2015年职称英语考试语法汇总(综合类A级).doc

2015年职称英语考试语法汇总不定代词的数英语中要对 2 这个数特别敏感：1) 两个中一个、另一个： one , the other; 三个或三个以上中另一个：another / any one2) 两个都：both; 两个都不：neither; 两个中任一个：either3) 三个或三个以上都：all; 都不：none4) 不知总数：一些：some ;另一些：others(有余数)5) 知道总数：一些：some ; 另一些 (没有余数了)：the others注意以下表达方式：each other / one another / one after another / one by one / the other day (过去的某一天)/ some day (今后的某一天) / every other day (隔天)/ on alternative days(隔天)/ someone else (别人) / something (anything, nothing) else (别的事)实例：上学吧视频超市Im sorry, Im a stranger, too. You may ask _ across the street.A. another oneB. othersC. the other oneD. someone else解题思路：虽然A、B、C没有语法错误，但D是习惯表达方式。其他应注意的数的表达形式1)a three-year-old boy 比较The boy is three years old2) five thousand people / several thousand people比较 thousands of people表达具体数字时，thousand不加 s，后面不加 of ; ten, million, billion情况以此类推。上学吧视频超市3) One-third of the students have passed College English Test Band IV.Two-thirds of the students have passed College English Test Band IV.One-third of the population in this area is living below the poverty line.(这个地区有1/3人口生活在贫困线以下。)注意：几分之几的表达形式;动词的单复数由后面的名词数决定。4) a looker-on 比较two lookers-on(旁观者) / a brother-in-law比较two brothers-in-law(姻亲兄弟)5) my father, together with (along with / with / as well as my mother and brothers) 结构中，主语作单数处理，即my father单位词的使用上学吧视频超市(1) 不可数名词表示多少，一般用much, (a) little, a lot of, enough 等词表达，要数1，2，3，4时要用量词表达，最常用的是a piece of (news, advice, furniture, information)。(2) 成双成对的名词一般用复数，如：a pair of trousers (裤子) / scissors(剪刀) / glasses (spectacles)(眼镜) / pliers(钳子)(3) a couple of表示一对，或2-3，如：a couple of days / people / things(4) 记住以下量词表达方式：上学吧视频超市a loaf (two loafs) of bread (一个(两个)面包)a burst of laughter(一阵笑声)a fit of anger / chill(一阵发怒 / 发冷)a game of chess (一盘棋)a lump of sugar (一块方糖)量词的使用：由于英语中名词分可数与不可数，量词的使用也有区别：修饰可数名词(a) few / fewer / fewestmany / more / mosta great (good) manymany aa number ofthe number of既可修饰可数名词 也可修饰不可数名词a lot of / lots of 上学吧视频超市plenty of (time, money, people)修饰不可数名词(a) little / less / leastmuch / more / mosta great (good) deal ofan amount of / amounts ofthe amount of量词使用中应注意的几个问题：上学吧视频超市1) 分清可数名词和不可数名词是前提;2) 不要把量词的形式搞混淆了：下面哪个表达形式是对的?A. A lot students have come back from the summer holiday.B. A few of the students have come back from the summer holiday.C. A great many of students have come back from the summer holiday.D. Many a student has have come back from the summer holiday.E. The number of students have come back from the summer holiday.F. A number of students have come back from the summer holiday.以上六个表达方式中只有F 是对的。为什么?A. a lot students a lot of studentsB. a few of the students a few studentsC. a great many of students a great many studentsD. Many a student has come back from the summer holiday.E. The number of 表示数目，如：The number of the students in our class is 50.A number of 表示一些，不少，认真对比一下，看出问题来了吗?问多少钱、多少重量时用：How much?问距离时用：How far is it fromto?注意以下表达方式中名词的复数形式 上学吧视频超市to be / make friends with(友好 / 交朋友)to change places with (交换位置)to make preparations for(为作准备)to give regards to(向问好)to make matters worse(把事情弄糟)to hurt feelings(伤害感情)to be all smiles(满脸堆笑)to take sides (偏袒某方)to have words with(吵架)to burst into tears (突然哭了)family(家庭), group(小组), police(警察)，committee(委员会), team(组), box(盒), audience(观众)等词，可以是单数，也可以是复数，关键要看题目所给的提示，例如：上学吧视频超市The whole box of matches _ wet; I couldnt light a simple oneA. wasB. isC. wereD. are解题思路：这道题如果没有后半句I couldnt light a simple one，是没办法解答的。这句话提示了两点：(1)时态为过去时，故B、D已不可能了;(2)a simple one说明是指盒子内的一根根火柴，故答案为C.试想，如果我们把后半句改为 I had to throw it away, 那么正确答案应是A.所以，看清题目的提示对于解题是非常重要的。名词做另一名词的修饰语：一般用单数形式，如：a college student中的college 为单数形式。注意：(1) 以下名词做另一名词修饰语时要用复数形式：sport a sportsman (运动员)/ sale a sales department(销售部) / savings a savings account (储蓄存款)/ communication a communications satellite (通讯卫星) / greeting a greetings cable(慰问电)(2) 不规则名词修饰另一名词时数的变化：a woman doctor (一个女医生) two women doctors (两个女医生) / the Chinese womens volleyball team (中国女排) / a children hospital (儿童医院)形式上是复数的学科名称，如physics , statistics, dynamics 作单数看待;时间、距离、钞票、重量等复数，可以看作一个整体作单数处理，如：Two days is not enough for me to finish the task. (要我完成此项任务两天是不够的。)以下名词单复数同形：上学吧视频超市means(手段) headquarters(司令部)works(工厂) species(物种)aircraft(飞机) Chinese(中国人)sheep(羊) fish(鱼)中国的计量单位：li(里), yuan(元), mu(亩)等实例：Every means has been tried out, but without satisfactory results. (每个方法都试过了，但结果不令人满意。)以下名词为不可数名词：news(消息) information(信息)furniture (家具) equipment(设备)advice (劝告) weather(天气)work*(工作) clothing(衣服)baggage(行李)work作 工作 解释时为不可数名词，找工作不能说to find a work, 应为to find a job; work作着作、作品解时是可数名词，如：Deng Xiaopins works (邓小平着作)/ a work about Deng Xiaopin (一件关于邓小平的作品);作 工厂 解释时，单复数同形：a steel works (一个钢铁厂) / two chemical works(两家化工厂)实例：上学吧视频超市We have a large staff but there _ in the office.A. havent many furnituresB. arent many furnitures C. hasnt much furnitureD. isnt enough furniture解题思路：根据名词数的概念A、B肯定错，不必考虑;C、D的主要差异是hasnt与 isnt, 句子中有there，说明该句是there be句型，故正确答案为D.题中staff, office 等词与解题无关。注意辨别句子中斜体词的数及其意义：There is still much room for improvement. (仍有许多改进的余地) 上学吧视