初二英语下册第一单元讲义.doc

1. Whats the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？2. I had a cold.我感冒了。have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地 good enough足够好，6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.8. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice.9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车11. agree 同意，赞同；同意做某事12. trouble问题，麻烦 ；have trouble (in) doing sth. 。13. right away=right now=at once，意为。14. advice 不可数名词劝告，建议，向征求意见 give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise 动词 advise sb. to do sth. advise sb. doing sth .15. exercise 动词意为锻炼16. hurt 及物动词，使疼痛，受伤， 不及物动词，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.17. clean 【动词】清洁 cleaner意为清洁工18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。19. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life.Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.20. free 形容词空闲的free time；免费的the drink is for free；自由的I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使解脱，得到自由He could not free his arm.21. run out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物sth. tun out. 某物用尽了。 人sb. run out of物sth.人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的24. decision 【名词】决定；抉择；25. be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中26. mind意为意见；介意27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如 Never give up easily.二、重要短语1. have a cold 感冒 8. think about思考2. have a stomachache 肚子痛 9. be interested in sth.对某事感兴趣3. see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事 10. lose ones life丧生4. shout for help 呼救 11. save ones life挽救某人生命5. expect (sb.) to do sth.期待某人做某事 12. take a risk=take risks冒险6. to ones surprise使某人惊讶的是 13. cut off切断7. thanks to 幸亏 14. keep on doing sth.继续做某事三、重点语法反身代词【用法】1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如： She isnt quite herself today.3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.4. 用在某些固定短语当中。如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快help oneself to sth 请自用（随便吃/喝些）. hurt oneself摔伤自己say to oneself自言自语 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下buy oneself sth.给自己买东西 introduce oneself 介绍自己【提醒】1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成作业。（误）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用ones own.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）Im drawing with myself crayons. (正) Im drawing with my own crayons.【练习】1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card for _ just now.2. Bad luck! I cut _ with a knife yesterday.3. They tell us they can look after_ very well.4. My cat can find food by_ .5. Help _to some beef, boys.（help oneself to:尽情享受）6. Jenny enjoyed_ in the park yesterday afternoon.7. We can finish our homework by_ .8. The blind girl lost_ in the beautiful music.9. Xiao Hui, can you introduce _ to us ?10. Bill wants to teach_ French from now on.一 词汇分类：（Vocabulary）1.表示身体各部位的词有：head头neck颈部back后背leg腿arm手hand手foot脚nose鼻子eye眼睛ear耳朵mouth嘴tooth牙齿stomach胃（注意foot的复数形式为feet，tooth的复数形式为teeth）2.表示生病或不适的名词有：acold感冒headache头痛toothache牙痛stomachache胃痛fever发烧backache后背痛sorethroat咽部疼痛3.表示身体感觉的形容词有：tired累的thirsty口渴的hungry饿的stressedout紧张的，有压力的4.医生dentist牙医二目标语言（主要句型）（TargetLanguage）1.Whatsthematter?怎么了？2.Ihaveaheadache.我头疼。3.Youshouldgotobed.你应该上床了。4.Thatsagoodidea.那倒是个好主意。或Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.听起来是个好主意。5.Ihaveasoreback.我后背疼。6.Ihopeyoufeelbettersoon.我希望你很快会感觉好些。7.Thatstoobad.太糟了。8.Hehasastomachache.他胃疼。9.Heshouldnteatanythingfor24hours.他24小时内不应该吃任何东西。10.Shehasatoothache.她牙疼11.Sheshouldseeadentist.她应该去看牙医。12.Imnotfeelingwell.我感觉不好。四.重点难点分析：1.Howtotalkaboutourhealth.问某人哪儿不舒服。Whenwearenotfeelingwell,weoftengotoseethedoctor.Thedoctorwillask:Whatswrong(withyou)?Whatsthematter(withyou)?Whatsyourtrouble?OrWhathappenstoyou?和(Isthere)anythingwrongwithyou?都表示“你怎么了”。叙述病情。Thereissomething wrong with my toot我的牙出问题了。Doctor,Imnotfeelingwell我感觉不好，医生 Ifeelterrible.我感觉糟透了。Ifeelveryill.我感觉病得很重。Thisplacehurts.(Ivegotapainhere我这个地方疼 Myleghurts.我腿疼。Idontfeellikeeating.我不想吃东西。Ihaveacold.我感冒了。Ihaveafever.我发烧了。Ihaveaheadache.我头疼。处置或提出建议：1)Openyourmouth,please.张开嘴。Iwanttotakeyourtemperature.我想测测你的体温。2)Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.这个药一天吃三次。3)Takethreepillsbeforeyougotobed.睡前服用三片。4)Youdbetterstayinbedtilltomorrow.最好卧床休息到明天。5)Drinklotsofwaterandhaveagoodrest.多喝水，好好休息。6)Youshouldliedownandrest.卧床多休息。7)Youshoulddrinkhotteawithhoney.你应该喝加蜂蜜的热茶。8)Youshouldseeadentist.你应该去看牙医。9)Youshouldgotobedearly.你应该早点上床（休息）。2.关于情态动词should1)情态动词should表“建议、应该”，其否定形式为shouldnt.它用于所有人称。在其后应为动词原形。Youshouldwaitalittlemore.你应该再多等一会儿。Heshouldtellmeaboutit.他应该告诉我这件事。2)在表示要求、命令时，语气由should（应该）、hadbetter（最好）、must（必须）逐渐加强。在本单元主要是表建议“应当”或“应该”。3.haveacold感冒，还可以说getacold.我得了重感冒：Ihaveaverybadcold.在这里cold是名词，因此前边可以加冠词“a”、有时也可以说：Ihavegotaverybadcold.或：Ihavehadaverybadcold.4.P8.Heshouldnteatanythingfor24hours.他不应在24小时内吃任何东西。在这里因为是否定句，因而不用something，而用anything，同some和any的区别一样，something用于肯定句中，而anything用于否定或疑问句中，如：Theressomethingwrongwithhim.他出问题了，或他病了IsthereanythingIcanhelp?我能帮忙吗？又如：Doyouhaveanybrothers?你有兄弟吗？Ihavesomegoodfriends.我有一些朋友。Ineverhaveanyfun.我从没什么乐趣。never是否定词，因此我们用any，不用some5.Whatsthematterwithyou?你怎么了？with是个介词，后边可以跟名词或代词。WhatsthematterwithSonja?Sonja怎么了？6.Iamnotfeelingwell.feelwellwell表示“好”，这里不用“good”。7.Shestired.她很累。tired是个形容词，可以说feeltired感到很累，或说gettired.Shefeelstired.或Shegetstired.8.TraditionalChinesedoctorsbelieveweneedabalanceofcoolingy