英语单项知识的讲解与练习(89).docx

英语单项知识的讲解与练习（89）441. board的用法board木板、板。例句：Will you draw the nails from thisboard?请你把钉子从这块木板上拔出来好吗?Paste down the map on theboard.把这张地图用浆糊贴在布告板上。Passengers mustboardthe ship by 6 p.m.旅客必须在下午六点钟以前上船。The passenger walk up the ramp toboardthe airplane.旅客们走上活动舷梯登上飞机。短语：on board = on a ship/ plane/ train 在船、飞机、火车上；onto/ into board 到船上；diving board 跳板；chess board棋盘；on the board将在会上讨论；on the boards当演员；above board光明正大地; across the board全面的；全盘的; sweep the board全胜，大获全胜; go by the board被丢弃;(计划、安排)全部失败; boarding card 登船证/登机证; boarding house 旅馆；寄宿房屋; board at在地方搭伙；board by按搭伙；board for为搭伙；board over将的尾部铺上木板；board with和某人一起搭伙；board in在寄宿处吃饭；board off用木板隔开；board out在别处吃饭；board over用木板铺上；board up用木板堵上；above board光明磊落；across the board包括一切地,一律；用法：(1).board用作动词时意思是由原名词“木板”及其引申所表示的“餐桌”“甲板”三个意思转化而来的,即:用木板覆盖或封闭; 上(船或火车、飞机等); 提供膳食服务及住宿(尤指收费)。(2). board作“用木板覆盖或封闭”解时,是及物动词,以被封闭物作宾语,可用于被动结构; 作“上(船或火车、飞机等)”解时,可用作不及物动词,也可用作及物动词,以表示交通工具的名词作宾语; 作“搭伙”“膳宿”解时,可作不及物动词,也可作及物动词,以被提供服务的人作宾语。(3).board的另一个意思是“理事会”,指企业、学校、团体等的领导机构,是集合名词, board用作主语时,其谓语动词既可用单数形式(强调理事会整体),也可用复数形式(强调成员个体)。易混辨析 board 有两个词性。作为动词时，意为“上（船，车，飞机等）”；作为名词时，意为“木板；布告牌;膳食费用”。 aboard 有两个词性。作为介词时，意为“在（船，车，飞机等）”;作为副词时，意为“上（船，车，飞机等）”。 abroad 只能作副词，意为“在国外，到国外”。练习：It was reported that the ship and all _ had sunk. A. in board B. to board C. off board D. on board There were 50 people _ when the accident happened. A. on the board B. on board C. board D. above board Her husband _ a train and left her forever. A. boarded on B. boarded C. boarded in D. boarded to When everybody was _, the ship sailed. A. above board B. across the board C. on board D. go by the boardPassengers are waiting _. A. on the board B. to the board C. to board D. at boardWith all the two hundred passengers _ , the plane took off. A. on board B. on the board C. on boards D. going on board442. bore的用法bore使厌烦；例句：Heboredus all by talking for hours about his new house.他连续几个小时大谈他的新房子，使我们大家都厌烦透了。They are going toborea tunnel through this mountain.他们打算开凿一条穿越此山的隧道。He was making aboreof himself.他快要使自己变成一个惹人讨厌的人物了。She has become an awfulboresince she got married to him.她自从和他结婚后，就变得令人厌烦透了。短语：sth bores sb某事使某人厌烦；bore sb with sth用某事来烦扰某人；sb be bored with sth某人对某事很厌烦；be bored to death/ tears厌烦得要死（哭起来）；bore on前进；bore by使厌烦；bore to厌烦到某种程度；bore with对感到厌烦；用法：bore表示“对感到厌烦”通常接介词with。练习：The students all felt _ with the lecture, as it was so _. A. boring; boring B. bored; bored C. boring; bored D. bored; boringMr Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boringMy little brother often bores _ some questions. A. me in B. me with C. me with his D. me of theWe are _ thrillers because they are _. A. boring with; boring B. bored with; bored C. bored with; boring D. boring with; bored443. break的用法break打破、折断、打碎、暂停、中断、（课间、工间）休息时间。例句：If you discover a fire,breakthe glass to sound the fire alarm.如果你发现了火灾,打碎玻璃去弄响火警铃报警。To frighten the dog, hebrokea twig from the tree.为吓唬那只狗,他从树上折了一根小树枝。Abreakin the pipe was found out.管道上有一处裂缝。There is abreakduring the performance for the audience to take a rest.演出中有一次中场休息，让听众们稍事休息。短语：break off 突然停止、折断；break somebody of smoking 使某人戒烟；break through 突围；break with 破除；break in on/ upon 打扰、打断；break ones heart （使某人）很伤心；break away 脱离、打破；break down 出毛病、不运转、（身体）垮、分解；break in 打断（说话）、插嘴说；break into 破门而入、闯入；break out 发生、爆发；break up 分解、腐蚀、打碎、拆散（与break down 同义）；break the rule/ law 违反规定、犯法；break our journey at Nanjing 中途在南京停留；break the ice 打破僵局、打破沉默；Day has now broken天已经亮了；without a break 不断、不停地；take a break 暂停；at day break/ the break of day 破晓时分；break out into生长,迸发出；during a break at school学校的课间休息时间；用法：break用作名词的基本意思是“裂口,裂缝; 破裂”,用于时间可表示“间歇,休息时间”,也可指旧方式或生活习惯的“改变”或“中断”,是可数名词。