英语人教版八年级下册Uuit3 SectionA 1a----1d.doc

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?（Section A 1a2d）（听说课）编写：李翠芳 审核：李翠芳 挂科领导：_ 使用者：_ 教师寄语：Do in Rome as the Romans do . 入乡随俗。学习目标:1.熟练掌握本节课词汇；2.学会委婉表达自己的请求；3.掌握情态动词could的用法。重点、难点: 情态动词could的用法。学习过程:Step1、 感知（一）了解话题 汉译英。 倒垃圾_ 洗盘子_ 扫地_ 整理床铺_ 叠衣服_ 清扫客厅_（二）初听材料 听录音, 完成1b相应练习。（三）发现疑难 利用1b信息与同伴对话练习完成1c, 找出疑难。_Step2、 内化（一）详听材料 听录音，完成2a 和2b。（二） 疯狂背诵 1. Peter, could you please take out the rubbish? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？ Could you please(+do)? 意为“请你（做）好吗？”是礼貌、委婉的说法，could不是can的过去式，属于情态动词，please在此作感叹词，意为“请，好吗”。该句型用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./Of course./Certainly./No problem. 否定回答：Sorry, I cant. Eg: -Could you please give me something to drink? -Sure, here you are. Could you please?的否定形式为：Could you please not? 2. Can you do the dishes? 你可以洗一下碗吗？do the dishes 意为“洗盘子”，其中dish意为“碟；盘”，可数名词。“do(+the)+名词”意为“做”。其中的名词一般要用复数形式，名词前通常用定冠词the。构成的常见短语：do exercise做运动 do ones homework do chores做家务 do some shopping购物=go shopping do some reading看书 do the/some cleaning做清洁【拓展】make也可表示“做；进行；作出”，其构成的常见短语有： make ones/the bed 铺床 make tea 沏茶 make coffee 煮咖啡 make breakfast 做早餐 make friends交朋友 make a decision=make decisions作决定 3. Could I use your computer? 我可以用你的电脑吗？ 句型“Could I”意为“让我好吗？”或“我可以吗？”表示委婉地请求别人允许自己做某事。此句型一般不在I 后加please, could可以用can或may替换。Eg: Could I use your pen?=Can I use your pen?= May I use your pen? 4. Could I at least finish watching this show? 我至少能看完这个节目吧？ at least 在此意为“至少”，指尽管没有更好的情况。还可表示“不少于，起码，至少”，指数或量，或者纠正刚说过的话。 Eg: It will take you at least 20 minutes to get there. 到那里至少要花费你20分钟。 I made everything perfectly. At least, I thought I did. 我把一切都搞得很清楚了。至少我自己是这么认为的。 finish 后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。Eg: When did you finish working yesterday? 5. I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我认为看两个小时的电视对你来说已经足够了！ two hours of 意为“两个小时的”，是由of构成的名词所有格，相当于two hours。 Eg: I do two hours of sports every day.= I do two hours sports every day. enough作形容词“足够的”，位于系动词后作表语。作定语，修饰名词（可数名词复数或不可数名词），位于名词前后均可。Eg: Fifty yuan is enough. enough money=money enough enough也作副词，意为“足够地”，修饰动词、形容词或副词，位于所饰词后。 Eg: I havent trained enough for the game.对比赛我训练得不够。 Its warm enough to swim. 天气够暖和，可以游泳了。 1. And she wont be happy if she sees this mess. 而且如果她看到这么杂乱，她会不高兴。 本句为含有if引导的条件状语从句，符合“主将从现；主情从现；主祈从现”规律。 Eg: If you want to be a scientist , you must study hard.如果你想成为科学家，就必须努力学习。 If you have any difficulties, please ask your teacher for help. （三）归纳总结 总结如何向别人委婉表达自己的请求 。Step3、拓展（一） 汇报点拨 利用2a,2b信息与同伴对话练习完成2c，理解并背诵2d。（二） 内化训练 单项选择。 1. -Sir, could you please put off your cigarette? This is a smoke-free（无烟的）school. -_. A. Im sorry about this B. No problem C. Sure, Id love to D. Never mind 2. There is _ news about this movie star in the newspaper. Where can I get some? A. many B. a few C. a lot D. little 3. Now all of us exercise at _ least _ hour a day in and outside school. A. the; a B. a; an C. 不填；a D. 