医学生必备-解剖专业词汇 6.docVIP

解剖专业词汇 6 神经sensory organs 感觉器receptor 感受器exteroceptor 外感受器interoceptor 内感受器proproceptor 本体感受器visual organ(eye) 视器eyeball眼球axis oculi眼轴axis optica 视轴cornea 角膜sclera巩膜sinus venous sclerae巩膜静脉窦iris虹膜pupil瞳孔trabecular reticulum 小梁网sphincter pupillae 瞳孔括约肌dilator pupillae 瞳孔开大肌ciliary bode 睫状体ciliary processes 睫状突ciliary muscle 睫状肌choroids 脉络膜retina 视网膜optic disc 视神经盘 fovea centralis 中央凹macula lutea 黄斑chambers of eyeball眼房aqueous humor 房水lens 晶状体vitreous body玻璃体accessory organs of eye眼副器eyelids眼睑lacrimal lacus 泪湖lacrimal papilla 泪乳头lacrimal punctum泪点larsal glands 睑板腺conjunctiva 结膜palpebral conjunctiva 睑结膜bulbar conjunctiva 球结膜conjunctival sac 结膜囊lacrimal apparatus 泪器lacrimal gland 泪腺lacrimal ductule 泪小管lacrimal sac 泪囊nasolacrimal duct 鼻泪管extraocular muscles 眼球外肌levator palpebrae superioris 上睑提肌rectus superior上直肌rectus medialis 内直肌rectus inferior 下直肌rectus lateralis 外直肌obliquu superior上斜肌obliquus inferior下斜肌adipose body of orbit 眶脂体orbital fasciae 眶筋膜periorbita 眶骨膜fascial sheath of eyeba ll 眼球筋膜鞘sheath of ocular muscles 眼肌筋膜鞘orbital septum 眶隔ophthalmic a.眼动脉central artery of retina 视网膜中央动脉optic nerve 视神经vestibulocochlear organ前庭蜗器external ear 外耳auricle 儿廓auricular lobule 耳垂external acoustic pore 外耳门external acoustic meatus 外耳道tympanic menbrane 鼓膜middle ear 中耳tympanic cavity 鼓室cone of light光锥umbo of tympanic menbrane 鼓膜脐promontory 岬fenestra vestibuli 前庭窗fenestra cochleae 蜗窗auditory ossicles听小骨malleus 锤骨incusstapes 镫骨tensor tympani 骨膜张肌stapedius 镫骨肌auditory tube咽鼓管mastoid antrum乳突窦mostoid cells乳突小房internal ear 内耳bony labyrinth 骨迷路vestibule 前庭bony semicircular canals骨半规管cochlea 耳蜗modiolus 蜗轴cochlear spiral canal 蜗螺旋管osseous spiral lamina 骨螺旋板hamulus of spiral lamina螺旋板钩spiral canal of modiolus 蜗轴螺旋管ganglion of cochlea 藏蜗神经节scala vestibuli 前庭阶scala tympani 鼓阶helicotrema蜗孔membranous labyrinth 膜迷路utricle 椭圆囊utriculosaccular duct 椭圆囊球囊管endolymphatic sac 内淋巴囊maculartriculi 椭圆囊斑saccule 球囊ductus reunions 连合管utriculosaccular 椭圆囊球囊管macula sacculi 球囊斑semicircular ducts 膜半规管crista ampullaris 壶腹嵴cochlear duct 蜗管spiral organ 螺旋器internal acoustic meatus 内耳道olfactory organ 嗅器gustatory organ 味器taste bud 味蕾skin 皮肤epidermis 表皮dermis 真皮crease 皮褶nervous system神经系统central nervous system中枢神经系统peripheral nervous system周围神经系统somatic nerve躯体神经visceral nerve内脏神经afferent nerve传入神经efferent nerve传出神经neuron神经元neuroglia神经胶质reflex 反射reflex arc反射弧gray matter灰质cortex皮质white matter白质nucleus神经核medulla髓质fasciculus纤维束nerve神经ganglion神经节spinal cord脊髓cervical enlargement颈膨大lumbosacral enlargement腰骶膨大conus medullaris脊髓圆锥filum terminale终丝anterior median fissure前正中裂posterior median sulcus后正中沟Posterior intermediate sulcus后中间沟cauda equina马尾central canal中央管anterior horn前角posterior horn后角intermediate zone中间带anterior funiculus前索lateral funiculus外侧索posterior funiculus后索reticular formation网状结构nucleus proprius后角固有核substantia gelatinosa胶状质nuc leus thoracicus胸核intermediomedial nucleus中间内侧核intermediolateral nucleus中间外侧核sacral parasymphetic nucleus骶副交感核fasciculus gracilis薄束fasciculus cuneatus契束posterior