills65. Which of the following will probably make a fish ill?A. Taking the hook off it. B. Removing its scales.C. Touching its eves D. Holding it in your hand.66. A proper way to release a fish is to _.A .move it in water till it can swim B. take the hook out of its stomachC. keep it in a bucket for some time D. let it struggle a little in your hand67. What is the purpose of the test?A. To show how to enjoy fishing. B. To persuade people to fish less often.C. To encourage people to set fish free. D. To give advice on how to release fish.解题方法1通读全文。掌握大意2问题先行，阅读随后3仔细审题，重点再读4全面理解，归纳推理5分析验证，确定答案主要考查的题型有：1主旨大意题标志性句子常见的有：Which sentence best expresses the main idea?Which of the following best summaries the passageThe passage is mainly about.The main ideaThe general ideaThe main purpose isThe central idea of the paragraph is thatThe best titleheadline for this passage isWhat is the main topic of this passage?The passage deals mainly withis mainly aboutis primarily concerned with对于这类考题，考生应做到： (1)寻找主题句(topic：sentence)从而抓住全段的中心思想。一般说来，每一个段落有一个中心思想，尤其是议论文和说明文更为典型。代表本段中心思想的句子叫做主题句，其常见位置是段首第一句或第二句，但也有可能在段尾或段中。 (2)概括全文寻找文章的中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的，各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。 高考典题 (2008山东)Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert(警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.Text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. The wireless industrys trade association, CTIA, estimates(估计) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act, a 2006 federal law that requires improvement to the nations emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies,” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said following approval of the plan.Participation in the alert system by carrierstelecommunications companiesis voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry.The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.There would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.The first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats,” which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be reserved for child abduction(绑架) emergencies, or so-called Amber Alerts.The service could be in place by 2010.66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting StudentsB. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless IndustryC. Cell Phone Alerts of Natural DisastersD. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻类文章。美国联邦政府打算利用手机短信免费为公众进行信息警报，这非常是快捷、有效的方式，并即将成为可能。方法提炼：通读全文，便可知本题答案。2细节理解题标志性句子：Which of the following statements is true (false)?Which of the following is (not) mentioned?Which of the following shows the right order of?Which is the correct order of the following events?What does the author mention?What is (not) mentioned in the passage?What do we know about?From the passage , we learn that.According to the passage，the writerThe writer says做这种类型的题往往需要运用检索阅读法(scanning)，即要注意题干中的标识语，带着问题有的放矢地在阅读材料中寻找某一特定信息(如：日期、数字、专有名词、原因和特点等)的具体位置。题干中的标识语是快速寻找答题依据的“路标”，最常见的就是用引号标识的关键词或标明了标识语所在的具体行数。高考典题 (2008浙江)Adrians “Amazing Race” started early when his parents realized that he, as a baby, couldnt hear a thing, not even loud noises. In a special school for the hearing-impaired (听觉受损的)，he learned sign language and got to mix with other disabled children. However, the sight of all the disabled children communicating with one another upset his mother. She wanted him to lead a normal life. So after speaking to an advisor, she sent him to private classes where he learned to read lips and pronounce words.Later on, Adrians parents decided to send him to a regular school. But the headmaster tried to prevent them from doing so, saying regular school couldnt take care of a special needs students. His parents were determined to take the risk and push him hard to go through his work everyday because they wanted to prove that, given the opportunity, he could do anything. Adrian made the grade and got accepted. It was a big challenge. The pace （节奏）was faster so he had to sit at the front of the class and really pay attention to the teacher, which wasnt always easy. But he stuck to it and did a lot of extra work after school.The efforts made by Adrian and his parents paid off. Adrian graduated with good grades and got into a top high school. He also achieved a lot in life outside school. He developed a love for the outdoors and went to Nepal to climb mountains. He even entered the World Yacht Race 05/06- being the first hearing-impaired Asian to do so.But none of these achievements would have been possible without one of the most important lessons from his mother.” “If you believe in yourself and work hard, you can achieve great results.” She often said.41. How did Adrian communicate with other children in the special school?A. By speaking. B. By using sign languageC. By reading lips D. By making loud noises【文章大意】：这是一篇关于一位听障青年（ a hearing-impaired young man）自强不息的励志故事,其中包括了母亲的呕心沥血，永不言弃的决心。本文呼吁家庭和社会应对残疾人有关爱之心，同时也在无形当中起到了鼓励青少年永不言败，自强不息。 方法提炼：做此类细节理解题时，关键是由题目而找对文中的关键信息。3推理判断题标志性句子：It can be inferred from the passage thatWhat does the author probably mean by?What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage following this one would most probably discussFrom the last paragraph，we infer thatBy the first sentence of the passage，the author means thatWhats the attitude of the author towards?What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想做推断时，先根据主题思想，再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证(opinion and fact)、原因与结果(cause and effect)、主要观点与次要观点(main idea and supporting idea)。高考典题 (2008福建)For years we have been told that encouraging a childs self-respect is important to his or her success in life. But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect. Praise-sholic kids who expect it at every turn may become teens who seek to same kind of approval from friends when asked if they want to go in the backseat of the car.The implication(含义) of saying “You are the prettiest girl in class,” or talking about thegoals she succeed but not her overall effort, is that you love her only when she looks the best, scores she highest, achieves the most. And this carries over to the classroom.Social psychologist Carrol Dweck, PhD, tested the effects of overpraise on 400 fifth graders while she was at Columbia University. She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on tests and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”.