从电影《推手》看中美教育观差异.docx

内蒙古工业大学外语类本科毕业论文THESIS PAPER OF STUDENTS FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES COLLEGE摘要在中美交流中，一个我们不能忽视的问题存在其中中美文化差异。中国和美国地处两个不同的洲，自然风貌不同，历史也截然不同，两个国家的文化自然有很大的差别。作为文化的分支，两国的教育也因此有着许多差异。本文从电影推手出发分析中美教育观的差异，朱师傅代表的是在五千年中华历史熏陶下发展起来的中国教育观，朱晓生的美国妻子则是典型的美国教育观的代表，他们对于家里唯一的孩子杰米的教育有不同的想法，朱师傅认为美国人对孩子很客气，不把孩子当孩子。朱晓生认为这就是民主，而民主就是没大没小。如今随着经济全球化趋势的加强，中美两国的交流日益密切，由于两国有诸多差异供人们比较，他们的教育在交流过程中也成为了人们时常讨论的话题，而人们大多将重点放在中国教育的弊端上。本文将从家庭教育观、学校教育观和社会教育观等一系列角度来分析中美教育观的差异，旨在消除人们的偏见，正确看待中美的教育观差异。关键词：推手；中美教育观；差异AbstractDuring the Sino-US exchanges, it cannot be ignored that cultural differences are existed in China and America. China and the United States locate in different continents, having different natural landscape and history, which makes the culture of two countries very different. As a branch of culture, educations of the two countries differ very much. Taking the movie Pushing Hands as the example, the Sino-US educational view will be analyzed. Lao Zhu represents the Chinese traditional educational view growing up under the influences of Chinese five-thousand-year history. Zhu Xiaoshengs American wife represents the typical American educational view. They have different ideas to teach the child. In the movie, Lao Zhu thinks that the educational ways in which American treat the child is philosophical. Zhu Xiaosheng adds that it is a symbol of democracy. Nowadays, with the trend of economic globalization strengthening, exchanges between the two countries have become more frequent. Because there are many differences between the two countries compared by people, their education has also become a topic discussed frequently. Its a pity that most people like to focus on the shortcomings of Chinese education. This article will analyze the differences from the concepts of family education, school education and social education etc. Main purpose of this thesis is to dispel prejudices and treat Sino-US differences in educational view correctly.Key words: Pushing Hands; educational view of China and America; differencesTable of ContentsOutline.4 Introduction.6Chapter The Meaning of Educational View.8Chapter Different Educational View between China and America.102.1 Different Family Educational View.10 2.1.1 Different Roles.10 2.1.2 Different Educational Mode.122.2 Different School Educational View.13 2.2.1 Different Educational Aims.13 2.2.2 Different Educational Contents.14 2.2.3 Different Educational Methods.162.3 Different Social Educational View.17Chapter Reasons of Different Educational View.193.1 Cultural Background and History.193.2 Population.203.3 Politics.20Conclusion.22Bibliography.23Acknowledgement.26OutlineThesis statement: Beginning with the movie, Pushing Hands, the differences of Sino-US educational view will be compared, by classifying education view into certain types, in order to dispel peoples prejudices of which countrys educational view is better. Introduction: There are many cultural differences between China and Americain Pushing Hands. Knowing the meaning of educational view is essential to compare the differences. There are many differences in educational view between China and America.A. Family education view is different.1. The roles parents play are not same in two countries.2. The ways to teach are not same between China and America.B. School education view can be compared in two countries.1. Educational aims are different.2. Educational contents in each grade of Sino-US schools are different.3. Educational ways have their own characteristics.C. Social education view makes a big difference in two countries. Reasons behind different educational view are listed.A. Cultural background and history have effect on the educational view.B. Population bears on the Sino-US educational view.C. Politics is related to the educational view. Conclusion: Differences in educational view are inevitable in two countries which have entirely different development. Through analyzing the differences of educational view, we have deep insight into the reasons for which differences come into being. They cannot be ignored and treated prejudicially. As long as people understand, contain those differences, exchange experience, absorb what is good and reject what is bad, education in two countries will develop better.IntroductionThere are plenty of differences between China and America in many aspects, such as politics, economy, culture and so on. To summarize briefly, separation of three powers is executed in America, while the peoples congress system serves as Chinas fundamental political system. Private economy is the most important part in American economy, in contrast, state-directed economy accounts for a substantial part of Chinese economy. There are a lot of types in culture, including education, religion, social etiquette, table manner and so on. China and America have their own unique culture.In this essay, educational view will be analyzed mostly, and the movie Pushing Hands is the starting point. Pushing Hands is directed by Ang Lee, in which the hero Mr. Zhu immigrates to America to live with his son Zhu Xiaosheng in New York after he retired and comes into conflict with his all-American daughter-in-law, facing a series of differences and misunderstandings, who finally decides to leave sons family and lives alone at China town.Before introducing the specific content, the films director Ang Lee must be known. He is a Taiwanese American director who is one of