英语本科毕业论文-中学英语教学中的肢体语言的应用.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权，请联系网站删除 本科毕业论文 中学英语教学中的 肢体语言的应用学生姓名： 学生学号： 200320207106 院（系）： 外国语学院 年级专业： 2003级英语本科2班 指导教师： 二七年五月精品文档The Application of Body Language in English Teaching in Middle SchoolZhuang YanpingUnder the Supervision ofHe XuedeSchool of Foreign Languages and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityMay 2007Contents Abstract.Key Words.摘要.关键词.Introduction.1. The Definition of Body Language.3. Advantages of Body Language in English Teaching.3A. Stirring StudentsInterest.3B. Expressing Themselves Better .4C. Understanding Students Clearly.5.The Application of Body Language in English Teaching.6A. Situation of English Teaching.61. Students Attitude Towards English.62. Teachers Techniques of English Teaching .6B. Body Language Involved in English Teaching.71. Teaching of Texts.7 2. Teaching of Grammar for Beginners .83. Teaching of Grammar for Upper-grade Learners.104. Teaching of Listening.125. Teaching of Oral English.126. Teaching of Reading .137. Teaching of Writing.14Conclusion15Acknowledgements.16Bibliography 17 Abstract Body language has been widely used in communication out of class. At the same time, it plays a very important role in English teaching. It can be vocal languages vital complement by intensifying the language information retention and leaving the students deeper impression. On one hand, it can completely stir the students. Moreover, it is a tool to communicate with others, and it does not need our vocal organ, but participation of the parts of body. In expressing some subtle ideas, body language can be a very good helper in English teaching, so English study is not dull any more. On the other hand, the teachers can have a better understanding about the students, their thoughts and their behaviors. The teachers need to develop a skill to read the students body language. Moreover, it help the students to improve lessening, speaking, reading and writing level, and the teachers and the students can develop a good relationship. In modern teaching, the teachers need to be the students friends firstly, and body language narrows the gap between the teachers and the students. The teachers should never ignore it in English teaching. Because not only it is a good tool to communicate with others and express oneself, but it can help the teachers achieve a higher teaching goal and further mutual understanding between the teachers and the students. Therefore, in English class, the teachers should pay enough attention to body language and properly use it.Key WordsBody language; English teaching; gesture; teaching tactics 摘要肢体语言,在课堂上被广泛运用。同时在英语教学中，它扮演着非常重要的角色，它可以增加语言信息输入的刺激强度，给学习者留下深刻的印象，是有声语言的重要补充。一方面，它能完全激励学生学习兴趣,也是与人交流的工具，不需要用我们的发声器官，仅需要身体的参与。在阐述一些细微的语言概念时，肢体语言能担当非常好的帮手，英语学习也不在枯燥乏味；另一方面，教师能更好的了解学生，了解他们的思想、行为。因此，教师应发展读取学生肢体语言的技巧。不仅仅如此，肢体语言能帮助学生提高听、说、读、写的水平，帮助师生之间建立起良好的关系。在现代教学中，教师首先得做学生的朋友，而肢体语言缩小了师生间的差距。教师在教学中不要忽视肢体语言，它是与他人交流和表达自己的良好工具。它能帮助教师达到一个更高的教学目标，能促进师生间的互相了解。因此，在英语教学中，教师应重视肢体语言并合理地应用它。关键词 肢体语言；英语教学；手势；教学手段 IntroductionThe teachers spread knowledge mainly by verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Many researches have been carried out on verbal behaviors from macroscopic to microscopic. And these researches and achievements have carried class teaching to a new stage and made teaching be much improved. However, nonverbal communication that is another very important way to spread information is overlooked.Nobody knows when nonverbal communication as a kind of teaching method to be used by human began. Somebody think ancient Greek from B.C.400 to 600 had interests in nonverbal communication (Malandro, 1989); but others hold the view that the time is convincing argument time, because people at that time usually used gestures and body movement in speech; the last view is 1872 when Darwin explained relationship between animal movement and human movement, he should be the father of modern nonverbal communication. In modern times, some scholars have been studying human nonverbal behavior, special body language. They set nonverbal communication as a new branch.In 1940, some scholars, such as F. Boas, E. Sapir，W. LaBrre，D. Efron and so on were in America ,(Zhuang,2000).They definitely pointed out human body movement code can be revealed(idib).Then there were four studying body language pioneers: R.Birdwhistell，E.Goffman，A.E.shelfen and A.Kendon(idib). In 1960s, studying body language reached a climax (idib). In America, hundreds of researchers studied the new branch of learning nonverbal behavior from former disciplines (idib).What kind of relationship exists between body language and English teaching? Middle school teachers face the adolescent students who are easily influenced by others .The students not only absorb thinking，knowledge through the teachers words, but get kinds of information and positive or negative influence from the teachers body language. Their bright eyes are like video cameras, so the teachers figures，behavior and expression can not escape from their eyes. They also imitate and study the teachers behavior. Though some teachers do not have a clear idea about the influence and they just only use verbal language to teach the students, actually they transmit much information by their varied body language to the students; moreover they influence the students intelligence and inner world.So we can say without varied, harmonious body language, there are no vivid and moving effects. If the teachers without several of expression transmit knowledge in class, at this moment, they just are megaphones. They are not respectable, interesting and humor teachers (Li.2004).Without varied and harmonious body language, there