20篇初高中英语文章加详解.docx

Passage 1My motherMy mother is xx. She is of medium build and is of medium height. She isnt very good-looking, but I think she is really very pretty. She loves laughing, and she also hopes I have the same bright smile. She is ordinary, shes a teacher. She teaches me to be strong and teaches me how to be a true man from my youth. She let me free so I have a lovely life, and I remember I had a lovely childhood, too. She is always very good-tempered. I am thankful to her for everything. I will never forget her. When she is old, Ill take good care of her.Words and Expressions1. medium n. 媒体,媒介；a. 中间的,中等的medium build 中等身材，中等体格2. good-looking a. 好看的，美貌的 3. love to do sth love doing sth 喜欢做某事4. hope vt. 希望，盼望hope to do sth / hope thatE.g. I hope to see you and your family soon. / I hope that he will succeed.vi. 希望，期待hope forE.g. Everyone hopes for snow.n.希望，期望E.g. You mustnt give up hope.5. teach sb to do sth 教某人干某事6. temper n. 性情，脾气；特征good-tempered a. 宽容的；和蔼的；脾气好的E.g. Be patient. Dont lose your temper over trivial matters.Sentences1. She is of medium build and is of medium height.2. She loves laughing, and she also hopes I have the same bright smile.3. She teaches me to be strong.4. When she is old, Ill take good care of her.Passage 2Time Is Money“Time is money.” This saying means that time is very valuable.But time is more valuable than money. The money we have lost can be gained again, but the time we have wasted cannot be regained. Moreover, sometimes persons can exist without money, but nothing can be done without time, just as no one can live without air.Despite being so valuable, time is often neglected by men. Since time is an invisible thing, men often waste their time unconsciously（无意地）. Without anything to do, they may gossip from morning till night.Man can live only at most to about 100 years. It seems fairly long, but in fact it is rather short. We often say “How quickly time flies!” How many things can a man accomplish in such a short period? Hence we should use the valuable time properly to do our work. We will race with it. We will study and work hard. Never waste a little bit of it.Words and Expressions1. value n. 价值 v. 评价valuable a. 有价值的，值钱的，贵重的E.g. It is suicidal pottering away valuable time.2. gain n. 利润，收获 v. 获得gainer n. 获得者，胜利者regain v. 恢复，重新获得E.g. This should help you gain trust.3. exist v. 存在；生存；生活existence n. 存在；生存；存在物E.g. We cant exist without air.4. despite prep. 尽管，不管 = in spite ofE.g. He went to work despite his illness.5. neglect n. 疏忽，忽视 v. 疏忽，忽视neglect of duty玩忽职守；失职E.g. He was so busy that he neglected his health.6. visible a. 明显的，看得见的invisible a. 无形的，看不见的E.g. The differences are almost invisible7. conscious a. 意识到的，故意的 consciously ad. 有意识地,自觉地consciousness n. 知觉,意识, 观念, 觉悟unconscious a. 无意识的，失去知觉的unconsciously ad.不知不觉，无意识地unconsciousness n. 无意识；失去知觉；神志不清E.g. He made that mistake unconsciously8. accomplish v. 完成；实现；达到accomplishment n. 完成，实现E.g. They have accomplished their mission successfully.Sentences1. “Time is money.” This saying means that time is very valuable.2. Time is more valuable than money.3. Sometimes persons can exist without money, but nothing can be done without time, just as no one can live without air.4. How quickly time flies!5. We should use the valuable time properly to do our work.6. Never waste a little bit of time.Passage 3Why not cook at home?Many people are so busy these days that they have no time to cook at home. This has become a problem because most families love home cooking! The food tastes good and a family meal can bring everyone together. In some families, meals are often the only chance everyone gets to see each other during the day.Another reason people enjoy home cooking is that it is a way of showing love. A parent who makes some cookies is not just satisfying a childs sweet tooth. He or She is sending a message. The message says, “I care about you enough to spend an hour making cookies that you will eat up in 15 minutes if I let you.”There is also something about the smell of home cooking. The smell of cooking makes people happy. It makes most of us feel good and loved-even if were the ones doing the cooking! Next time you smell a cake making, stop for a moment and pay attention to your mood.Everyone should learn to cook something, Why not give your parents a surprise with a simple meal one day? It will make them very happy.Words and Expressions1. cook v. 