不填；an4. -Can you finish _ these books before 10 oclock ? -Yes, I can. A. to read B. read C. reads D. reading 5. He didnt run _ to catch the train. A. enough fast B. fast enough C. fastly enough D. enough fastly 6. The children will climb the hill if it _ tomorrow. A. wont rain B. didnt rain C. isnt raining D. doesnt rain（三）反馈拓展 我的收获：_ 我的疑惑：_Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? （Section A 3a4c）（读写课）编写：李翠芳 审核：李翠芳 挂科领导：_ 使用者：_ 教师寄语：Do in Rome as the Romans do . 入乡随俗。学习目标:1. 熟练掌握本节课词汇；2. 熟读并理解3a内容；3. 背诵Grammar focus。重点、难点：能根据3a信息，独立完成3b和3c。学习过程：Step1、初读（一）新课导入 组内背诵2d,各组派出一名于全班背诵。（二）初听快读 初听3a录音，完成3b。（三）问题初探 回答3a问题于教材上。Step2、精读（一）再听精读 再听录音，跟读理解文章内容。 （二）探究质疑 根据文章内容，完成3c于教材上。(三）疯狂背诵1. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over. 我一坐在电视机前，妈妈就走过来了。 the minute相当于when或as soon as,表示“一就”，作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，与其用法相同的还有the moment。Eg: The minute I saw her, I recognized her.= As soon as I saw her, I recognized her. 我一看到她就认出了她。 come over意为“过来；走过来”，还可表示“来访；拜访”。come over还可与介词to或from连用，表示“（从别国）来到”。2. Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！asas意为“像一样”，用于同级之间的比较。基本结构：as+形容词或副词原级+as。 Eg: I gave him as much as he could eat. 他能吃多少，我就给了他多少。asas的否定形式为not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as，表示“不如；比不上”。Eg: He doesnt study as/so hard as his brother. 他学习不如他弟弟努力。3. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 有一个星期的时间，她不做任何家务，我也没有做。 Neither did I 意为“我也不”。Neither作副词，表示“也不”，用于否定句的倒装，相当于Me, neither。 结构为“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”，意为“也不”。 Eg: Ann wasnt in the library yesterday afternoon. Neither was Mike. 昨天下午安不在图书馆，迈克也不在。 Lucy cant swim. Neither can her sister. 露西不会游泳，她的姐姐也不会。表前者情况同样适合后者，要用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”结构。 Eg: I like playing baseball. So does Mary. 4. The next day, my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy. 第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。 find后面可以接“宾语+宾语补足语”，宾补可以用形容词（短语）、名词（短语）、介词短语、动词-ing形式或过去分词来充当。 Eg: I found the job boring. We all find him an honest boy. My father found me reading when he came in. When I got home I found the bike broken. find后还可接it作形式宾语，构成“Sb. find + it +形容词（for sb.）to do sth.”句型，意为“某人发现做某事（对某人而言）是的”。 Eg: I find it wrong for me to waste so much time. 我发现浪费那么多时间是错误的。5. I finally understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home. 我终于明白了我们需要分担家务，为了拥有一个干净舒服的家。need “需要”，实义动词，否定、疑问句要借助助动词do/does/did。 主语是人时，sb. needs to do sth；主语是物时，sth needs doing sth= sth needs to be done 。 Eg: We need to work harder. The floor needs sweeping every day.= The floor needs to be swept every day. 这地板需要每天打扫。 need作情态动词时，后接动词原形，无人称和时态的变化。You neednt go if you dont feel like it. 你不喜欢去就别去了。6. Could you please pass me the salt? 你能把盐递给我吗？ pass 动词，“传递；传送；经过”。常用于pass sb. sth.或pass sth. to sb. 意为“把某物传递给某人”，同义词hand。 但是当直接宾语是代词时，只能用pass sth. to sb. Eg: Please pass me the pen.=Please pass the pen to me. 请把钢笔递给我。 【辨析】past 是介词，“经过；过去”，有时还可作形容词，“过去的”。 Eg: I went past the post office to school in the past. 我过去从邮局经过去学校。 We all passed the exam.我们都通过了考试。7. Could I borrow that book? 我能借你那本书看吗？Could you lend me some money? 你能借我一些钱吗？ 【borrow、lend、keep与use的区别】词条含义用法borrow借入，瞬间动词后接双宾语，常与from连用，borrow sth from sb/sp=borrow sb sth “从某人/某处借来某物。 I borrowed a book from her.