For recitation(好的英文诗歌,演讲).docx

1. Of Studiesby Francis Bacon（参考王佐良先生译文，仔细研讨理解。如果不能背诵，至少做到准确朗诵）Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be ready wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a mans wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are symini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.【译文】谈读书读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别吃力细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书种所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书种，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。书有课浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而五味矣。读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辨：凡有所学，皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演算须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。2. Speeches by Brutus and Mark Antony mourning the death of Caesar （黑体部分要求背诵）SCENE II: The Forum.Enter BRUTUS and CASSIUS, and a throng of Citizens.Citizens: We will be satisfied; let us be satisfied.BRUTUS: Then follow me, and give me audience, friends.Cassius, go you into the other street,And part the numbers.Those that will hear me speak, let em stay here;Those that will follow Cassius, go with him;And public reasons shall be renderedOf Caesars death.First Citizen: I will hear Brutus speak.Second Citizen: I will hear Cassius; and compare their reasons,When severally we hear them rendered.Exit CASSIUS, with some of the Citizens. BRUTUS goesinto the pulpit.Third Citizen: The noble Brutus is ascended: silence!BRUTUS: Be patient till the last.Romans, countrymen, and lovers! hear me for my cause, and be silent, that you may hear: believe me for mine honor, and have respect to mine honor, that you may believe: censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses, that you may the better judge. If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of Caesars, to him I say, that Brutus love to Caesar was no less than his. If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living and die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honor him: but, as he was ambitious, I slew him. There is tears for his love; joy for his fortune; honor for his valor; and death for his ambition. Who is here so base that would be a bondman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so vile that will not love his country? If any, speak; for him have I offended. I pause for a reply.All: None, Brutus, none.BRUTUS: Then none have I offended. I have done no moreto Caesar than you shall do to Brutus. The question of hisdeath is enrolled in the Capitol; his glory not extenuated,wherein he was worthy, nor his offences enforced, for whichhe suffered death.Enter ANTONY and others, with CAESARs body.Here comes his body, mourned by Mark Antony: who, thoughhe had no hand in his death, shall receive the benefit of hisdying, a place in the commonwealth; as which of you shallnot? With this I depart,that, as I slew my best lover forthe good of Rome, I have the same dagger for myself, whenit shall please my country to need my death.All: Live, Brutus! live, live!First Citizen: Bring him with triumph home unto his house.Second Citizen: Give him a statue with his ancestors.Third Citizen: Let him be Caesar.Fourth Citizen: Caesars better partsShall be crownd in Brutus.First Citizen: Well bring him to his houseWith shouts and clamors.BRUTUS: My countrymen,Second Citizen: Peace, silence! Brutus speaks.First Citizen: Peace, ho!BRUTUS: Good countrymen, let me depart alone,And, for my sake, stay here with Antony:Do grace to Caesars corpse, and grace his speechTending to Caesars glories; which Mark Antony,By our permission, is allowd to make.I do entreat you, not a man depart,Save I alone, till Antony have spoke.Exit.First Citizen: Stay, ho! and let us hear Mark Antony.Third Citizen: Let him go up into the public chair;Well hear him. Noble Antony, go up.ANTONY: For Brutus sake, I am beholding to you.Goes into the pulpit.Fourth Citizen: What does he say of Brutus?Third Citizen: He says, for Brutus sake,He finds himself beholding to us all.Fourth Citizen: Twere best he speak no harm of Brutus here.First Citizen: This Caesar was a tyrant.Third Citizen: Nay, thats certain:We are blest that Rome is rid of him.Second Citizen: Peace! let us hear what Antony can say.ANTONY: You gentle Romans,Citizens: Peace, ho! let us hear him.ANTONY: Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears;I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.The evil that men do lives after them;The good is oft interred with their bones;So let it be with Caesar. The noble BrutusHath told you Caesar was ambitious:If it were so, it was a grievous fault,And grievously hath Caesar answered it.Here, under leave of Brutus and the restFor Brutus is an honorable man;So are they all, all honorable menCome I to speak in Caesars funeral.He was my friend, faithful and just to me:But Brutus says he was ambitious;And Brutus is an honorable man.He hath brought many captives home to RomeWhose ransoms did the general coffers fill:Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept:Ambition should be made of sterner stuff:Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;And Brutus is an honorable man.You all did see that on the LupercalI thrice presented him a kingly crown,Which he did thrice refuse: was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;And, sure, he is an honorable man.I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke,But here I am to speak what I do know.You all did love him once, not without cause:What cause withholds you then, to mourn for him?O judgment! thou art fled to brutish beasts,And men have lost their reason. Bear with me;My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar,And I must pause till it come back to me.First Citizen: Methinks there is much reason in his sayings.Second Citizen: If thou consider rightly of the matter,Caesar has had great wrong.Third Citizen: Has he, masters?I fear there will a worse come in his place.Fourth Citizen: Markd ye his words? He would not take the crown;Therefore tis certain he was not ambitious.First Citizen: If it be found so, some will dear abide it.Second Citizen: Poor soul! his eyes are red as fire with weeping.Third Citizen: Theres not a nobler man in Rome than Antony.Fourth Citizen: Now mark him, he begins again to speak.ANTONY: But yesterday the word of Caesar mightHave stood against the world; now lies he there.And none so poor to do him reverence.O masters, if I were disposed to stirYour hearts and minds to mutiny and rage,I should do Brutus wrong, and Cassius wrong,Who, you all know, are honorable men:I will not do them wrong; I rather chooseTo wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you,Than I will wrong such honorable men.But heres a parchment with the seal of Caesar;I found it in his closet, tis his will:Let but the commons hear this testamentWhich, pardon me, I do not mean to readAnd they would go and kiss dead Caesars woundsAnd dip their napkins in his sacred blood,Yea, beg a hair of him for memory,And, dying, mention it within their wills,Bequeathing it as a rich legacyUnto their issue.Fourth Citizen: Well hear the will: read it, Mark Antony.All: The will, the will! we will hear Caesars will.ANTONY: Have patience, gentle friends, I must not read it;It is not meet you know how Caesar loved you.You are not wood, you are not stones, but men;And, being men, bearing the will of Caesar,It will inflame you, it will make you mad:Tis good you know not that you are his heirs;For, if you should, O, what would come of it!Fourth Citizen: Read the will; well hear it, Antony;You shall read us the will, Caesars will.ANTONY: Will you be patient? will you stay awhile?I have oershot myself to tell you of it:I fear I wrong the honorable menWhose daggers have stabbd Caesar; I do fear it.Fourth Citizen: They were traitors: honorable men!All: The will! the testament!Second Citizen: They were villains, murderers: the will! read the will.ANTONY: You will compel me, then, to read the will?Then make a ring about the corpse of Caesar,And let me show you him that made the will.Shall I descend? and will you give me leave?3. Loveliest of Trees, the Cherry Now（A. E. Houseman）Loveliest of trees, the cherry now Is hung with bloom along the bough, And stands about the woodland ride Wearing white for Eastertide. Now, of my threescore years and ten, Twenty will not come again, And take from seventy springs a score, It only leaves me fifty more. And since to look at things in bloom. Fifty springs are little room, About the woodlands I will go To see the cherry hung with snow.4. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (Robert Frost) Whose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.He gives his harness bells a shakeTo ask if there is some mistake.The only other sounds the sweepOf easy wind and downy flake.The woods are lovely, dark and deep.But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.5. The Road Not Taken (Robert Frost)Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,And sorry I could not trave