spinocerebellar tract脊髓小脑后束anterior spinocerebellar tract脊髓小脑前束spinothalamic tract脊髓丘脑束 corticospinal tract皮质脊髓束rubrospinal tract红核脊髓束vestibulospinal tract前庭脊髓束reticulospinal tract网状脊髓束tectospinal tract顶盖脊髓束medial longitudinal fasciculus内侧纵束brain脑brain stem脑干medulla oblongate延髓bulbopontine sulcus延髓脑桥沟pyramid锥体decussation of pyramid锥体交叉olive橄榄inferior olive nucleus下橄榄核gracilis tubercule薄束结节cuneate tubercule楔束结节inferior cerebellar pedencle小脑下脚pons脑桥basilar part of pons脑桥基底部basilar sulus基底沟middle cerebellar peduncle小脑中脚superior cerebellar peduncle小脑上脚rhomiboid fossa菱形窝lateral recess外侧隐窝striae medullares髓纹median sulcus正中沟sulcus limitans界沟vestibular area前庭区acoustic tubercle听结节medial eminence内侧隆起hypoglossal triangle eminence舌下神经三角 vagal triangle迷走神经三角area postrema最后区obex闩facial colliculus面神经丘locus ventricle蓝斑fourth ventricle第四脑室superior medullary velum上髓帆 inferior medullary velum下髓帆tela choroidea of fourth ventricle第四脑室脉络组织ependyma室管膜median aperture of fourth ventricle第四脑室正中孔lateral aperture of fourth ventricle第四脑室外侧孔midbrain中脑crus cerebri大脑脚interpedunculi fossa脚间窝posterior perforated substance后穿质superior colliculus上丘inferior colliculus下丘brachium of superior colliculus上丘臂brachium of inferior colliculus下丘臂cerebral aqueduct大脑水管general somatic motor nucleus一般躯体运动核general somatic afferent nucleus一般躯体感觉核special somatic afferent nucleus特殊躯体感觉核special visceral motor nucleus特殊内脏运动核general visceral motor nucleus一般内脏运动核general visceral afferent nucleus一般内脏感觉核special visceral afferent nucleus特殊内脏感觉核oculomotor nucleus动眼神经核 trochlear nucleus滑车神经核abducens nucleus展神经核hypoglossal nucleus舌下神经核motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve三叉神经运动核facial nucleus面神经核nucleus ambiguous疑核spinal accessory nucleus副神经核accessory oculomotor nucleus动眼神经副核superior salivatory nucleus上泌蜒核inferior salivatory nucleus下泌蜒核dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve迷走神经背核nucleus of solitary tract孤束核mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve三叉神经中脑核pontine nucleus of trigeminal nerve三叉神经脑桥核spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve三叉神经脊束核cochlear nuclei蜗神经核vestibular nuclei前庭神经核gracile nucleus薄束核cuneate nucleus锲束核decussation of medial lemniscus内侧丘系交叉trapezoid body斜方体inferior olivary nucleus下橄榄核superior olivary nucleus上橄榄核nucleus of lateral lemniscus外侧丘系核pontine nuclei脑桥核inferior colliculus下丘superior colliculus上丘pretectal region顶盖前区red nucleus红核substantia nigra黑质ventral tegmental area腹侧被盖区medial lemniscus内侧丘系spinathalamic tract脊髓丘脑束ventral spinocerebellar tract脊髓小脑前束dorsal spinocerebellar tract脊髓小脑后束 lateral lemniscus外侧丘系median longitudinal fasciculus内恻纵束trigeminal lemniscus三叉丘系pyramidal tract锥体束corticospinal tract皮质脊髓束corticonuclear tract皮质核束medial medullary syndrome延髓内侧综合症lateral medullary syndrome延髓外侧综合症basal pontine syndrome脑桥脚底综合症alternating abducens hemiplegia展神经交叉性偏瘫dorsal pons syndrom脑桥背侧部综合症alternating oculomotor hemiplegia动眼神经交叉性偏瘫peduncular syndrom大脑脚底综合症reticular formation网状结构raphe nuclei中缝核cerebellum小脑erebellar cortex小脑皮质 ccerebellar folia叶片vermis小脑蚓cerebellar