烹调，做饭；n. 厨师cooker n. 炊具E.g. We cooked the fish in the microwave oven.2. taste n.味道，味觉，品味 vt. 尝，体验 vi. 尝起来（感官动词之一，后常加形容词）E.g. He tasted both cakes and decided neither was good. The meat tastes delicious.3. satisfy v. 令人满意，满足satisfying a. 令人满意的，令人满足的satisfaction n. 满意E.g. He spent a lot of money in satisfying the appetite for excitement and amusement.E.g. That answer wont satisfy her.4. attention n. 注意，关心pay attention to 注意，重视E.g. You should pay attention to your spelling.Sentences1. The food tastes good and a family meal can bring everyone together.2. Another reason people enjoy home cooking is that it is a way of showing love.3. It makes most of us feel good and loved.Next time you smell a cake making, stop for a moment and pay attention to your mood.Passage 4Chinese New YearChinese New Year is the most important festival for Chinese people all over the world. It is also called the Spring Festival or the Lunar New Year. The exact date of the Spring Festival on the Western calendar changes from year to year. However, Chinese New Year takes place between January 1 and February 19. On the Chinese calendar every year has an animals name. These animals are the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, ram, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. A Chinese legend says that these twelve animals had a race. The first year was named after the rat, the winner. The other eleven years were named according to the order in which the animals arrived in the race. The clever rat jumped onto the oxs back, and then at the end jumped over the oxs head to arrive first! The Chinese believe that a person born in a particular year has some of the characteristics of that animal.Words and Expressions1. lunar a. 月的, 月球的E.g. The lunar stone is different from earths.2. west n. 西, 西部, 西方western a. 西方的, 西部的; 在西方的, 在西部的E.g. The city is in the west of London. He is wearing a western style suit.3. calendar n. 日历, 月历 E.g. According to the calendar my birthday falls on a Sunday this year.4. take place 发生E.g. The evening party will take place on New Years Eve.5. Januaryn. 一月Februaryn. 二月Marchn. 三月Apriln. 四月Mayn. 五月Junen. 六月Julyn. 七月Augustn. 八月September n. 九月Octobern. 十月Novembern. 十一月Decembern. 十二月6. ratn. 鼠oxn. 公牛rabbitn. 兔子ramn. 公羊roostern. 公鸡7. legend n. 传说E.g. This is a popular legend.8. race n. 人种,种族；(速度)比赛, 赛跑；竞争vt. & vi.和比速度; 参加比赛E.g. Hes a very good swimmer and often races.9. particular a. 特定的, 某一的particularly ad. 特别; 尤其E.g. This is a particular case. He isnt particularly clever10. character n （汉）字.字体；品格characteristic n. 特征E.g. The character of this country has been formed by immigration.He responded with characteristic generosity.Sentences1. The exact date of the Spring Festival on the Western calendar changes from year to year.2. A Chinese legend says that these twelve animals had a race.3. The other eleven years were named according to the order in which the animals arrived in the race.Passage 5Knowledge and PowerKnowledge and power are the two things most desired by man. There is close connection between these two things. The man, having done his best in acquiring knowledge, will easily get a high position and perform it successfully.Power depends on knowledge. Knowledge to power is just like a compass to a ship, by which her sailing is made safely across an unknown ocean. A great statesman or a learned scholar can give his good services to his country just because he has perfect and profound knowledge.Power only follows knowledge. A man cannot do anything well unless he has some information as how to do it well. A man will sometimes lose his way in a strange land. An apprentice cannot produce any delicate work. Why are these so? Because they are in want of knowledge. If the apprentice wishes to produce good work, he must pay attention to his instructors advice.We are all the future masters of our country. Our country needs our services. How can we fulfill our future tasks? To get more knowledge is the only answer.Words and Expressions1. desire n. 欲望，要求 v. 渴望desired a. 