语法复习三 主谓一致.doc

语法复习四：主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。（一）语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用_形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用_形式。如：His father _( work) on the farm. / To study English well _ not easy. / What he said _ very important for us all. / The children _in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun _ bad for your eyes.注意：由what引导的主语从句，若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用_形式。如：What I bought _three English books.2、由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用_形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily _twins. / The boy and the girl _ surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he _ Young Pioneers.注意： 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用_形式。如：The writer and artist _ come.; / 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher _ in the room. / No boy and no girl _ it. more than a (an) , many a (an)3、主语为单数名词或代词，后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词用_形式；若主语为复数，谓语用_形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, _ come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike _ on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, _very tall.4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us _ a new book. / Everything around us _ new.注意： 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词_。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用_；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用_。如：None of us has (have) been to America.5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中_的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who _ working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who _ working hard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用_；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用_形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, population, 等。如：Class Four _on the third floor. / Class Four _ unable to agree upon a monitor. 注意people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作_。如：The police_looking for the lost child.7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词” 以及“分数或百分数+名词”作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面_的数而定。如：There _ a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture _ wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class _girls.注意： a number of“许多”，作定语修饰_名词，谓语用_；the number of“的数量”，主语是number，谓语用_。8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There _(come)the bus./ On the wall _ many pictures. / Such _the result. / Such _ the facts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All _ going well. / All _ gone to Beijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用_形式，主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes _enough for the work. 3、若英语是书名、片名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用_形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”_an interesting story-book.4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接_名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。如：One and a half apples _ left on the table.5、四则运算其谓语动词采用_形式。如：Twelve plus eight _twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight _seven.6、一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用_形式。如：The paper works _ built in 1990. / I think physics _easy to study.7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时，谓语用_，但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用_。如：My glasses _ broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed _his.8、“定冠词the + 形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用_。表示某一类物时，动词用_。The old _always respected. The beauty _ loved by all.（三）就近一致原则：1、当两个主语由either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students _our friends. / Neither they nor he _ right. / _ neither he nor they wholly right?2、there be句型be动词应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There _ two chairs and a desk in the room.语法经典练习：1.I, who_ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.A.am B.is C.are D.be2. The rich _ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I _ his students.A.are B.am C.is D.was4. Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China.A. are studying B. have studied C. studies D. study5. Neither my father nor I _ at home.A.am B.is C.are D.be6. Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _ good painters.,A.are;are B.am;am C.ani;are D.is;is7. Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party.A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like8. Over 80 percent of the population of China _ peasants.A.was B.is C. would be D.are9. The population of China _ larger than that of .any other country in the world.A.is B.are C.has D.have10. Every means _ tried but without any result.A. have been B.is to be C.are to be D. has been11. Alice, together with two boys,_ for having broken the rule.A. was punished B. punished C. were punished D. being punished12. The League secretary and the monitor_ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.A.is B.was C.are D.is being13. The great writer and professor_.A. is an old man B. are both old menC. is an old man and a young man D. were two Chinese14. There _ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.A.are B.is C.has D.have15. A large number of students in our class_ girls.A. are B. was C. is D. be16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses _ much if people leave things as they are.A. doesn t change B.dont change C.change D.changed17. The Arabian Nights _ well known to the English.A. is B. are C. was D. were18. Chairman Mao s works _ published.A. has been B.have been C.was D.is19. A chemical works_ built there.A. is to being B.have been C. were to D.has been20. The Olympic Games _ held every _ years.A.is;four B.are;four C.is;five D.are;five21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.A.is B.are C.was D.were22.He is the only one of die students who _ elected.A. are B.have C.has D.is23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked.A.have B.has C. have been D.has been24.Many a man _ come to help us.A.have B.has C.is D.are25.All_ present and all_ going on well, our monitor said.A.is;is B.are;are C.are;is D.is;are26. The police _ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching for B. were searching forC. are searching for D. were searching27.Your trousers_ dirty.You must have_ washed.A.is;il B.are;it C.are;them D.is;them28.This pair of trouseis _ too long for him.A.is B.be C.are D.were29. One and a half bananas _ left on the table.A.is B.are C.has D.have30. Eight times eight _ sixty - four.A.is B.are C.get D.equal虚拟语气、倒装句型专练1. Little _ about what others think.A.he has cared B.he cares C.cared he D.does he care2._ got into the room _ the telephone rang. (NMET) A.He hardly had;then B.Hardly had he;when C.He had not;than D.Not had he;when3.Only by practising a few hours every day _ be able to master the language. (上海高考) Ayou can B.can you C.you will D.will you4.If I _ him yesterday I _ him about it. A.saw;would ask B.had seen;would have asked C.had seen;would ask D.saw;would have asked5.What do you think would happen if there _ no light during the days? A.is B.will be C.were D.would be6._ you succeed in everything and _ you be healthy. A.Hope;wish B.Wish;hope C.May;may D.Expect;hope7.But for your help,I _ the place. A.cant find B.cant have found C.couldnt have found D.havent found8.If her lawyer _ here last Sunday,he _ her from going. A.had been;would have prevented B.had been;would prevent C.were;would prevent D.were;would have prevented9.If it had not been for the liberation,no changes _ place in my hometown. A.would have taken B.would have been taken C.will taken D.will be taken10._ late tommorrow,who would take her place? A.Should Miss Green come B.If Miss Green would come C.Miss Green should come D.If Miss Green comes11._ it _,the crops _ be saved. A.Had;rained;could B.Should;rain;would C.If;rains;should D.Would;rain;should12.The actor is over fifty.But he acts as if he _ a young man. A.is B.will be C.should be D.were13.It seems as if it _ already summer now. A.were B.be C.is D.had been14.I wish I _ him the day before yesterday. A.saw B.could see C.had seen D.was seeing15.I made the suggestion that they _ the plan they had made. A.stick to B.stuck to C.insist D.insisted on16.It is suggested that a study plan _ right now. A.is made B.is to be made C.be made D.had been made17.They required that we _ them get in the crops. A.help B.helped C.were helping D.would help18.She should have attended the class,but she _ . A.hadnt B.hasnt C.didnt D.doesnt19.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library,which made the smokers unhappy. A.is forbidden B.would permit C.be allowed D.should not be allowed20.Not once _ his view of life. A.did the gentleman mention B.the gentleman mentioned C.mentioned the gentleman D.does the gentleman mention21.In the sun _ a group of young soldiers,gun in hand. A.did stand B.had stood C.standing D.stood22. You forgot to hand in your homework yesterday. Good heavens! _.Here you are. A.So I did B.So did I C.I did,too D.So you have23._ with his slippers on when he heard the terrible noise. A.Out did he rush B.Rushed he out C.Out rushed he D.Out he rushed24.No sooner _ finished the composition _ the light went out. A.I had;when B.I had;than C.had I;when D.had I;than25.It was not until _ to prepare his lessons.A. did his father come in that the boy beganB. his father came in that the boy beganC. did his father come in did the boy beginD. his father came in did the boy begin26._,so you are not a friend of mine. A.I never saw you before B.Never before I have seen you C.Never before have I seen you D.Never had I seen you before27.David has made great progress recently. _,and _. (上海高考) A.So he has;so you have B.So he has;so have you C.So has he;so have you D.So has he;so you have28.Never _ till tomorrow what may be done today. A.put off B.do put off C.did you put off D.you will put off29.Have you written these letters? No,_ time to do any other work yet. A.hardly I have B.I have had hardly C.I have hardly had D.I hardly have had30._ get such a pair of shoes for my son? A.Where do you think can I B.Do you think where can I C.Do you