Unit 2 Fit for life Reading 教学设计 1.doc

Unit 2 Fit for life Reading 教学设计 11. If you open up any medicine cupboard in the world, there is a high probability that you will find aspirin and penicillin. (P18) 倘若你打开世界上任何一个药柜，都很可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。Open upPhrasal verb M1) to show sth. that was hidden or not previously known:The security council debate could open uo sharp differences between the countries.2) to improve a situation by making it less limited.The government has announced plans to open up access to higher education.3) to make a space larger or less enclosed:Were going to open up our kitchen by knocking down a couple of walls.4) to open the lock on the door of a building:The caretaker opens up the school every morning at seven5) to do a medical operation on someone to see inside their body:When they opened her up， they couldnt find anything wrong with her.6) to start to talk more about yourself and your feelings:Ive never opened up to anyone like I do to babilityn. C or U the likelihood of sth. happening or being true:What is the probability of winning？The probability of getting all the answers correct is about one in ten.Theres a high/strong probability (that) (= It is very likely that) shell be here.Until yesterday， the project was just a possibility， but now it has become a real probability (= it is likely that it will happen).probableadj. likely to be true or likely to happen:The probable cause of death was heart failure. + that It is probable that share prices will fall still further.注意比较：probable: adj. 很可能的，与likely意思相近，有时可以互换；possible的语气稍弱。他们各自的句型如下：Its probable/possible for sb. to do sth.Its probable/possible thatIts likely thatsb./sth. is likely to do sth. 2. but in fact， 3，500 years ago， some recipes recommended drinking a tea made from the dried leaves of a particular plant to reduce body pains. (P18) 但事实上，早在3，500年前就有一些药方建议人们饮用一种由特殊植物的干叶制成的茶来减轻身体的病痛。recommendv. T to suggest that someone or sth. would be good or suitable for a particular job or purpose， or to suggest that a particular action should be done:I can recommend the chicken in mushroom sauce - its delicious.She has been recommended for promotion.The headmistress agreed to recommend the teachers proposals to the school governors.+ (that) The doctor recommended (that) I take more exercise.+ ing form of verb I recommend writing your feelings down on paper.recommendedadj.It is dangerous to take more than the recommended dose of this medicine.She is a highly recommended architect.recommendationn.1) C or U a suggestion that sth. is good or suitable for a particular purpose or job:I bought this computer on Johns recommendation (= because John told me that it was good).I got the job on Sams recommendation (= because she told her employers that I was suitable for the job).2) C advice telling someone what the best thing to do is:+ that The report makes the recommendation that no more prisons should be built.makefromto produce sth.， often using a particular substance or material:Butter is made out of/from milk.相关短语:makeof/be made ofEarrings are made of goldmakeinto/be made fromWood can be made into tables.make up/be made up ofEleven players make up the football team.The football team is made up of eleven players.3. The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899 when the company Hoffmann worked for began giving the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients. (P18) 1899年， 该药品第一次进行实验， 当时， 霍夫曼供职的公司开始将该药以粉末形式提供给医师， 让他们用于病人。trialn. C or U 1) a test， usually over a limited period of time， to discover how effective or suitable sth. or someone is:Theyre doing clinical trials on a new drug.Theyve employed her for a six-month trial (period).MAINLY UK You can buy any of their garden equipment on trial/US USUALLY on a trial basis， and if you dont like it you can give it back.2) the hearing of statements and showing of objects， etc. in a court of law to judge whether a person is guilty of a crime or to decide a case or a legal matter:Trial by jury is a fundamental right.It was a very complicated trial that went on for months.Shes going on/standing trial for fraud.trial and errorn. a way of achieving an aim or solving a problem by trying a number of different methods and learning from the mistakes that you make:Theres no instant way of finding a cure - its just a process of trial and error.take place: to happen:The concert takes place next Thursday.