高三复习 非谓语动词

非谓语动词 Non predicateVerbs 一 功能 二 主要用法 一 非谓语动词做定语1 todo作后置定语 表将来e g Thecartobebought buy isforhissister 当被修饰的名词前面又被序数词和最高级修饰时或被theonly修饰时e g Hewasthebestmantodo do thejob e g Shewasthefirstwomantowin win thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames 某些抽象名词如ability attempt chance opportunity effort 用todo作后置定语e g DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish 2 tobedone表将来 将被做 e g Thequestiontobediscussed discuss tomorrowisveryimportant 3 doing与被修饰名词主动关系Idon tknowtheboystanding stand underthetree 4 done与被修饰名词被动关系e g Haveyoureadthenovelwritten write byDickens 5 beingdone正在被做e g Thehousesbeingbuilt build nowarefortheteachers 练一练 1 Hewasthelastone leave schoolyesterday 2 Thechild stand overthereismybrother 3 Peterreceivedaletterjustnow say hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon 4 It ssaidthattheOlympicGames hold inLondonin2020willcovermoreeventsthananyotherOlympicsdid 5 Doyouhavetheability readandwrite English 6 Thebuilding build nextyearisourdormitory 7 Ithinkthescientificadvances mention inyourarticleareinteresting 8 Themeeting hold nowisofgreatimportance 二 非谓语作状语 1 todo 表 目的 为了做某事 还可作原因状语e g Helenhadtoshouttomake make herselfheardabovethesoundofthemusic e g I mverygladtosee see you 表意想不到的结果 结果却 e g Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft 2 tobedone作状语 表 目的 为了被 表意想不到的的结果 结果却被 e g Hehurriedtothestationonlytobetold tell thatthetrainhadleft 3 doing作状语与逻辑主语是主动关系 且与主句的谓语动词基本上同时发生e g Notknowing know whattodo hewenttohisparentsforhelp 4 Havingdone作状语与逻辑主语是主动关系 先于主句谓语动词发生e g Havingbought buy apreciousdiamondnecklaceforhiswife Tomcouldn taffordatieforhimself 5 done过去分词作状语与逻辑主语是被动关系 e g Encouraged encourage byherteachers Rosedidwellatschool 6 Havingbeendone作状语与逻辑主语是被动关系 且先发生Havingbeenasked ask workovertimethatevening Imissedawonderfulfilm 补充 非谓语作状语 也可用连词when while once until if unless although doing或donee g Ifgivenmoreattentionto thetreescouldhavegrownbetter e g Wehavetoconsidertheneedforenvironmentalprotectionwhendevelopingeconomy 练一练 1 Theisland join tothemainlandbyabridge iseasytogoto 2 Sarahpretendedtobecheerful say nothingabouttheargument 3 translate intoEnglish thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder 4 open in1955 DisneylandinCaliforniaisregardedbymanyastheoriginalfunpark 5 AccordingtoarecentU S survey childrenspendupto25hoursaweek watch TV 6 complete theprojectasplanned we llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday 7 When ask whyhewentthere hesaidhewassenttheretobetrainedforaspaceflight 8 Theflowershisfriendgavehimwilldieunless water everyday 9 search thewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity andyouwilllearnalotaboutfirefighting 10 Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport only tell thefilmstarshadleft 11 live inNanjingformanyyears heknowstheplaceverywell 12 keep inthefridgefortwohours thefoodhasgonebad 三 非谓语作宾语补足语 1 不定式todosth 作宾语补足语常见的用不定式作宾补的动词有 ask cause get want wish tell advise encourage persuade invite permit allow force expect beg urge require callon e g Iaskedhimtocomeover 2 doing作宾语补足语表示与宾语是主动关系 一直做或正在做 e g IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday 3 过去分词done作宾语补足语表示与宾语是被动关系 被做 e g IoftenhearthisEnglishsongsungbyLily 4 省略to的不定式 作宾语补足语表示与宾语是主动关系 表动作的全过程e g Theteacherhadmerepeatthestory 练一练 1 Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered issue clearwarningbeforefiringanyshot 2 Passengersarepermitted carry onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane 3 Ismellsomething burn inthekitchen CanIcallyoubackinaminute 4 Don tleavethewater run whileyoubrushyourteeth 5 TolearnEnglishwell weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish speak asmuchaswecan 6 Myadvisorencouragedme take asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills 7 Pauldoesn thavetobemade learn Healwaysworkshard 8 Wefoundthestudentsseatedattablesandhadtheireyes fix onthesceneofthelaunchofShenzhouVspaceship 四 非谓语作主语1 不定式todo作主语e g Tofindabestfriendisdifficult Itisdifficulttofindabestfriend 2 动名词doing作主语e g Walkingisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold 练一练 1 walk isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold 五 非谓语作宾语 1 只能用不定式todo作宾语的动词 want need hope expect like hate try manage intend plan pretend prefer agree refuse learn decide choose offer promise wish等e g HepretendnottoseemewhenIpassedby 2 只能用V ing作宾语的动词 admit dislike imagine delay consider mind avoid enjoy practice miss finish keep suggest deny allow permit forbid risk can thelp putoff giveup feellike bebusy havedifficulty haveagoodtime can tstand 忍受 等 e g Wedon tallowsmokinginthehall e g Ihavetoputoffshoppingtilltomorrow 3 后面既可以直接加doing也可以直接加todo 两者意义大致相同的词有 continue begin start love hate like等 4 有些动词后面既可以直接加doing也可以直接加todo 但两者意义完全不同的词forget remembertodosth 忘记 记得要去做某事forget rememberdoingsth 忘记 记得已经做过某事trytodo努力做某事trydoing试着做某事regretdoing后悔已经做过某事regrettodosth 很遗憾要去做某事meandoing意味着做某事meantodo打算做某事can thelpdoing情不自禁地做某事can thelptodosth 不能帮助做某事 1 CanIsmokehere Sorry Wedon tallow smoke here 2 Ican tstand work withJaneinthesameoffice Shejustrefuses stop talkingwhilesheworks 3 Robertisindeedawiseman Oh yes HowoftenIhaveregretted nottake hisadvice 4 Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways get herpermissionforthings thinkagain 六 非谓语作表语 1 不定式作表语e g Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday 注意 作表语 一般要用带to的不定式 但当主语部分有实义动词do时 to可以省略 e g Nowtheonlythingwecandoiswait e g WhatIwantedtodoistakeanapforabouttwodays 2 v ing和v ed作表语 v ing形式表示 令人 的 多用来修饰事或物 v ed表示 感到 的 多用来修饰人 人的声音或表情等如interesting有趣的 interested感兴趣的 exciting令人激动的 excited感到激动的frightening frightened 四 注意情况 一 用省to的不定式的情况1 在wouldrather hadbetter whynot can tchoosebut 只好 can thelpbut 只能 禁不住 后面 用省to的不定式 e g Iwouldrathergoswimming e g Youhadbettertidyyourbedroom e g WhynotvisityourcousininJapan 2 当两个动词不定式由and or except but than ratherthan相连接时 通常第二个不定式要省略to e g Doyouwanttogoshoppingorwatchafilm e g Idecidedtowriteratherthanphone