CET4词汇训练.doc

CET4基础词组训练I. 常见词缀（affix: prefix & suffix）和合成词（compound words）1.名词词缀-bility 表示“能力、可能性”等，能接在如：stable, avail, capable, visible, responsible, flexible等词后面，或接在以-able结尾的词语后面。但：hospitable (好客的): hospitality。-age 表示“状态、境况、费用”等，如：marriage, leakage, drainage, pupilage, postage, wastage. -dom 表示“职位、地位、状态”等，如：kingdom, wisdom, officialdom, freedom.-hood 表示“时期、品性”等，如：childhood, neighborhood, adulthood, motherhood, knighthood.-ism 表示“主义、学说、制度、特性”等，如：socialism, heroism, terrorism, pessimism, optimism, alcoholism, racism. -ship 表示“之间的关系、身份”等，如：friendship, sportsmanship, leadership, ownership, championship, relationship. -ion 表示“行为的结果、过程、状态”等，多接在动词后面。-ity/-ry/-ty 表示“程度、性质、状态”等，可接在prosper, equal, formal, major, bribe, brave, loyal, cruel, penal等之后. -ance/-ence 表示“性质、程度、状况”等，多接在动词之后。-ness, -ment, -ure 接在动词或形容词之后，通常构成抽象名词。-or/-er/-ee/-eer/-ess 接在动词后，构成动作的发起人。如：engineer, employer, employee, trainer, trainee, interviewer, interviewee, profiteer, mountaineer, actor & actress, host & hostess, prince & princess. -ful 构成名词，表示“充满了东西”，如：handful, mouthful, bagful, spoonful, bowlful. Dirty words four-letter words shit 2. 形容词词缀 -ful 表示“充满东西的、有倾向的”-ly 加在名词后表示“象的、每隔时间发生一次的”，如：friendly, brotherly, manly, scholarly, weekly, hourly, yearly, monthly. -ed 这一类形容词，通常表示被动含义。如：I am exhausted. She is very excited. Mary is indebted to your help. -ing 这一类形容词，通常表示主动含义， 如：The task is exhausting. The news is very exciting. The evidence is convincing. -ive 表示“具有性质的、具有倾向的、方面多的、突出的”-able 表示“具有能力的、能够的 ”eg: The professor did _ research before writing the article. A. exhausting B. exhausted C. exhaustive D. executed eg: She is very _ to others ridicule. A. sensitive B. sensible C. sensuous D. sentimental -ic/-ical 表示“具有特点的”(通常带有褒义，指：好的美的)，poetic（象诗一般美丽的）, classic/classical（一流的、经典的）, historic（有历史意义的、重要的）, historical (历史上的)，economic(经济的、经济学的), economical(节约的、俭省的). eg1: Being _ of money, she managed to save enough for a holiday. eg2: That book looks like an advanced _ text to me. A. economic B. economical C. economics D. economyeg3: The doctor is trying to save the patient by every means _ .A. imaginative B. imaginable C. imaginary D. imagination eg4: The young couple is _ in their own factory. A. industrial B. industrious C. indulge D. individual eg5: Generally speaking, the blind are _ to light.A. insensible B. insensitive C. insecure D. insignificant 3前缀il-/im-/in-/un-/dis- illegal, illogical, illiterate, impatient, immature, impair, incapable, informal, inadequate, injusticenon- non-stop, non-smoker, non-essential, non-violent, non-addictivemal- malnutrition, maltreatment, misadministration, maladjusteden-/be-/em- (构成动词) befriend, behead, belittle, embark, embodyde- 表示“向下、降低、否定”degrade, de-emphasize, decentralize anti- 表示“反、抗” anti-Japanese, anti-antibiotic, anti anticancerarch- 表示“大的、头号的” archbishop, archenemy, post- 表示“之后的、邮政的” postwar, post-liberation, postcode pre- 表示“之前的、预先的” prewar, premarital, preview, prepaidII一词多义现象/近形近义词TMD, spring, move, suggest, insist, bear, saw, fine, book, principal & principle, conscience & conscious，plane，III词组搭配训练常用成语动词和习惯用法下面列出最常用的成语和习惯用法，请大家熟记。1. A treasurer must account for the money he spends. 说明, 解释2. The factory must aim at increasing production. 致力于，目的在于3. Seven candidates applied for the position. 申请4. I quite approve of the idea. 同意，赞成5. I will attend to it. 处理6. Ive got to back him up. 支持7. It is up to the government to take action on violence. 该由政府采取行动来对付暴力。8. This report bears out my theory. 证实9. What has become of Jennie? 珍妮怎么了？10. Most of them belong to the Han nationality. 属于11. Beware of the pickpockets! 