研究生英语Unit 1 Scripts.doc

Unit OneCoping with the ComplimentWords & Expressions1. blurt out 2. inarticulate 3. bestow sth. upon /on sb.4. comeback5. execrable6. adroit 7. poise 8. etiquette 9. comport 10. carry sb. away11. get possession of 12. put ones mind to sth. 13. brush sth. off 14. on the right track 15. be inept at doing sth.16. fall flat 17. fall apart 18. the chances are （tha1. blurt out say （sth.） suddenly or without thinking of the effect or resultExamples： Peter was so excited that he blurted the news out before we could stop him.Kids are known for blurting something important out at unusual times.2. inarticulate a. unable to express oneself clearly and fluentlyExamples： Maisie had always thought of herself as being uneducated and inarticulate, and was surprised that anyone should ask her opinion.My meetings with him left me inarticulate with rage.3. bestow sth. upon （on） sb. present sth. as a gift to sb.Examples： He doesnt deserve the praise that has been bestowed upon him.The new ruler took his enemies property and bestowed it upon his followers.4. comeback A reply, especially a quick, witty one; a retort e.g.：He made a witty comeback to the insult.他对别人的侮辱给予一个机智的反驳。 A successful return to a former positionExamples： make/stage a comeback The film star made an unexpected comeback.The old actor made a successful comeback after twenty years.5. execrable a. very bad; detestable Examples： Critics blame the students poor test performances on execrable teaching.What an execrable meal! 6. adroit a. skilfulExamples： They are highly efficient and especially adroit at persuading the employees to do more work.Employing such devices is a fine test of sheer writing skill, of careful and adroit manipulation of language.7. poise n./vt. dignity and self-confidence Examples： They felt that he lacked sufficient poise and confidence for the job.showing poise and confidence in your own worth .The gymnast poised herself on the balance beam. 8. etiquette n. rules for correct or polite behavior between people or within certain professions 礼仪节，仪式；格式；规矩，成规Examples： It was considered a breach of etiquette to refuse an invitation.Professional etiquette dictates that judges should not express their opinions about a case in public.9. comport vt. behave （oneself）举动， 表现 Examples： He comported himself in a way that won him respect.He comported himself as if he was already the President. Comport yourself with dignity. 10. carry sb. away （usu. passive） cause sb. to lose self-control or be very excitedExamples： He was so carried away by fear that he didnt know what he was saying.11. get possession of become the owner or occupier （of sth.）Examples： We didnt get possession of the car until a few days after the auction.How did you get possession of the painting?12. put ones mind to sth. give all ones attention to （achieving） sth.Examples： I dont think youre incapable of accomplishing that task; if you put your mind to it, you can do it.The scientist put his mind to the math problem to solve it.13. brush sth. off remove sth. with a brush; ignore sth.Examples： John brushed off Bills warning that he might fall from the tree.I hate him, so I have decided to brush him off from now on. 14. on the right track thinking or acting in a correct wayExamples： He solved the problem in no time because he started out on the right track.15. be inept at doing sth. be completely unskillful at doing sth.Examples： In some parts of China, a woman inept at stitching will be laughed at.Hes inept at tennis. He is totally inept.16. fall flat （of a joke, story, performance, etc.） fail completely to produce the effect intended or expectedExamples： What we meant to be a funny story fell completely flat.17. fall apart break; fall to piecesExamples： Ann did what she could do to keep the marriage from falling apart.The worlds transport systems would fall apart without a supply of electricity. 18. the chances are （that） it is likely thatExamples： The chances are that she has already known the bad news; otherwise she wouldnt look so desperate.The chances are that the insecticide is a potential threat to many species of birds and may even lead to their extinction.Passage analysisu (line 1) . though Im sure one would enhance my distinguished looks . though Im sure if I had a mustache, I would look more handsome Trans.: 尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡，走在大街上会使女性发笑，但我从不留胡子.cultivate a moustache 留胡子 cultivate: foster the growth ofeg. He is cultivating a blond mustache which will not take. 他嘴巴上留起了不招人喜欢的淡黄色的小胡子。 enhance: make better or more attractive eg. This sauce will enhance the flavor of the meat.u (line 5) It invites compliments. It encourages others to pay me compliments.u (line 7) I might be thrown into such a panic that Id blurt out . I might be made so nervous that I would respond hastily without much thinking. (line 9) It is one of the paradoxes of social intercourse that a compliment is harder to respond to than an insult. The fact that it is harder to respond to a compliment than an insult seems to be foolish or impossible in social communication but has some truth in it.在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。Paradox is a statement which seems to be foolish or opposite to common sense or the truth, but which may contain a truth. For example, More haste, less speed.u (line 10) Here is an area of small talk that most of us act awkwardly. Compliment is part of the conversation about everyday matters but most of us dont know how to respond to it properly. 闲聊时来句恭维话，往往让我们大多数人不知所措。 (line 12) Someone utters a pleasing, praiseful remark in our direction and we grow inarticulate and our kneecaps begin to vibrate. If someone pays a compliment to us, we will feel at a loss and our kneecaps begin to tremble. 有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话，我们就慌得说不出话来，膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。 u (line 21) The nearest I ever came to downright acceptance of this particular compliment was the time I said, “Well, we like it.” I ever came nearest to complete acceptance of this particular compliment when I said, “Well, we like it.”Trans.:我在接受这种特定的恭维时，最接近完全接受的说法就是我曾经有一次说“嗯，我们喜欢。” downright a. used to emphasize that something is completely bad or untrueExamples： She had made trouble whenever she could, stealing her boyfriends by telling downright lies.I thought my wedding was, despite its lacking the familiar trappings of tradition, downright legal.u (line 30) . carried away by the vastness of his complimentary remark . too excited by the empty complimentary remarkTrans.:一位被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的妇女禁不住说道：“嗯，我们喜欢这个地球。” (line 32) I think we make a mistake when we react to a compliment with denial and derogation. I think it improper to say “no” to a compliment or to lessen a compliment. Trans.:我认为，对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。u (line 42) I know a man who has put his mind to this problem and come up with a technique for brushing off praise. I know a man who has thought hard about this problem and figured out a way to remove praise.Trans.:我认识一个潜心研究这个问题的人，他想出一个办法来避开别人的表扬。u (line 43) He employs a sort of unreasonable realism. He adopts a very realist but quite unreasonable approach.Trans.:他采取了一种不近情理的现实主义方式。u (line 51) I dont think this fellow is on the right track. I dont think this fellow acts in a right way.u (line 55) This sort of thing, the witty reply, ought to be placed under government regulation. The clever reply of this kind should be discouraged from being overused.Trans.:这种俏皮机智的应答，应该置于政府的管理之下。appalled a. very shocked and upset by something very bad or unpleasanteg.： Appalled at the state of the kitchen, she set about scrubbing away the layers of grime and grease. u (line 60) Flattery will get you everywhere. It derives from a well-known saying “Flattery will get you nowhere” but expresses the opposite value or philosophy. “Flattery will get you nowhere” means mere flattery is of no use while “Flattery will get you everywhere” implies flattery is always welcome.u (line 61) But for every genuinely clever retort there are a thousand that fall flat. Out of a thousand replies that fail to produce the desired effect, only one is really clever.Trans.:在千百次的应对中才会有一句真正巧妙地应答。For each/every/a number,(there are): compared witheg. For one enemy he has fifty friends. For every three who do agree with you,there are two who dont.u (line 61) It takes a Dorothy Parker or a George S. Kaufman to handle the quip comeback with skill. Only a person like Dorothy Parker or George S. Kaufman can manage a clever reply skillfully.u (line 81) . the unwritten code of authorhood . the convention that authors have to followTrans.:著书人的一条不成文的规定u (line 100) . with immeasurably lovely egg on your face . with your feeling extremely embarrassedu (line 101) There is no point in trying to play the game back at them theyll top you in the end, no matter what. It is no use trying to make a clever retort theyll eventually surpass you in all situations.Trans.:想要回敬他们，没门儿- 不管你说什么，最后总被他们占了上风。u (line 103) . at the bottom of all graceful social intercourse lies poise . keeping dignified and confident is the most important in all decent social intercourseTrans.:在所有得体的社交场合，最根本的就是保持镇定。u (line 109) Given the same circumstances I would have quietly asked for a coil of rope. If I were in the same situation, I would have felt so ashamed as to hang myself with a coil of rope without being noticed.u (line 112) If we could all comport ourselves with that kind of dignity, and quit jittering, our social life would be much more enjoyable.Trans.:要是我们的行为举止都能保持这种风度，摆脱局促不安，那我们的社交生活就会有趣得多。Main Ideas of the TextIn the text, the author asserts that in social intercourse a compliment is much harder to respond to than an insult. He thinks it wrong that people respond to a compliment with denial and derogation. Then he offers some ideas about how to deal with compliments. Finally the author concludes that poise is the basis of all graceful social intercourse. So the only sensible response to a compliment is：Thank You. Key to ExercisesIII. Vocabulary A. 1. came up with 2. the chances are 3. fell flat 4. bestowed upon 5. downright 6. put your mind 7. appalled 8. verdict 9. poise 10. blurted outB. 1. inarticulate 2. insults 3. inept 4. glowingly 5. execrable 6. enhance 7. invite 8. sickly 9. adroit 10. charmingC 1. A 2.C 3. C 4. B 5. A6. C 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. AIV. Cloze1. hesitant 2. playing 3. contributes4. or 5. confidence6. external 7. lurking 8. whose9. because10. withhold 11. given 12. for 13. perspective 14. drawback15. competition 16. achieved17. equal 18. based19. enters20. enhancing TranslationA 我想了片刻，觉得世界上讲西班牙语的人最善于辞令，也许可以从他们身上学到点什么。你对他们中的一个人赞叹说，“我从来没见过这么漂亮的房子，”他马上答道，“您大驾光临，更使蓬荜生辉。”让你站在那儿，一脸尴尬。要想回敬他们,没门儿-不管你说什么，最后总被他们占了上风。有一点很清楚： 在所有得体的社交场合，最根本的就是保持镇定。伊利莎法勒写过一本美国最早的有关礼仪方面的书。她在书中讲述了一个故事，阐明保持镇定的重要性。那是在新英格兰举行的一次高雅的宴会上，主人切鹅时，鹅不慎脱手，滑出了盘子，落在一位贵妇人的衣裙上。要是我遇到这种情况，我会感到极为窘迫，恨不得悄悄地找根绳子去上吊。可是，这位主人却泰然自若。他极为平静而庄重地说，“夫人，您把那鹅给我，我将感激不尽。要是我们的行为举止都能保持这种风度，摆脱局促不安，那我们的社交生活就会有趣得多。如果我们牢记下面这一点，我们就会显得更加镇定自如： 每当有人恭维你时，他可能只是想和你说说话。唯一明智的回答就是由八个小小的字母构成两个简洁的小词：Thank you ！B An important step i