hemisphere小脑半球cerebellar nuclei小脑核medullary center髓体 fastigial nucleus顶核globose nucleus球状核emboliform nucleus栓状核dentate nucleus齿状核interposed nuclei中间核flocculondular lobe绒球小结叶spinocerebellum脊髓小脑cerebrocerebellum大脑小脑vestibulocerebellum前庭小脑diencephalons间脑dorsal thalamus丘脑 internal medullary lamina内髓板metathalamus后丘脑medial geniculate body内侧膝状体lateral geniculate body外侧膝状体epithalamus上丘脑pineal body松果体subthalaum底丘脑hypothalaum下丘脑optic chiasma视交叉tuber cinerem灰结节 infundibulum漏斗mammilary body乳头体supraoptic视上核paraventricular室旁核infundibulum nucleus漏斗核medial forebrain bundle前脑内侧束mamillothalamic tract乳头丘脑束hypophysial portal veins垂体门脉paraventriculohypophysealtract室旁垂体束Supraventriculohypophysealtract室上垂体束tuberoinfundibular tract结节漏斗束telencephalon端脑cerebral cortex大脑皮质basal nuclei基底核lateral ventricle侧脑室cerebral longitudinal fissure大脑纵裂corpus callosum胼坻体lateral sulcus外侧沟central sulcus中央沟paraietoocipital sulus顶状沟frontal lobe额叶occipital lobe枕叶temporal lobe颞叶parietal lobe顶叶insula岛叶precentral gyrus中央前回superior frontal gyrus额上回middel frontal gyrus额中回inferior frontal gyrus额下回postcentral gyrus中央后回supramarginal gyrus缘上回anaular gyrus角回transverse temporal gyrus颞横回calcarine sulcus距状沟cuneus楔回lingual gyrus舌回cingulated gyrus扣带回parahippocampal gyrus海马旁回uncus钩dentate gyrus齿状回 hippocampus海马limbic lobe边缘叶first somatic motor area第一躯体运动区 first somatic sensoyr area第一躯体感觉区visual area视觉区auditory area听觉区vestibular area平衡觉区olfactory area嗅觉区gustatory area味觉区motor speech area运动语言中枢writing area书写中枢 auditory speech area听觉语言中枢visual speech area视觉语言中枢interventricular foramen室间孔 corpus striatum纹状体caudate nucleus尾状核lentiform nucleus豆状核putamen壳globus pallidus苍白球claustrum屏状核amygdaloid body杏仁体commissural fibers联合纤维 fornix穹隆projetion fibers投射纤维internal capsule内囊limbic system边缘叶septal area隔区peripheral nervous system周围神经系统cranial nerve脑神经spinal nerve脊神经autonomic nervous system自主神经系统vegetative nervous system植物神经系统sympathetic nerve交感神经para sympathetic nerve副交感神经ganglion神经节nerve神经spinal nerve脊神经cervical nerves颈神经thoracic nerves胸神经lumbar nerves腰神经sacral nerves骶神经coccygeal nerves尾神经spinal ganglion脊神经节anterior branch前支posterior branch后支suboccipital nerve枕下神经greater occipital nerve枕大神经superior gluteal nerve臀上皮神经 middle gluteal nerve臀中皮神经meningeal branch脊膜支sinuvertebral nerve窦椎神经communicating branch交通支cervical plexus颈丛lesser occipital nerve枕小神经great auricular nerve耳大神经transerse nerve of neck颈横神经supraclavicular nerve锁骨上神经phrenic nerve膈神经accessory phrenic nerve副膈神经ansa cervicalis颈袢brachial plexus臂丛long thoracic nerve胸长神经dorsal scapular nerve肩胛背神经suprascapular nerve肩胛上神经medial pectoral nerve胸内侧神经lateral pectoral nerve胸外侧神经thoracodorsal nerve胸背神经axillary nerves腋神经musclocuteneous nerve肌皮神经musculocuteneous nerve正中神经pronator syndrome旋前肌综合症ulnar nerve尺神经radial nerve桡神经superficial branch桡神经浅支deep branch桡神经深支posterior interosseous nerve骨间后神经medial brachial cutaneous nerve臂内侧皮神经medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve前臂内侧皮神经thoracic nerves胸神经intercostal nerve肋间神经subcostal nerve肋下神经intercostalbrachial nerve肋间臂神经lumbar plexus腰丛lumbosacral