注意、小心12. They charged him with theft. 指控13. She majors in psychology. 主修14. People packed into the subway car. 挤进、涌入15. He passed away at eighty. 去世16. Two women passed out. 昏倒17. You had better own up. 坦白交代18. She had mixed him up with someone else. 混淆19. Good will prevail over evil in the end. 战胜20. He provided for his family by working in a mill. 养家21. The old house was pulled down. 推倒22. The actor put on a fine performance. 表演23. They put off the picnic because of the rain. 推迟24. Pick me up at the hotel. 25. Our flag stands for our country. 代表26. You cant stand by and allow such a thing. 袖手旁观27. A soldier must stand up to danger. 敢于面对28. She treated me to an ice-cream. 请客29. She has really taken to that child. 喜欢30. The company turned down the suggestion of shorter hours. 拒绝31. The examination turned out to be easy. 结果32. Dont bother to look for my umbrella; it will turn up some day. 出现，出来33. He warned us of the danger. 警告34. He touched on the theoretical physics in his speech. 谈到35. Thank you for toughing up my poetry. 润色、修改36. We will reckon with you later. 算账37. Can I reckon on your support? 指望38. I suppose I must put up with my loss. 忍受 39. I must rub up my French. 复习40. I cannot rule out the possibility of trouble. 排除break down 崩溃，中断，垮掉 bring round 扭转过来，苏醒过来break in 破门而入 bring up 培养 ，提出break off 解除break out 爆发break up结束，破碎 call for 碰头，迎接，要求 I dont care 无所谓call in 邀请 care about 关心call off 取消 care for 喜欢，照顾call on 号召 take care of 看管，照顾call up 打电话carry on 继续，坚持 ring back 回电话carry on with 持续 ring in the new year 以钟声迎接新年carry out 实施，执行 ring off 挂上电话carry through 度过难关，艰难完成 ring me up 给我打电话run across/into 碰巧碰到 put aside 放在一边，存下来run after 追求 put down 写下，放下run away 走开，逃离 put forth leaves 长出新叶run out 用完 put off 推迟run out of petrol 吃完，耗尽 put on 穿衣，表演 put on airs 摆架子 put away 收拾，清理pay back 报复，偿还 see about 处理，负责pay sb. 付钱给某人 see sb. off 送行pay for 为什么付款 see you out 送你到门口pay up 还清钱款 see over 参观 see through 度过难关 see to sth处理.see to it that 确保，肯定take off 起飞，脱衣服 set out/set off 出发take to 喜欢 set up 建立take up 从事，招聘 set in 来临take in 收留，哄骗 set down 放下，写下take sth. for granted 想当然 set about着手take back my words 收回我的话take him for my brother 把他当成哥哥take on承担，呈现 as you wish 随你的便 a wish to do sth. 想做某事的愿望 with best wishes 祝好wish for sth. 默默祈祷希望得到 give sb. my best wishes代我向某人问好 hope for sth. 希望得到某物 help sb out 帮某人摆脱困境hope for the best 作最好的打算 help yourself to some food 随便吃点东西be past/beyond hope 没有希望 cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事in the hope of doing sth. 希望做某事 help sb (to) do sth. 帮某人做事in the hope that 希望，期待。 help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮人stand by 袖手旁观 draw ones attention to sth 使人注意某事stand by sb. 支持，照顾 draw to an end/ a close 即将结束stand by sth. 遵守（诺言） draw a conclusion 得出结论stand for sth. 代表，表示，主张 draw sth up 草拟，制定stand up for sb/sth. 替。说话，支持，维护stand up to sb.sth. 经受住，顶住，对抗as regards (介词) 关于，至于 out of orderin/with regard to 关于 out of stepin this/that regard 关于这点/那点 out of shapewithout regard to 不注意，不顾及 out of use out of datego about sth. 开始，着手某事 go by 时间过去，流逝 beyond belief 不可相信go by sth. 以。为根据，按照 beyond control 无法控制go in for sth. 参加，从事 beyond doubt 毫无疑问go on with sth. 继续 beyond description 难以描述go on to do sth. 继续某事（有中断） beyond recognition 难以认出go on doing sth. 继续做某事（无中断） beyond ones means 经济上难以承受go through sth 学习，审查，检查go over 复习，温习go camping/shoping/hiking/hunting/skating/boatingdevote oneself to 致力于 have difficulty in doing sth 做某事有困难.have no reason to do 没有理由做某事 guard against 防止on the ground that 因为，鉴于 cling to 紧紧抓住，依恋，坚持owing to 由于 it is no use doing 做某事是徒劳的make a mockery of 对。的嘲笑，践踏 sacrifice sth for 为。