todays greatest contemporary filmmakers. He has the dream to be a director when he was young. He decided to apply to school of film and theater at University of Illinois despite of his fathers opposition. Then he went through long-time unemployment, even he stayed at 果home for six years. No matter how hard the environment is, he still persists in his dream. In 2000, the film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon swept the Oscar nomination and he became the Best Director at the Golden Globes. Pushing Hands is one of his family trilogies which all focus on the culture differences between China and America.In the beginning of the film, Mr. Zhu was practicing Tai Chi in the living room, while his daughter-in-law Martha was busy in typing novel. They didnt have communication with each other for they spoke different languages. We know Martha seems to be unwilling to stay with Mr. Zhu, because parents and children are dependent and they usually live separately in America. When they had dinner, Martha gave her son Jimmy cheese, but Mr. Zhu gave meat to grandson. In America, fast-food culture is the mainstream. In China, cereals and meats are cooked in different ways. In Jimmys Chinese time, Mr. Zhu taught him a jingle, “In west and east street, go south and north, then see a person bite a dog, seize the dog hit a brick, but fear the brick bite my hand”. In fact it confused Jimmy with strange logic. In China, there are lots of jingles to let students remember knowledge easily. In America, knowledge is taught more reasoningly. Its no wonder that Jimmy was confused. This is a concrete embodiment of different educational view between China and America, which is this essays center.ChapterThe Meaning of Educational ViewEducational view is the way by which people judge education and the relationship between education and other things. A right educational view makes initial contributions to a lot of aspects, such as society, family, culture and so on, or, conversely, the wrong may do harm to people even country.From Han dynasty, the Confucianism plays a dominant role in Chinese society. The person who wants to get rid of his poverty must be familiar with its knowledge, and then get into officialdom by taking the recommendatory system. Confucianism is the main subject until Qing dynasty. This educational view is good for those people who are poor, but leads to limits of peoples thought and simplifications of officials selection. It may be a good view to ancient Chinese people, but is, considering from modern peoples thinking, a wrong view.When we analyze one countrys educational view, we will think about following aspects, educator, educated targets, educational contents and educational methods. (Wang and Guo 3) Then we can judge that whether an educational view is reasonable.We often criticize the exam-oriented education of China, and praise American diverse education. However, each educational system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Chinese students have a broader and more thorough grounding, and American students have a more creative and outstanding thought. When we treat the two countries educational view, we should be judicial and objective. By analyzing 艰苦好看educational methods, contents and tools, we will compare the differences of educational view between China and America in family, school and society.Chapter Different Educational View between China and America2.1 Different Family Educational ViewFamily is the basis of one country, whose togetherness will contribute to countrys harmony, so its education is also the most important thing to the whole country. Family education has the biggest effect on children. The famous Soviet Union educationist Sukhomlinski once said, “A child is like a marble, which needs six sculptors to carve. These sculptors are family, school, group where the child stays, the child, books and chance factors.” (Rong1) We can see that family tops the six sculptors. As the saying goes, parents are the first teachers of their children. What parents do will be influential on childrens behaviors. Educational ways parents use do relate to childrens characters and thinking.Nowadays China and America are both great powers. They make a big point of family education. Because of many differences, each family educational view has its individual peculiarities. 2.1.1 Different RolesIn most Chinese families, the role parents play is elder and children play is junior. In Chinese traditional society, the basic principles of the Confucian ethics morals are the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues. One of them is that father 辉钴矿红歌会guides son. (Acosta) It means that children should obey their parents instructions. Parents have a broader horizon than children, so they will help their children make decisions in many occasions. In the Warring State period, Mencius mother moved three times in order to find a desirable place for Mencius. Finally, they moved to a school nearby. If Mencius mother doesnt make decisions for his son, there is no Mencius. In todays families, parents also choose schools and rooms just for being helpful for their children. Of course, Children have their rights to decide what they want to do. Their parents will tell them each choices advantages and disadvantages.Parents are like stewards to children. They take care of childrens study, dressing, eating and so on. They are willing to make any sacrifice for childrens