我向她借了一本书。lend借出，瞬间动词后接双宾语，常与to连用，lend sth to sb=lend sb sth“把某物借给某人”。 Could you lend your pen to me? 你能把你的钢笔借给我吗？keep借，延续性动词常与表示一段时间的状语连用，表“借了某物多长时间”。 You can keep the book for a week. 这本书你可以借一周。use借用相当于borrow。 May I use your bike? 可以借你的自行车用一下吗？8. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet. 我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。 try to do sth.意为“努力/尽力/试图去做某事”，但不一定成功，相当于try ones best to do sth。其否定形式在try后加not,即try not to do sth. Eg: What are you trying to do? 你想要做什么？ try doing sth “试着做某事”，看看会发生什么情况。 Eg: Ill try doing it in a new way. 我想用一种新方法试着做做看。9. I hate to do chores. 我讨厌做家务。 hate to do sth.“讨厌做某事”，表具体的一次性的动作；hate doing sth,表习惯性、经常性、一般性动作。Eg: Lucy hated eating meat when she was a child. 当露西还是个孩子的时候就讨厌吃肉。 I hate to do some chores after school. 我讨厌放学后做家务。10. Ill finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.while/when引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”，while引导的从句的谓语动词通常是延续性动词，when引导的从句的谓语动词通常是瞬间动词（非延续性动词）。while用于表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，强调主句的动词和从句的动词表示的动作或状态是同时发生的；when引导的从句既可表示瞬间动作，也可表示一段时间，主句和从句的动作可以同时发生（即：所在句的动作发生时，另一动作正在进行），也可以先后发生。Eg: I was writing a letter while Mum was watching TV. 妈妈在看电视的时候，我在写信。 I was having the piano lesson when he came in. 当他进来时我正在上钢琴课。Step3、拓展 （一） 汇报点拨 完成4a,4b于教材上。（二） 内化训练 单项选择。 1. Liu Ying is good at singing. She sings _ the famous singer, CoCo. A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. as the best as2. Im not going swimming tomorrow afternoon. -_. I have to clean up my bedroom. A. So am I B. Neither am I C. Neither I am D. So I am3. I can talk with foreigners , _. A. So am Tom B. So can Tom C. Neither can Tom D. So does Tom4. At times, parents find it difficult _ with their teenage children. A. talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk5. Dont throw away the waste paper. It needs _ so that it can be reused（再用）. A. to destroy B. destroying C. to collect D. collecting6. Lisa is a little poor at Chinese. I think she needs _ it every day. A. practice to speak B. to practice speaking C. practice speaking D. to practice speak7. I _ the store on my way to the library. A. past B. passed C. go past D. pass8. Can I _ your bike? -With pleasure. But you mustnt _ it to others. A. lend; borrow B. borrow; lend C. lend; lend D. borrow; borrow9. I didnt hear you come in just now. Thats good. We tried _ any noise, for you were sleeping. A. not make B. not to make C. to make D. making10. She hates _ in her room. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smokes11. _ the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach. A. When B. If C. While D. Once12. Amy was reading a book _ I came in. A. when B. while C. because D. though13. Sally took a photo of her friends while they _ computer games. A. play B. are playing C. have played D. were playing（三）写作拓展 完成4c于教材上。我的收获：_我的疑惑：_Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?（Section B 1a1e）（听说课）编写：李翠芳 审核：李翠芳 挂科领导：_ 使用者：_ 教师寄语：Do in Rome as the Romans do . 入乡随俗。学习目标:1. 熟练掌握本节课词汇；2. 熟练运用本节课涉及短语；3. 掌握本部分听力内容。重点、难点: 熟练运用本节课涉及短语。