同义词辨析: happen：(of a situation or an event) to have existence or come into existence:No one knows exactly what happened but several people have been hurt.Anything could happen in the next half hour.A funny thing happened in the office today.Whats happened to my pen (= Where is it)？ I put it down there a few moments ago. to do or be by chance:+ to infinitive They happened to look (= looked by chance) in the right place almost immediately.+ (that) Fortunately it happened (that) there was no one in the house at the time of the explosion.occur: to happen:An accident involving over ten vehicles has occurred in the east-bound lane.If any of these symptoms occur while you are taking the medicine， consult your doctor immediately.occur to sb. phrasal verbIf a thought or idea occurs to you， it comes into your mind:The thought did occur to me.+ that It never even occurred to us that he hadnt been invited.to exist or be present in， among， etc:Violence of some sort seems to occur in every society.Minerals occur naturally in the earths crustinform=in the form ofThe lawn was laid out in the form of the figure eight.in any shape or formof any type:Im opposed to war in any shape or form.4. A year later， in 1900， aspirin was sold in shops as a tablet containing 500 milligrams of ASA. (P18) 一年以后，阿司匹林被制成片剂在药店出售，每片含有200毫克的乙酰水杨酸。containv. T not continuous to have sth. inside or include sth. as a part:How much liquid do you think this bottle contains？Ive lost a file containing a lot of important documents.Try to avoid foods which contain a lot of fat.The allegations contained in this report are very serious.注意比较: includev. T to contain sth. as a part of sth. else， or to make sth. part of sth. else:The book contains 40 maps， including a map of China.The bill includes tax and service.Tax and service are included in the bill.5. Lawrence Craven， a doctor from the USA， is the author of several published reports， one of which introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin could reduce the risk of heart attacks by thinning blood. (P18) 美国的一位医生劳伦斯克雷文发表了好几篇报告，其中1953年的一篇报告提出了阿司匹林可以稀释血液。thinadj. (thinner， thinnest) having a small distance between two opposite sides:a thin bookthin black linesa thin jacketadj. (thinner， thinnest) (of the body) with little flesh on the bones:Did you notice how thin her wrists were？Thin， hungry dogs roamed the streets.Adj. (thinner， thinnest) (of a liquid) flowing easily:a thin soupv. T to make a substance less thick， often by adding a liquid to it:Thin the sauce down with a little stock. 6. and in 1977， a study carried out in the USA showed that the chemical ASA in aspirin could prevent a stroke， which is a type of serious illness when blood vessels in the brain burst suddenly or are blocked. (P18) 1977年，美国的一项研究证明，阿司匹林中的化学物质乙酰水杨酸能预防中风。中风是由于大脑血管爆裂或梗塞而产生的一种突发疾病。blockn. C 1) a solid straight-sided lump of hard material:a block of wood/ice2) a group of things bought， dealt with， or considered together:a block of tickets/seats/sharesCorporate-hospitality firms make block bookings (= buy large numbers of seats) at big sporting events.3) a large， usually tall building divided into separate parts for use as offices or homes by several different organizations or people:an office block4) the distance along a street from where one road crosses it to the place where the next road crosses it， or one part of a street like this， especially in a town or city:The museum is just six blocks away.My friend and I live on the same block.5) a square group of buildings or houses with roads on each side:I took a walk around the block.6)A block in (= An object blocking) the pipe was preventing the water from coming through.v. T to prevent movement through sth.， or to prevent sth. from happening or succeeding:A fallen tree is blocking the road.My view was blocked by a tall man in front of me.She was very talented and I felt her parents were blocking her progress.7. In 1999， aspirin was 100 years old and yet there have been more discoveries on how it can help increase the length of peoples lives. (P19) 到1999年，阿司匹林已有100年的历史，然而关于它如何帮助延长人类寿命方面还有更多的发现。lengthn. 