growth. (Huang 117) Children are carefree. They dont need to worry about what they should eat, what they should dress and whether they have money. Its almost impossible for them to be hurt. Parents are their warmest bolt-hole. (Wang Xiaohong 23)In America, the relationship between parents and children is friend. In the movie Pushing Hands, there is a scene where Mr. Zhu was playing chess with Zhu Xiaosheng. Mr. Zhu said, “You dont treat children as children in America. It is wise.” Zhu Xiaosheng replied, “There are great deals of wisdom. This is democracy which means parents and children are equal.” We can draw the conclusion from this movie. It is common that children play jokes with parents like friends. In Halloween, parents even help children make pumpkin lantern. Children will dress as ghosts or withes to frighten neighbors who never expose their tricks.Parents and children have their own free space. It is rare that parents ask about childrens things in their space. It is a reason why American people are independent. In family, parents have nothing to do with whether children can clean up their own bedroom. After the dinner, everyone needs to wash his or her own plate and bowl. In the movie Growing Pains, the children Mike, Carol and Ben have their own bedroom. They should take out the trash in turn and tidy their own room. (Xu 31)2.1.2 Different Educational Mode Teach people from childhood. Children are seedlings, which must be trained properly, and can germinate healthily. Otherwise, they will be damaged. Its hard for them to become a useful person. (Tao 20) For parents, educating children is their responsibility. Both countries parents attach importance to it. Their educational modes are different.In China, parents tend to teach English and math to children in their early childhood. They know its the best time for children to remember knowledge. Parents also buy some comic books and study Chinese characters with children. The reason why they do like this is that children can follow teachers teaching in primary school. Children are required to practice drawing, playing piano or dancing. Art can develop childrens left brain. Weekend is the time of left-brain for children.Parents teach children to be modest. Be modest and prudent, and guide against arrogance and rashness. Children are taught that you should never be haughty when others praise you, so an obvious cross-cultural difference comes into being. For 科勒洁具离开example, if you praise an American, he or she will says, “Thank you!” If you praise a Chinese, he or she will says, “No, no, no. Im not very good.” Parents also teach children to keep your head down. There is a saying goes, “One who sticks his neck out gets hit first”. (Chen 50)In America, parents always teach children that you should do your own things. Children should have a responsible attitude towards the things they do wrong. (Pan 2) Parents pay more attention to childrens independent skills. They allow children to go hiking with friends, do part-time work and so on. They think children can learn from practice. They never mind their children drawing on the wall, because they think it is a kind of creative skill. Developing imagination and creation is significant to children.They take more care of childrens mental health. For example, children are afraid of dark, then parents will help children feel what dark is and overcome the fear of dark by staying with it. (Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota 34) In American parents opinion, facing fear directly can be helpful to mental health. Parents are good at observing childrens spirits. If children are in a bad mood, parents will have a heart-to-heart talk with them and tell them a good way to get rid of the bad mood.2.2 Different School Educational ViewSchool education is complementary to family education, which is essential to a person. With the rapid development of science and economy, school education is taking an important mission to train modern top talents. In order to achieve this target, 客户America and China have different educational views.2.2.1 Different Educational AimsChina is a Socialist State. Education must serve the construction of socialist modernization. It must be combined with productive labor, and train builders and successors of socialist cause, which have the all-around development of moral, intellectual, and other aspects. Students are required to obey the Students Regulations. Everyone is told to love collectives, fellow students and love their country. The sense of collective honor is built to do for the country.In America, training a student to be creative is more important. There are fewer restrictions than Chinese schools. Personal habits and interests are respected in school. You can choose any subjects that you are interested in. 2.2.2 Different Educational ContentsBecause of the different aims, educational contents should be different accordingly. There are 56 states in America, so educational systems are not the same exactly. It is twelve years, in which there are 633, 624, 534, 444 system etc. Foremost among them is 633 educational system. (HT) There are six core curricula in elementary school. Art of language aims to develop students communicative skill. Society is an integrated subject, which includes history, geography, economics, politics, anthropology, psychology and sociology. It tells 夸海口students about humans history, status quo and future. It teaches