are no intimate harmonious relationship between the teachers and the students. An understanding look, a kind smile etc. are beyond thousands of words. Thereby the teachers can easily influence the students.Therefore, in English class, the teachers should pay enough attention to body language and properly use it. Because body language is a tool to communicate with others and express oneself, thereby the teachers should never ignore it in English teaching. In the process of teaching, body language can help the teachers achieve a higher goal. Moreover, the teachers and the students have a clearly understanding about each other. . The Definition of Body LanguageBody language is known as non-verbal behavior which transmits information through gestures, movement and facial expression. People communicate with each other by their body language in the ways of nodding, waving, eye contacting, shrugging and so on. According to the psychologists research, these ways can express something that verbal language can not directly express. Body language can be divided into sight language; body touches language, posture, gesture, manner, facial expression, and clothes language (Bi.2001). . Advantages of Body Language in English TeachingA. Stirring Students InterestAs an old saying goes: interest are the best teacher. The teachers appliance does not focus on teaching itself only; and the students can absorb better if they study at their own will (Cooper.1988). It is going to be painful that they work hard on academic course just because the teachers expect them to do so. The teachers have to stimulate the students, and the way teachers use to motivate them can be very important. If the teachers have passion in class, they can offer the students positive studying attitude. I had one experience a year ago, when I was giving a class for the new recruited students, a little boy caught my attention. I was quite sure that he was so shy that he did not dare to open his mouth to say anything when I was teaching them pronunciation. From my knowledge about this kind of introverted students, they can be easily hurt inside. But if the teachers choose an appropriate way, they may help them develop a better personality. They read the teachers body language to know what they can get in class, what is important or unimportant, and what is commended or what is disallowed. By reading the teachers body language, the students can know read the teachers mind. In short moment an audacious idea occurs to me I was sure that a lot of sermons were not suitable to help an introverted student get rid of his weakness. Why not to set him in an embarrassing situation? Maybe it will work. Then I came to that boy quietly and shouted to him with a finger pointing to his nose:“Are you a shy girl?”Boys do not want to be called like that, fortunately he gave me a negative answer and looked into my eyes with a weak voice:“No, Im not.” “Sorry, I cannot hear you, you dont want be a shy girl, then can you prove it? Please be loud and tell me that again!” I beat my chest continuously with my right hand and raised my left hand erecting the index finger in the air, asked the boy to repeat the words “Im not shy” loudly, for a little moment, silence filled in as all the air around was frozen into cold ice. How eagerly I wished he could response, if not, I must get stuck in an embarrassing situation. Surprisingly he turned out to be totally another one. Maybe it is because he was too embarrassed that he did not want his behavior to betray his embarrassment before, all through the class time, he performed very actively.B. Expressing Themselves BetterEnglish is a sort of language which depicts English culture. Due to this, it is definitely wrong for an English teacher to arrange the class normally as the teachers of other subjects do. A good English teacher is not judged by the number of good students in his class, but about whether he could make it sure that the students understand the deep meaning when people are talking in English (Fries, 1945). English learners have to internalize the information that they have got from their teachers. Because of the lack of language atmosphere, Chinese students cannot speak their mind freely, let alone understand the deep meaning. If we do not use the appropriate words, maybe we will make the students become puzzle or ever give them worry information. Fortunately body language helps a lot to solve this problem. So the students do not have to say a lot of words around one idea. With the help of body language, they can easily understand when they try to start a conversation with others.C. Understanding Students ClearlyWhen the teachers are giving class, body language is not only to motivate the students, but also help to understand the students inside world. This informative workshop on body language provides every teacher with an in-depth knowledge of micro-movement. If the students are submissive, anxious, dominant, bored, lying or telling the truth, the way students stand, move, and sit reveal and convey their thought. Because these movement are produced at a subconscious or unconscious level .If the teachers are unaware of the students meanings that are shown by incongruous through the students words or behavior, they can not create an interesting studying atmosphere. To be able to avoid these, the teachers should have a better understanding of how they think and feel. This comprehensive workshop will give them a great opportunity to discover and understand the students behavior.And also some students may be reticent in expressing themselves in class. In their mind, hasty assertions or responses are seen as a sign of crudity of thought, as boastful