渴望的,想得到的E.g. We all desire happiness and health.2. connect v. 连接，把联系起来connection n. 连接，联系E.g. What is the connection between the two ideas?3. acquire v. 获得，得到acquirement n. 取得,习得E.g. She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.4. perform v. 之行，完成，表演performance n. 表演，演出performer n. 表演者，执行者E.g. The students will perform an opera next Friday.5. depend v. 依靠，依赖，指望；取决于depend on 取决于；依赖；依靠E.g. Health depends on good food, fresh air and enough sleep.6. compass n. 指南针7. statesman n. 政治家，国务活动家8. scholar n. 学者scholarship n. 奖学金E.g. My wish is to become a scholar.9. profound a. 深厚的，渊博的，意义深远的E.g. Her parents divorce had a profound effect on her life.10. apprentice n. 学徒11. delicate a. 微妙的；精美的，雅致的；柔和的； 12. instruct v. 通知；指导；教授instructor n. 指导书；教员；指导者instruction n. 说明,须知;教导E.g. Her husband is an archery（箭术）instructor.13. fulfill v. 履行，实现，满足E.g. We must fulfill the plan, whatever happens.Sentences1. Knowledge and power are the two things most desired by man.2. The man, having done his best in acquiring knowledge, will easily get a high position and perform it successfully.3. Power depends on knowledge.4. Knowledge to power is just like a compass to a ship5. A man cannot do anything well unless he has some information as how to do it well.6. We are all the future masters of our country.7. How can we fulfill our future tasks? To get more knowledge is the only answer.Passage 6Learn How to Say NoWeve all been taught that we should help people. It is the right thing to do and will make us popular with others. It may even win us favors in return. However, we must be realistic. We cant say yes to every request. If we did, we would fail or go crazy for sure. Sometimes we simply dont have the time to help. In this case, we must know how to say no politely.When we need to say no, here is one method we can try. First, we should tell the truth. If we really cant do something, we should just say so. Second, we should remember to refuse requests politely. We must communicate clearly, but must also be sincere and sympathetic. A true friend will understand. Finally, we must not feel guilty about saying no. Sometimes refusing others is the right thing to do. It can save ourselves, and them, a lot of trouble. In short, we cannot please everyone all the time. Refusing favors is a part of life.Words and Expressions1. favour (美favor) n. 恩惠；好意；帮助favorablea. 赞同的;称赞的favored a. 受到优待的,有天赋的,受优惠的,有利的,受惠的,幸运的favorer n. 爱顾者,保护者E.g. You did me a great favor.2. in return 作为回报E.g. Can I buy lunch for you in return for your help?3. real a. 真实的，确实的reallyad. 真，真正realistic a. 现实的,注重实际的,实际可行的E.g. They were much more realistic about its long term commercial prospects.4. request n. & v. 要求,请求CU(+for)+to-v+thatE.g. Mr. Paine made a request that I should help him.5. polite a.有礼貌的,有教养的politely ad.有礼貌地politenessn. 礼貌politer a. 有礼貌的E.g. He thanked me politely.6. commune vi.与感觉一致;感觉与很亲近;与亲密地交谈communicate v. 交际；传达（感情，信息等）communication n.交际,交往;通讯communicablea.可以传授的,会传染的communicativea.爱说话的,好社交的communicatorn.交流者,发报机,列车内通报器E.g. Communication between old and young people is not so difficult as you think.7. sympathyn.同情sympathetic a. 表示同情的sympatheticallyad.悲怜地;富有同情心地sympathize vi.同情, 支持E.g. She is sympathetic over what has happened.8. guilty a.有罪,犯法的,做错事的guiltless a. 无罪的，无辜的；没有的，不知的guiltiness n. 有罪；自觉有罪；愧疚E.g. The manager was guilty of an important misjudgment.9. in short 总之 E.g. In short, we must be prepared.10. refuse vi.拒绝，不愿refusal n. 拒绝E.g. Martin refused to discuss the matter.Sentences1. It is the right thing to do and will make us popular with others.2. When we need to say no, here is one method we can try.3. We must communicate clearly, but must also be sincere and sympathetic.4. Finally, we must not feel guilty about saying no.Passage 7Think it OverToday we have higher buildings and wider highways, but shorter temperaments and narrower points of view; We spend more, but enjoy less; We have bigger houses, but smaller families; We have more compromises, but less time; We have more knowledge, but less judgment; We have more medicines, but less health; We have multiplied out possessions, but reduced out values; We talk much, we love only a little, and we hate too much; We reached the Moon and came back, but