1) C or U the measurement of sth. from end to end or along its longest side:The boat is ten metres in length.The length of the bay is approximately 200 miles.She planted rose bushes (along) the length of the garden (= the whole distance along it).2) C a piece of sth. such as string or pipe:a length of rope3) C the amount of time sth. takes:the length of a film/speech/playHe is unable to concentrate on his work for any length of time (= for anything more than a short time).keep sb. at arms lengthto not allow someone to become too friendly with you:I always had the feeling she was keeping me at arms length.at length1) for a long time:George went on at great length about his various illnesses.2) FORMAL If sth. happens at length， it happens after a long period of time:At length， the authorities allowed her to go home.8. He noted that mould had grown on a special transparent jelly that had bacteria on it. (P19) 他注意到，带有细菌的一种特殊的，透明的果子冻上长起了霉。notev. T SLIGHTLY FORMAL 1) to notice sth.:They noted the consumers growing demand for quicker service.+ (that) Please note (that) we will be closed on Saturday.+ question word Note how easy it is to release the catch quickly.2) to give your attention to something by discussing it or making a written record of it:+ that He said the weather was beyond our control， noting that last summer was one of the hottest on record.In the article， she notes several cases of medical incompetence. n. U FORMALimportance， or when sth. deserves attention:There was nothing of note in the latest report.notedadj. known by many people， especially because of particular qualities:Summerhill school is noted for its progressive policies.Shes not noted for her patience (= She is not a patient person).9. It was not until World War II that two other scientists managed to use new chemical techniques to purify it. (P19)直到二战另外两个科学家才设法使用新的化学方法来净化它。It was not until that 这是一个not until结构的强调句型。强调句型的结构为：It is/was +被强调部分+that高考链接1. It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. (2006全国II)A. when B. that C. where D. before2. It was after he got what he had desired _ he realized it was not so important. (2006辽宁)A. that B. when C. since D. as答案：1-2 B A 10. He named the chemical found in the mould penicillin and tried to make it pure to be a medicine， but was unable to do that. (P19) 他把霉里的化学物质命名为青霉素并尽力提纯该物质以便制药，但没能做成。namev. T 1) to give someone or sth. a name:+ two objects We named our dogs Shandy and Belle.A man named Dennis answered the door.2) to say what sth. or someones name is:In the first question you had to name three types of monkey.He couldnt name his attacker.n. C the word or words that a person， thing or place is known by:Hi， whats your name？ My names Diane.Please write your full (= complete) name and address on the form.Whats the name of that mountain in the distance？We finally agreed on the name Luca for our son.The students were listed by name and by country of origin.pureadj. not mixed with anything else:a pure cotton shirtNOTE: The opposite is impure.purifyv. T to remove bad substances from sth. to make it pure:Plants help to purify the air.One of the functions of the kidneys is to purify the blood.unableadj. be unable to do sth. to not be able to do sth.:We were unable to contact him at the time.11. They were able to produce it in large quantities. (P19) 他们能够大量地生产它。ableadj. be able to do sth. to have the necessary physical strength， mental power， skill， time， money or opportunity to do sth.:Will she be able to cope with the work？Hes never been able to admit to his mistakes.Im sorry that I wasnt able to phone you yesterday.Its so wonderful being able to see the sea from my window.ability (POWER) n. C or U the physical or mental power or skill needed to do sth.:Theres no doubting her ability.+ to infinitive She had the ability to explain things clearly and concisely.Shes a woman of considerable abilities.For reference1. be able to 不可以和can/could连用，可以和may/might连用；2. could表示过去存在的状态，而was/were able to表示过去发生的动作。For example:He could swim at 10 and once he was able to swim across the river.quantityn. C or U the amount or number of sth.