学习过程: Step1、感知（一）了解话题 A、 用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. I dont like to do the _ (dish) at all. 2. Could you please do some _ (shop) with us? 3. The girls hate _ (go) out at night. Its dark. They are afraid. 4. You dont need _ (do) the work. I can finish it. B、独立完成1a于教材上。（二）初听材料 听录音, 完成1c,1d。（三） 发现疑难 阅读1c,1d部分听力材料, 找出疑难。Step2、 内化（一）详听材料 再听录音，试着跟读。（二）疯狂背诵 1. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？ invite及物动词，常用于invite sb to sp/sth，“邀请某人去某地或邀请某人参加某项活动”，当表示地点的词是副词时，要省略to。 invite还可用于invite sb to do sth,“邀请某人做某事”。 其名词形式为invitation。 Eg: We would like to invite him to our house. 2. No, you cant have a party. 不，你不能举办聚会。 cant=cannot,意为“不能，不会”，情态动词can表请求或允许，多用于口语中，“可以，能”，在疑问句中用来提出要求，在否定句中表示不允许。 Eg: He cant go with you, he has to do his homework. 他不能和你去，他不得不做他的家庭作业。 cant还可表示推测，意为“一定不是”。 Eg: That man over there cant be Mr Wang. He has gone to Yushu. 那边的那个人一定不是王先生，他已经去了玉树。（三）归纳总结 结对练习1e。Step3、拓展（一） 汇报点拨 展示1e。（二） 内化训练 单项选择。1.-Is that man Lucys uncle? -No, it _ be him. He has gone to London.A. neednt B. may not C. cant D. mustnt2. How many English words do you think I should know? -As many as you _. Then you will find reading quite easy.A. will B. must C. can D. might3. Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates _ dancing with her.A. practice B. practices C. practicing D. to practice（三）反馈拓展 我的收获：_ 我的疑惑：_Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? （Section B 2aSelf Check）（读写课） 编写：李翠芳 审核：李翠芳 挂科领导：_ 使用者：_ 教师寄语：Do in Rome as the Romans do . 入乡随俗。学习目标:1.熟练掌握本部分词汇； 2.熟读2b,理解文章内容；3.能利用所给信息写小短文。重点、难点: 能利用所给信息写小短文。学习过程：Step1、初读（一）新课导入 A、 Answer the two questions below.1. What do you often do to help your parents at home?_2. Do you think kids should help out with chores at home?_B、英译汉spend their time on schoolwork_ get good grades_have enough stress_ a waste of time_ have no idea_do their part in keeping it clean and tidy_provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children_（二）初听快读 初听2b录音，圈点困难词、句。（三）问题初探 独立完成2c、2d于教材上。Step2、精读 （一） 再听精读 再听录音，跟读理解2b内容。（二）探究质疑 组内完成2e。(三）疯狂背诵 1. I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。 make sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，make使役动词，后接复合宾语（宾语+宾补），其中可用名词、形容词或不带to的不定式作宾补。make用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原，即be made to do sth. Eg: What he said made me laugh for a few minutes. make sb. sth.=make sth for sb. “为某人制作某物”（ Mother made Lily a new dress.=Mother made a new dress for her.妈妈给丽丽做了一件新衣服）；make sth/sb +动词过去分词“使某人/某物被”（He could not make himself understood.他不能让别人明白他的意思）； make sth into “将某物制成”（ He will make the paper into a boat他要把这张纸折成船）。2. They dont have time to study and do housework , too. Housework is a waste of time.他们也没有时间学习家务和做家务。做家务是在浪费他们的时间。 have time to do sth.“有时间做某事”，“没有时间做某事”表示为have no time to do sth, dont have time to do sth.（He has time to make a speech on Wednesday. 星期三他有时间去做演讲。） a waste of固定搭配“浪费”，waste作名词不可数，但可与不定冠词a连用。waste作动词为“浪费”，后接名词或代词作宾语，常用搭配waste time/money on sth.或waste time/money (in) doing sth.“在（做）某事上浪费时间/金钱”。 Eg: There is no use wasting time in discussing how it happened. 浪费时间去讨论它是如何发生的是没有用的。3. They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. 