希伯来语学习.doc

.Tips and notesWelcome to the Hebrew course!Please read the Tips and Notes. They will help you understand how the Hebrew language works and will prevent further misunderstandings.We are very excited that you have chosen to learn Hebrew. Remember that you can access the Tips and Notes from a lesson at any time by clicking the top-left corner.Before we get started, just be aware that the Hebrew language is written fromright to left!The Hebrew AlphabetIn Hebrew there are 22 letters, some of their sounds exist in English and some dont. A few letters have an ending form - that means that those letters look different when written at the end of a word (their pronunciationdoes not change).Each letter is given with the pronunciation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and a close-matching example in English:(Letters in blue are taught in this skill)NameLetterEnding formIPAEnglish exampleAleph/uh(usually silent or similar to the letter a in English: a placeholder for vowels)*Bet/b/*,/v/bet, vetGimel/g/goDalet/d/dogHey/h/hen (often silent in modern colloquial speech)Vav/v/vetZayin/z/zooChet/X/lochTet/t/tenYod/j/yesKaf/k/*, /X/cat, lochLamed/l/logMem/m/manNun/n/noSamekh/s/seeAyin/, /uhPei/p/*,/f/pay,foolTsadi/ts/catsQof/k/catResh/run (similar to the French r)Shin/,/s/she,seeTav/t/tap*These sounds are pronounced only when the letter is in the beginning of the word or in the beginning of a syllable. Otherwise, the other sound will be pronounced.*A common example for the use of as a silent letter is the word: (/lo/) - which means no.The letter vav ()The basic sound of the letter vav is v. However, it is also used in Hebrew as the vowel u and o.For example: = (ohev). = (hu).ArticlesHebrew has only a definite article (i.e. the). This means that there are no indefinite articles (i.e. a/an). In order to add the definite article to a noun we simply attach the letter to the beginning of the noun.For example: - boy/a boy (yled) = + - the boy (the as a definite article is pronouncedHa- i.e.hayled).(Throughout the notes we add accents like these: merely to show which syllable is stressed. In this caseyeled and not yeled)Connecting wordsIn order to connect words in Hebrew using the word and, we attach the letter(vav) to the beginning of the second word. When using it to connect words, the letterwill usually sound like ve.For example: - a girl (Yalda) = + - a girl and a boy (YaldaVeYeled)We can also use bothand(the and and): = + + -and theboy (VeHaYeled)Yes/No questionsYes/No questions in Hebrew do not change the sentence structure and do not require any special additions.For example: (an ba) - I am a father.? (an ba?) - Am I a father?We can add the word (ha-m) in order to emphasize that a question is being asked.For example: (an ba) - I am a father.? (ha-m an ba?) - Am I a father?Note: is considered formal and is less likely to be used in daily conversation.The verb and In this lesson we come across our first two verbs - (to come) and (to love/like). We are not going to teach verb conjugation yet, but just to clarify what were dealing with: (ba) - comes for singular m