“Praising attributes(品质) or abilities makes a false promise that success will come to you because you have that quality, and it devalues effort, so children are afraid to take on challenges, ” says Dweck, now at Stanford University, “They figure theys better quit while theyre ahead.”62. The author quoted(引用) Dr. Dwecks words in the last paragraph in order to make the article _. A. better-known B. better-organized C. more percussive D. more interesting63. We can infer from the passage that _.A. praise for efforts should be more encouragedB. praise for results works better than praise for effortsC. praising a childs achievements benefits his or her success in lifeD. praising a childs abilities encourage him or her to take on challenges方法提炼：做此类题时，要注意抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容，由作者字里行间的意思去推断出字里行间之外的意义。 (1)通过定义、解释来推测词义高考示例Throughout the history of the arts，the nature of creativity has remained constant to artistsNo matter what objects they select，artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change-to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before1The underlined word“poetrymost probably means A .an object for artistic creation B. a collection of poemsC. an unusual quality D .a natural scene方法提炼：定语从句是对其所修饰的词的说明解释。同位语从句是对该词进行补充说明的作用。 (2)通过对比关系来推测词义高考示例The house looked quite normal outside，but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display2Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the third paragraph?A. Messy and untidy B. Rich and expensiveCComfortable and calming DForeign and unusual方法提炼：but是前后意义上的转折。 (3)通过因果关系推测词义高考示例I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big“ to do” over the younger one because she is the one who seems more easily hurtWe do it with the best of intentions3The underlined expression make a big“ to do” over means A. show much concern about B. have a special effect onC1istjobs to be done for Ddo good things for方法提炼：表示因果关系的because为上文提供了关键信息。 (4)通过同类关系来推测词义高考示例The researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallortigara of the University of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their ownersa positive experience-their tailswagged energetically to the right sideWhen they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right，but with somewhat less enthusiasmThe appearance of a cat again caused a righthand side wag，although with less intensity again 4The underlined word“intensity”in the passage meansA. surprise B. worry Cexcitement Dinterest方法提炼：对于生词，上下文也许对它已有说明。 (5)根据生活常识来猜测词义高考示例Shopkeepers in Modbury，population 1 500，agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on SaturdayThey said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead5The underlined word“disposablein the passage probably meansA acceptable B valuable C throw-away Dlong-lasting方法提炼：此题也可由生活常识得出答案。 (6)利用文义及逻辑关系来推测词义高考示例Born in Chicago in 1902，brought up and schooled in Nebraska，the 1 9-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education6The words“hooked on teaching”underlined inParagraph 2 probably mean一A. attracted to teaching Btired of teachingCsatisfied with teaching Dunhappy about teaching方法提炼：分析句子成分，became and changed是并列谓语，while是第一分句的时间状语。 (7)利用构词法知识推测词义高考示例The reasons for a visit to a lighthouse are not all so backward-looking in timeIt is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places7The underlined phrase“out-of-the-way”in Paragraph4 meansA. far-away B. dangerous Cancient Dsecret方法提炼：使用此种方法猜测词义时，须联系上下文灵活处理。 (8)利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义高考示例However obvious these facts may appear at first glance，they are actually not SO obvious as they seem except when we take special pains to think about the subject8In Paragraph 3，“take special pains”probably meansA. try very hard B. take our time C are very unhappy D. feel especially painful方法提炼：其实take pains to do sth已不是生词，意为“费力去做某事”。考能提升训练1Compassion is a desire within us to help othersWith effort, we can translate compassion into actionAn experience last weekend showed me this is trueI work part-time in a supermarket across from a building for the elderlyThese old people are our main customers, and its not hard to lose patience over their slownessBut last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lessonThis untidy man walked up to my register(收款机) with a box of biscuitsHe said he was out of cash(现金), had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboardsHe asked if we could let him have the food on trustHe promised to repay me the next dayI couldnt help staring at himI wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if luck had gone his wayI had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the worldI told him that I was sorry, but store rules didnt allow me to do soI felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my jobJust then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke upIf anything, he looked more pitiable“Charge it to me,” was all he saidWhat I had been feeling was pityPity is soft and safe and easyCompassion, on the other hand, is caring in actionI thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed eitherThen I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myselfI reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion.1The aged gentleman who wanted to buy the biscuits _.Apromised to obey the store rulesBforgot to take any money with himChoped to have the food first and pay laterDcould not afford anything more expensive2Which of the following best describes the old gentleman?Akind and luckyBpoor and lonelyCfriendly and helpfulDhurt and disappointed3The writer acted upon the store rules because _.Ahe wanted to keep his present jobBhe felt no pity for the old gentlemanChe considered the old man dishonestDhe expected someone else to pay for the old man4What does the writer learn from his experience?AWealth is more important than anything else.BHelping others is easier said than done. CExperience is better gained through practice. DObeying the rules means more than compassion.2 Reading is very important to help you learn English. To learn as much as you can from reading, you need to read different kinds of English. This book provides not only different kinds of English but also a good way to check your reading ability.There are four parts in the book:Part 1 is Messages: In this part somebody wants to send information in writing to somebody else.There is a test on timetables and a test on text messages.Part 2 is People: In this part all the tests are about people. For example, there is an informal letter between friends. There is formal (正式的) English in biography (传记) . There is a job application as a model to help with your writing, as well as testing your reading.Part 3 is Places: In this part, too. Many different kinds of English are shown, some informal and some formal. There is the informal English of a holiday postcarDThere is also the formal English in a letter of complaint.Part 4 is Things: You will find some descriptive writing in this part. There are descriptions of clothes and of a computer.You can do these tests in any order you l