为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间花在学业上。 spend“用；花费；度过”，主语必须是人，常用结构spend on sth/(in) doing sth.【take, spend, cost与pay的区别】词条含义主语句型take花费时间形式主语itIt takes/took sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间spend花费时间/金钱人sb. spend(s)/spent time/money on sth.某人在某物上花费.；sb spend(s)/spent time/money (in) doing sth. pay花费金钱人sb. pay(s)/paid money for sth. 某人付某物的钱cost花费金钱物sth. cost(s) sb. money 某物花了（某人）多少钱in order to介词短语，“目的是，为了”，后接动原，位于句中句首均可，否定形式为in order not to；in order to 相当于so as to 或to，但so as to不能位于句首。【in order to 常可转化为in order that/so that引导的目的状语从句，但不能位于句首。】 Eg: Im saving money in order to buy a house.= Im saving money in order that / so that I can buy a house.我正在攒钱买房。 get into固定搭配“进入”， 相当于enter。（The dust got into/entered my eyes.灰尘落入了我的眼睛。） get构成的常见短语： get on (上车) get off（下车） get up（起床） get back（返回；取回） get over（克服）4. It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。 It is ones job/ duty to do sth.是个固定句型，表示“做某事是某人的工作/职责”。 provide动词，后常接名词或代词作宾语或双宾语。“为某人提供某物”表示为provide sb. with sth= provide sth for sb. 【provide与offer的区别】provide无主动意味，而offer有主动、慷慨之意，常用句型为offer sb. sth=offer sth. to sb. ; offer to do sth.5. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. 我认为对孩子们来说，学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母是很重要的。 It is + adj.+ (for sb.) to do sth.是常用句型，表示“(对某人来说) 做某事是的”。其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。如果此句型中的形容词为表示人的品行的词，则要将for sb变为of sb.即It is + adj. + of sb + to do sth. Eg: Its kind of you to help me so much. 你帮了我这么多你真是太好了。 how to do chores为“疑问词+不定式”结构，在此句中作宾语，可改写成由该疑问词引导的宾语从句。 Eg: The headmaster didnt know what to do with the boy.= The headmaster didnt know what he should do with the boy. 校长不知道怎样处理这个男孩。6. Doing chores helps to develop childrens independence and teaches them how to look after themselves. 做杂务不仅可以培养孩子们的独立性还可以教他们如何照顾自己。 develop independence“培养独立意识” developing与developed都是develop的形容词形式，前者表示“发展中的，正在发展的”，后者表示“发达的”。（developing country发展中国家；developed country 发达国家） develop的名词形式development7. Our neighbors son got into a good college but during his first year, he had no idea how to take care of himself. 我们邻居的儿子上了一所好大学，但是在第一年的时候，他还不知道如何照顾自己。 take care of 固定词组，“照料；照顾”，相当于look after。 “照顾好；好好照顾”可表示为take good care of = look after . well ( Eg:The nurse takes good care of the baby.=The nurse looks after the baby well.) take care 意为“当心；注意”，常用于祈使句中，相当于look out/ be careful。8. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. 孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来越好。 The earlier，the better 越早越好。 “the+比较级，the+比较级”意为“越越”。 Eg: The sooner, the better. 越早越好。 The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have. 你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。 get/ become +形容词比较级+ and +形容词比较级 “变得越来越” Eg: It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。 （形容词或副词的）比较级+and+比较级 “越来越” Eg: As winter is drawing near, its getting colder and colder. 随着冬天的临近，天气越来越冷。Step3、拓展 （一）汇报点拨 全班展示2e答案，延伸回答3a,3b。（二）内化训练 A、单项选择。1. He lost his key. It made him _ in the cold to wait for his wifes return. A. to stay B. stayed C. stays D. stay2. Dont _ water. Cant you see