we find it troublesome to cross our own street and meet our neighbors; We have conquered the outer space, but not our inner space; We have higher income, but less morals; These are times with more liberty, but less joy; We have much more food, but less nutrition; These are the days in which it takes two salaries for each home, but divorces increase; These are times of finer houses, but more broken homes; Thats why I propose, that as of today; You do not keep anything for a special occasion, because every day that you live is a SPECIAL OCCASION. Search for knowledge, read more, sit on your porch and admire the view without paying attention to your needs; Spend more time with your family and friends, eat your favorite foods, visit the places you love; Life is a chain of moments of enjoyment; not only about survival; Use your crystal goblets. Do not save your best perfume, and use it every time you feel you want it. Remove from your vocabulary phrases like one of these days or someday; Lets write that letter we thought of writing one of these days! Lets tell our families and friends how much we love them; Do not delay anything that adds laughter and joy to your life; Every day, every hour, and every minute is special; And you dont know if it will be your last.Words and Expressions1. temper n. 性情，脾气；特征temperament n. 性格；气质；易冲动；（性情）暴躁E.g. Be patient. Dont lose your temper over trivial matters.Success often depends on temperament.2. compromise n. 妥协；vi. 折中解决，退让；vt. 违背（原则）；E.g. I would rather die than compromise.3. judge n. 法官；审判官；v. 为（竞赛等）担任裁判；评定judgment n. 判断，鉴定； 辨别力，判断力E.g. As far as I can judge, this book is useful.Hes a man of excellent judgment.4. multiply vt. & vi. 乘；（使）增加；ad. 多样地；复合地；a. 多样的multiplied v. 乘（multiply的过去式和过去分词）；E.g. Friendships multiply joys and divide griefs. Efficiency will be multiplied several times.5. possess vt. 拥有；掌握，懂得possession n. 有，所有，拥有；领地；财产，所有权E.g. Some animals possess the characteristic of man.He gave up possession of the house.6. trouble n. 麻烦；烦恼；vi. 费心；vt. 麻烦；使烦恼troublesome a. 令人讨厌的；令人烦恼的；引起麻烦的；（孩子等）难管的E.g. We are in trouble, he said gloomily.It is a troublesome question.7. liberate vt. 解放； 释放； 释出，放出liberty n. 自由E.g. You should liberate the mind from prejudice. He stood for the cause of liberty and justice.Sentences1. We reached the Moon and came back, but we find it troublesome to cross our own street and meet our neighbors.2. Search for knowledge, read more, sit on your porch and admire the view without paying attention to your needs.Passage 8How to Be PopularMost people would like to be popular with others, but not everyone can achieve this goal. What is the secret to popularity? In fact, it is very simple. The first step is to improve our appearance. We should always make sure that we stay in good shape and dress well. When we are healthy and well-groomed, we will not only look better but also feel better. In addition, we should smile and appear friendly. After all, our facial expression is an important part of our appearance. If we can do this, people will be attracted to our good looks and impressed by our confidence.Another important step is developing more consideration for others. We should always put others first and place their interests before our own. Its also important to be good listeners; in this way people will feel comfortable enough to confide in us. However, no matter what we do, we must not gossip. Above all, we must remember to be ourselves, not phonies. Only by being sincere and respectful of others can we earn their respect. If we can do all of the above, I am sure popularity will come our way.Words and Expressions1. popular a. 孚众望的,得人心的,受欢迎的(+with/among)popularity n. 普及,流行;大众化E.g. She is now a popular film star.be popular with受欢迎E.g. Loud music is more popular with young people than with old.2. appear vi. 出现appearance n. 出现，露面；容貌disappear v. 消失disappearance n. 消失, 丢失3. make sure that+句子，表示“确保.”，而且要用虚拟语气。E.g. Make sure that you attend my birthday party tomorrow night.4. well-groomed a. 非常整洁的E.g. When you apply, your attire should be neat and tidy, hair and fingernails well groomed and your shoes moderate.5. after all 毕竟；终究 =in the long runE.g. There is no need to pick at him all day long. Hes a child a