break作“休息”解时是不可数名词，用作单数形式需加不定冠词。扯破衣服用tear， 不用break。 break 可跟复合结构。如：break the door open练习：News reports say peace talks between the two countries _ with no agreement reached. A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up What a pity! I failed to meet my boss at the airport because my car _ halfway. A. broke up B. broke down C. held up D. be broken down The police came and _ the crowd. A. broke up B. broke down C. broke into D. broke off News reports say Peace Talk between the two nations _ with no agreement reached. A. have broken down B. have broken out C. have broken in D. have broken up The criminal _ the two policemen who were holding him. A. broke into B. broke away from C. broke through D. broke down Can he _ away from old habits? A. do B. put C. take D. breakThe police found that the house _ and a lot of things _. A. had been broken in; had been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen444. desperate 的用法desperate (adj)不顾一切的、拼命的、令人绝望的；例句：I had no money left and wasdesperate.我一点钱都没有了,简直绝望了。His failure made himdesperate.他因失败而铤而走险。The man lost in the desert wasdesperatefor water.在沙漠中迷失方向的人极渴望得到水。He isdesperateto get a job.他非常渴求得一职。短语：in a desperate state在绝境中；a desperate illness重病；be desperate for a drink of water极想喝水；a desperate night狂风暴雨之夜；be desperate to do sth渴望做某事；make a desperate attempt孤注一掷；be somewhat desperate有点绝望；be desperate at因而绝望；be desperate for极想；用法：desperate的基本意思是因绝望而“不顾一切的,拼命的”。desperate作“极想要的,极需要的”解时,在句中常作表语,且与for连用。如：He was desperate for a drink of water.desperate还可指在别无选择的情况下而作出的最后努力,即“铤而走险的,孤注一掷的”,但这种努力成功的希望却很渺茫,此时在句中常作定语。desperate后可接不定式，表示“发疯似地想要”。bedesperateat .属于固定搭配，表示“因而绝望”。如：When the war was over, Tom was desperate to return to civilian life.当战争结束的时候，汤姆发疯似的想要回到平民的生活。练习：Deeply cursed with prison life, the prisoners became _ for breakout. A. discarded B. disappointed C. intensive D. desperate Right now,the government should adopt a far more _approach to push the states economy forward. A.dynamic B.apparent C.desperate D.previousCaught in the floods,these animals made efforts to escape. A.delicate B.desperate C.dynamicD.dizzyThey made adesperateplea_ help. A. to B.of C. for D. with 445. dilemma的用法dilemma (n)进退两难的局面、困难的选择；例句：The bad weather put us in adilemmashall we move on or go back?糟糕的天气使我们进退两难是继续前进呢,还是打道回府？She was in adilemmawhether to stay at school or get a job. 是继续求学还是找工作,她感到难以决定。The doctor was in adilemmawhether he should tell the parents the truth. 是否向病人的父母讲明实情,医生感到进退两难。短语：on the horns of a dilemma进退两难(进退维谷).；environmental dilemma环境困境；energy dilemma能源危机；constructive dilemma构造二难推论.；liquidity dilemma流动性矛盾；in a dilemma进退两难(左右为难).；put someone into a dilemma使某人处于进退两难的.；be in a dilemma处于进退两难之境.；place someone in a dilemma使某人处于进退两难的.；be in a dilemma处在进退两难的境地；用法：dilemma后接复合介词as to或 as about，介词宾语可是名词或由 whether引起的从句。如：The sailors were in dilemma as to whether they should stay in the damaged ship or take to the boats on the stormy sea. 后接whether to引起的短语。如： Jill was in a dilemma whether to go with Bill or Joe or Tom.练习：Doctors are often caught in a _ because they have to decide whether they should tell their patients the truth or not. A. puzzle B. perplexity C. dilemma D. bewilderment We work to make money, but its a _ that people who work hard and long often do not make the most money. A. dilemma B. conflict C. prejudice D. paradoxWe work to make money, but its a _ that people who work hard and long often do n