会计英语Unit 3

Unit3AccountingCycle LearningObjectivesThemainpurposeofthisunitistointroducetheknowledgeabouttheaccountingcycle Afterlearningthisunit youshouldbeableto 1 Identifywhatsourcedocumentsare 2 Knowtheclassificationofsourcedocuments 3 Describehowtheaccountingcycleworks 4 Identifydifferenttypesofjournals 5 Describethefeaturesofledgers 6 Identifybasicelementsofsourcedocuments 7 Masterthemainaccountingtermsrelatedtotheaccountingcycle LeadInLilyandMarrybuyacomputerfortheircompany Theygettheinvoicefirstandhereisthedialoguebetweenthem L Whatshallwedowiththeinvoice M First weshouldhandittotheaccountant andthentheaccountantwillpayusthemoney L Wherewilltheinvoicegothen M Theaccountantwillrecordtheamountinjournals andafterthat theamountwillbepostedintoledgers L Thentheitemtransactionwillbeseeninthefinancialstatements M Iknow 3 1AccountingCycleBeforewestarttolearnthebasicprocessofaccountingcycle it snecessarytohavesomeknowledgeoftheaccountingsourcedocuments Theyarethebeginningofanaccountingcycle Sourcedocumentsareoriginaldocuments whichrecordtheoccurrenceandcompletionofeconomictransactions Theyareusuallyfilledinbythebusinessclerks accordingtotheprocessofeconomictransactions Therearemanykindsofsourcedocuments andthepatternsaredifferentfromoneanother Evenso therearesomegeneralelementsinsourcedocuments 1 nameofsourcedocument 2 filling incompanyordepartment 3 dateandnumbers 4 companyorpersonthat receivesthedocument 5 digestoftransaction 6 amount priceandsum Generallyspeaking therearetwokindsofsourcedocumentsinuse Theyaretheexternalsourcedocumentsandtheinternalsourcedocuments Internalsourcedocumentscontain 1 one offdocument 2 accumulateddocument 3 collectedsourcedocument Theyexistfordifferentuses Fillinginorgettingthesourcedocumentsisthestartofanaccountingcycle Accountingcycleisasequenceofaccountingprocedureswhichincluderecording classifyingandsummarizingtheaccountinginformation Generallyspeaking thewholeaccountingcycleincludesthefollowingsteps Economictransactionsandsourcedocuments Whenaneconomictransactiontakesplace thebusinessmanwritesaccountingsourcedocuments onecopyfortheseller onecopyforstub andthelastonefortheaccountant Journalizing Theaccountantrecordsthistransactionintorelatedjournal Posting Thisstepistoposttheaccountinginformationtogeneralandsubsidiaryledgers Thefirstthreestepsaredonewheneveratransactionhappens Adjusting Afteralltransactionsarecollected atrialbalancesheetismade Duringanaccountingperiod therewillbesomeaccrualordeferredtransactions Accordingtothematchingprinciple it snecessarytoadjusttheseitemsattheendofamonth aquarterorayear Here anadjustedtrialbalanceneedstobemade Preparingfinancialstatements OnDecember31 everycorporationshouldprovidethefinancialstatementsonthebasisofadjustingentries ClosingandReversing Attheendofeachaccountingperiod thebalanceofeveryprofitandlossaccountmustbezero Sothelaststepisclosing Usuallyan IncomeSummary isusedinthisstep Theresultofthisstepisapost closingtrialbalance Atthebeginningofanewaccountingperiod reversethedeferredoraccrualitemstothebeginningbalance Then anotheraccountingcyclebegins Wecandemonstratethewholecycleasfollows Figure3 1 Activity Discussaboutthefollowingquestionwithyourpartner Whathaveyoulearnedfromtheaccountingcycle 3 2JournalsInanaccountinginformationsystem theinformationabouteachbusinesstransactionisinitiallyrecordedinanaccountingrecordcalledaccountingjournal Thejournalisaday to dayrecord Itisalsocalledthebookoforiginalentry recordingeachbusinesstransactioninorderofdate Theprocessofrecordingdatainajournaliscalledjournalizingormakingajournalentry Atconvenientaccountingintervals maybeonemonth thedebitandcreditamountsrecordedinthe journalarelaterpostedtorelatedledgers Theledgerwillbeexplainedlater Manybusinessesmaintainseveralkindsofjournals Thesimplesttypeiscalledgeneraljournal Thegeneraljournalcanbeusedtorecordalltypesoftransactions Itcontainsthedateofatransaction thesortandthenumberofthedocument thedigest relateddebitandcreditledgers andtheamount Inadditiontothegeneraljournal thereisanothertypeofjournal thespecialjournal Thespecialjournaliswidelyusedtoregistersomespecificbusinesstransactions Themostcommonlyusedarecashreceiptjournal cashpaymentjournal salesjournalandpurchasejournal InChina thecashreceiptjournalandcashpaymentjournalarewidelyusedalloverthecountry Figure3 2BankDepositJournal Figure3 3CashJournal Activity Discussaboutthefollowingquestionwithyourpartner What syouropinionofjournals 3 3LedgersInunit2wehavelearnedtheknowledgeaboutaccount Accountantsrecordtransactionsinthecompany saccounts Anaccountisameansofrecordingallinformationaboutchangesinasset liabilityandowner sequityitems Forconvenientaccesstotheinformationintheaccounts thepagesaregatheredinasinglebook Thenumerousaccountsinthebookarecalledledgeraccounts Accordingtomanagementrequirements therearetwotypesofledgersinordinaryuse generalledgerandsubsidiary ledger Thereisarelationshipbetweenthetwotypes Thebalanceofgeneralledgerisequaltothesumofbalancesinsubsidiaryledgers Soforthesametransactioninthesameaccountingperiod it srequiredtorecordthesameamountandthesamedebitandcreditentryinbothgeneralledgerandsubsidiaryledger Figure3 4ExpenseSubsidiaryLedger Activity Discussaboutthefollowingquestionswithyourpartner Whatdoyouthinkaboutledgers What stherelationshipbetweenjournalsandledgers Notes Grammar1 Sourcedocumentsarebasicdocuments whichrecordtheoccurrenceandcompletionofeconomictransactions 原始凭证是记录经济业务发生和完成情况的基本单据 这里which引导的句子为定语从句 修饰先行词documents 它补充说明了原始凭证在会计循环过程中的作用 记录经济业务的发生和完成情况 2 IncomeSummary损益汇总科目 这个科目的作用是结转本期损益类账户的余额 在会计期间内 本期发生的收入和费用在相应账户内累积加总 到会计期末时 转入利润表 计算当期收益 使损益类账户余额归零 损益汇总科目只是一个过渡科目 其最终没有余额 3 Soforthesametransactioninthesameaccountingperiod it srequiredtorecordthesameamountandthesamedebitandcreditentryinbothgeneralledgerandsubsidiaryledger 对同一