， especially that can be measured or is fixed:Police found a large/small quantity of drugs in his possession.We consumed vast quantities of food and drink that night.The (sheer) quantity (= large amount) of equipment needed for the trip is staggering.They are now developing ways to produce the vaccine in large quantities and cheaply.For reference表示“许多”的词或短语如下：(1) 修饰可数名词的：many， a great/good many， quite a few， a large/great number of/numbers of， many a(2) 修饰不可数名词的：much， a great deal of， a large amount of/large amounts of(3) 既可以修饰可数又可以修饰不可数名词的：a lot of/lots of， plenty of， a large quantity of/large quantities of， a mass of， masses of高考链接We always keep _ spare paper， in case we ran out. (2006浙江)A. too much B. a number C. plenty of D. a good many答案：C12. If penicillin had not been available， many people would have died from bacterial illnesses or even minor wounds. (P19) 如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于由细菌引起的疾病。availableadj. able to be obtained， used， or reached:Is this dress available in a larger size？Theres no money available for an office party this year.It is vital that food is made available to the famine areas.+ to infinitive Im afraid Im not available to help with the show on the 19th.diev. I (dying， died， died) to stop living or existing， either suddenly or slowly:Twelve people died in the accident.She died of/from hunger/cancer/a heart attack/her injuries.It is a brave person who will die for their beliefs.die相关短语:die from： 死于(外因) die of： 死于(疾病，饥饿，严寒等内因)die away： (声音等的)消逝 die down： (火势，怒气等的)平息die out： (风俗习惯，物种等的)灭绝，消失 die off： 相继死去直至死光die for：为而死；渴望得到For example:The sound of his footsteps gradually died away. It was several minutes before the applause died down.Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.Its a custom which is beginning to die out.His parents died off within a year. I am dying for/to have a drink.13. Penicillin is also used to treat other illnesses including pneumonia， an illness that affects the lungs. (P19) 青霉素也用于治疗其他的疾病，其中包括肺炎，这是一种侵袭肺部的疾病.affectv. T to have an influence on someone or sth.， or to cause them to change:Both buildings were badly affected by the fire.The divorce affected every aspect of her life.Its a disease which affects mainly older people.I was deeply affected by the film (= It caused strong feelings in me).14. In 1945， all the three scientists， Fleming， Florey and Chain， shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work， and penicillin rapidly became the powerful wonder drug which saved millions of lives. (P19) 由于弗莱明， 弗洛里和钱恩的贡献， 1945年他们共同获得诺贝尔奖的生理学或医药学奖， 而青霉素因挽救了数百万人的生命， 很快成为一种强大的“神奇药品”。sharev. 1) I or T to have or use sth. at the same time as someone else:Shes very possessive about her toys and finds it hard to share.Bill and I shared an office for years.I share a house with four other people.2) I or T to divide food， money， goods， etc. and give part of it to someone else:Will you share your sandwich with me？Lets share the sweets (out) among/between everyone.We should share (in) the reward.3) I or T If two or more people share an activity， they each do some of it:Shall we share the driving？We shared the preparation for the party between us， so it wasnt too much work.4) I or T If two or more people or things share a feeling， quality or experience， they both or all have the same feeling， quality or experience:We share an interest in sailing.All hospitals share some common characteristics.I dont share your views/beliefs.wonderv. 1) I to ask yourself questions or express a desire to know about sth.:+ question word Hadnt you better phone home？ Your parents will be wondering where you are.Hes starting to wonder whether he did the right thing in accepting this job.+ speech Will this turkey be big enough for eight， I wonder？Have you decided where youre going next summer？ Ive been wondering about (= considering) going to Florida.2) used in phrases， at the beginning of a request， to make it more formal and polite:+ speech I wonder - could you help me carry these books？+ question word I wonder whether you could pass me the butter？I wonder if you could give me some information about places to visit in the area？n. 1) U a feeling of great surprise and admiration caused by seeing or experiencing sth. that is strange and new:The sight of the Grand Canyon stretching out before them filled them with wonder.The boys gazed in wonder at the shiny red Ferrari.2) C usually plural an object that causes a feeling of great surprise and admiration:We spent a week visiting the wonders of Ancient Greek civilization.wonder drugn