牺牲threaten with 用某种方式或手段威胁 waste on 浪费（钱财或时间）be content with 感到满足满意 approve of 喜欢，满意，赞赏long for 渴望 be fit for 适合embark on 开始，着手 come into being 产生，诞生apply to 适用于 take sth into account/consideration 考虑到某因素in contrast with 与。形成鲜明对照 feel at home 感到自在随意separate sth from sth 使彼此隔开 be bound to do sth. 一定，必定drink to 为。祝酒 wear off 慢慢消失excel at 突出，擅长于 in addition to 还有according to 根据refer to 说起，提起 be conscious/aware of意识到，觉察到in honor/memory/support/hope of 以纪念/支持/希望。get/be under way 在进行中，在发生assist sb. in/with sth. 给某人做助手came into use 开始使用have access to 有机会得到search for 搜寻，寻求come up with sth. 找到答案、方案be centered on/upon 集中于Vocabulary Revisited(词汇复习)1.Although not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the governments _ policies.A. economical B. economic C. economy D. economics2.Samuel is always _ , never complaining about his poor health and other troubles.A. careless B. joyful C. cheerful D. glad3.He went ahead with unpopular changes, _ to hostile criticism.A. opposed B. indifferent C. sensible D. contrary (完形填空题)the statue was made by a French _ named Federic Auguste Bartholdi. A. sculptor B. sculpture C. sculpt D. sculpts(完形填空题)some cells of the body have a fairly long life, but they are not _ when they die. A. replaced B. reborn C. recovered D. yielded3， 语法I：句子类型1）简单句(simple sentence)：只有一套主谓结构Watching the waterfall and listening to the birdsongs are both inseparable parts of the tourists emotional enjoyment in Huangshan Mountain. (本句主语；ing形式。只有名词、代词、动词ing形式和不定式形式才能充当主语或宾语) 2）并列句(compound sentence)：几套主谓结构，中间用连词连接起来Old people consider climbing Baiyun Mountain as a physical exercise while young people view it as a psychological relaxation. 3）复杂句(complex sentence)：一个主句，一个或多个从句Cupid is a lovely baby who has wings which can help him fly to everywhere he wants to.To open the university campus to tourists（本句主语：不定式） is a common practice in our country, whose purpose is to strengthen the communication between college students and outsiders for the sake of building a harmonious society. 4）并列-复杂句(compound-complex sentence )：既有并列句，又有主从复杂句The terrible earthquake which struck Sichuan province on May 12th killed about eighty thousand people and made millions of people homeless; however, the courageous Sichuan people were not defeated and they are rebuilding their hometown backed with the humanity warmth and concern from all over the world.4, 如何用简单句表达复杂的意义？1） 加-ing结构Withstanding the wear and tear of time, Chinese people have accumulated much experience in dealing with natural disasters.A lot of students have signed up in volunteer programs to help the people in Sichuan province, hoping to contribute their knowledge and time to the reconstruction of the place. 2） 加-ed结构Suffered too much from the earthquake, he completely lost confidence in reconstructing his home. Having been buried under the ruin for 20 days, he considered it a miracle to be out alive. 3） 加 to 结构To support their reconstruction, the government spent over 1.2 billion in building roads, bridges, schools, houses, etc.They hurriedly went home only to be shocked by the terrible scene after the earthquake. 4） 使用独立主格结构 (absolute structure)(四类)（蓝色字体） 1，Economic condition permitting, they would like to move to a new place. 2，Walls repainted and campus beautified, they opened the university campus to tourists. 3，The loan is fully used for the education expense, one third to pay for the teaching materials, the rest to pay for the tuition fee. 4，The family hungry, he resorted to theft. （注意：独立主格结构不能单独成一句，必须跟在一个完整的句子前后。）5，例文欣赏(标点的重要性)The Importance of Punctuations Unlike in the spoken language,