self-assertion, or as rude. They may appear to be unresponsive to a question posed by the teacher. In fact, when they have an answer they are waiting for a occasion that they consider to be an appropriate moment to answer, so that they may be polite and appear to be thoughtful. Then the teachers should pay more attention to these students. If a teacher goes out for a while, when he or she return, the students give he or she “smiling face” and continue to work. But do they keep working after his or her back is turned? How would the teacher know? If the students intend to continue talking, they are betrays by their body language. Look at the knees and feet, the students fake with the upper body (shoulders, eyes, hands), not the lower body (knee, feet). The body language under the desk intends to impress the teacher. The ability to read this is crucial for any teacher who tries to get a child to do something. It lets the teacher know whether he or she can accomplish his or her objects or whether the student is just giving “half-a-loaf” - a gesture towards compliance with no real intention of doing the teachers requests.The Application of Body Language in English TeachingA. Situation of English Teaching 1. Students Attitude Towards English For one thing, let us investigate and draw a picture of the students behavior. When they have English class, classrooms are divided into many checkers carefully, and a large number of the students crowd into the classroom. All the students are dressed the same clothes, and they are faced to remember many new words, texts, to do much homework every day. They are boring with sermon of their teachers. Therefore, in this condition they lost the interest of studying. Learning a second language needs persistent passion. However, in this condition, the students have not enough passion to be motivated. They are longing for freedom to study in a fresh way. So I surely believe that this is a good explanation why some students absent in English class sometimes and adolescents seem to be more rebellious than others. If they lost their passion on English, they do not like having English class any more. In class, the teachers ask the students to read texts or words again and again. And after class, they leave much homework to the students to do, and they do not consider about the students thought, so the students appear to be reluctant to do what their teachers request. 2. Teachers Techniques of English TeachingThe teachers may have to use some spare time to rethink about this matter. Imagine if the teachers invite the students (whether they are top students or not) to dinner and hang out together, and talk about things both the teachers and the students care about. Gradually the students will be involved in the teachers ways of thinking, and consider the teachers can teach everywhere when they are with them, not only in the loathsome classroom. To create a stress-free learning atmosphere and to be a popular teacher with students, body language is very important aspect in teaching. The teachers should get rid of the old pattern they present what they prepared for the class on blackboard, have all the students take notes and hope to ram the knowledge into the students mind. Under such circumstance the students cannot be expected to study well, so they should not be blamed. The reason is not their ability or learning skill, but the pressure coming out of the way the teachers apply to teaching. By this, the teachers can introduce more body language in teaching process to create enjoyable learning atmosphere. B. Body Language Involved in English Teaching1. Teaching of TextsBody language can improve bilateral exchange of emotion between the teachers and the students in order to make knowledge are easily aborted by the students. An educational psychology indicates that to develop the students intelligence is affected by their mood in class. The change of the teachers behavior and expression control the change of the students mood. The teachers expression, eyesight and gesture affect the students mental state and studying attitude. The teachers positive body language benefits the students intelligence and creates a relaxing, natural and happy studying atmosphere. Meanwhile, positive mood and happy mental state benefit to teach and stimulate the students studying interest. A confidential look, a appreciative smile from the teachers give great studying power to the students. The teachers humor gestures give the students confidence and respect and maintain the students studying interest. Therefore to create an active class atmosphere is vital for teaching.For example, when an English teacher teaches A City Is Dying, body language can plays an important role in it. At beginning, he or she opens his or her eyes widely showing a puzzled expression and raises a question that only life are apt to die, but why a city can die. At this moment, the students are deeply attracted by the teachers behavior and be full of interest and curiosity to study. A good beginning means a half of success, and the text will be performed successfullyBody language can not only make the students completely focus their attention on class, but be beneficial for organizing teaching. In English class, if a teacher consciously use body language, he or she also need unconsciously using body language according to middle school students nature.For example, when a teacher teaches boring grammar such as tense, subjunctive mood, which can not attract the students, he or she adopts variable expression, cadence tone and kinds of gestures or use eyesight to contact with the students. Thereby, body language is better than verbal language to attract the stud