trunk腰骶干iliohypogastric nerve髂腹下神经ilioiguinal nerve髂腹股沟神经lateral femoral cutaneus nerve股外侧皮神经femoral nerve股神经genitofemoral nerve生殖股神经obturator nerve闭孔神经accessory obturator nerve副闭孔神经sacral plexus骶丛 superior gluteal nerve臀上神经inferior gluteal nerve臀下神经posterior femoral cutaneous股后皮神经pudendal nerve阴部神经dorsal nerve of penis阴茎背神经anal nerve肛神经perineal nerve会阴神经sciatic nerve坐骨神经tib ial nerve胫神经medial planter nerve足底内侧神经lateral planter nerve足底外侧神经 common peroneal nerve腓总神经superficial peroneal nerve腓浅神经deep peroneal nerve腓深神经cranial nerves脑神经cranial ganglion脑神经节olfactory nerve嗅神经optic nerve视神经oculomotor nerve动眼神经ciliary ganglion睫状神经节trochlear nerve滑车神经trigeminal nerve三叉神经trigeminal ganglion三叉神经神经节ophthalmic nerve眼神经lacrimal nerve泪腺神经frontal nerve额神经nasociliary nerve鼻睫神经Infratrochlear nerve滑车下神经maxillary nerve上颌神经infraorbital nerve眶下神经zygomatic nerve颧神经superior alveolar nerves上牙槽神经pterygopalatine nerve翼腭神经mandibular nerve下颌神经auriculotemporal nerve耳颞神经buccal nerve颊神经lingual nerve舌神经inferior alveolar nerve下牙槽神经abducent nerve展神经facial nerve面神经intermediate nerve中间神经geniculate ganglion膝神经节Intermediate nerve中间神经chorda tympani鼓索greater petrosal nerve岩大神经stapedius nerve镫骨肌神经temporal branches颞支zygomatic branches颧支buccal branches颊支marginal mandibular branch下颌缘支cervical branch颈支pterygopalatine ganglion翼腭神经节submandibular ganglion下颌下神经节vestibulocochlear nerve前庭蜗神经vestibular nerve前庭神经vestibular ganglion前庭神经节cochlear nerve蜗神经cochlear ganglion蜗神经节glossophrryngeal nerve舌咽神经superior ganglion上神经节inferior ganglion下神经节lingual branches舌支pharyngeal branches咽支tympanic nerve鼓室神经lesser petrosal nerve岩小神经carotid sinus branch颈动脉窦支otic ganglion耳神经节superior ganglion上神经节inferior ganglion下神经节vagus nerve迷走神经anterior vagal trunk迷走神经前干posterior vagal trunk迷走神经后干superior laryngeal nerve喉上神经recurrent laryngeal nerve喉返神经inferior laryngeal nerve喉下神经anterior gastric branches胃前支hepatic branches肝支posterior gastric branches胃后支coeliac branches腹腔支accessory nerve副神经hypoglosal nerve舌下神经 visceral nervous system内脏神经系统autonomic nervous system自主神经系vegetative nervous system植物性神经系visceral motor nerve内脏运动神经sympathetic nerve交感神经preganglionic neuron节前神经元postganglionic neuron节后神经元prevertrbral ganglia椎前神经节paravertebral ganglia椎旁神经节interganglionic branches节间节sympathetic trunk交感干cervical ganglia颈交感神经节superior cervical ganglion颈上神经节middle cervical ganglion颈中神经节inferior cervical ganglion颈下神经节Stellate ganglion星状神经节thoracic ganglia胸交感神经节lumbar ganglia腰交感神经节sacral ganglia骶交感神经节ganglion impar奇神经节prevertebral ganglia椎前神经节coeliac ganglia腹腔神经节aorticorenal ganglia主动脉肾节superior mesenteric ganglia肠系膜上神经节inferior mesenteric ganglia肠系膜下神经节communicating branches交通支greater splanchnic nerve内脏大神经lesser splanchnic nerve内脏小神经lumbar splanchnic nerve腰内脏神经parasympathetic nerve副交感神经cardiac plexus心丛pulmonary plexus肺丛celiac plexus腹腔丛abdominal aortic plexus腹主动脉丛hypogastic plexus腹下丛pelvic plexus盆丛visceral sensory nerve内脏感觉神经pyramidal system锥体系upper motor neurons上运动神经元lower motor neurons下运动神经元final common pathway最后公路corticospinal tract皮质脊髓束corticonuclear tract皮质