初中英语语法总结(三)--代词.doc

初中英语语法总结（三）代词【代词】人称代词，物主代词，反身代词类别主格宾格形容词性 物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数I me my mine myself复数 we us our ours ourselves第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself复数 you you your yours yourselves第三人称单数 he him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its itself复数 they them their theirs themselves1人称代词 人称代词it的特殊用法：一般it指“它”，但在表示天气、时间、距离等时，用it来代替，此时的it并不译为“它”。当三个人称代词(单数)同时出现时，其先后顺序为you，he，I。而复数一般采用we，you，they顺序。 2物主代词物主代词的用法：形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词。 名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。3反身代词 1)反身代词的构成分两种：第一、二人称反身代词在形容词：性物主代词后加上self或selves，第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves2)反身代词的用法：一种是作宾语，由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。如：I enjoyed myself at the party另一种是作名词或代词的同位语；用来加强语气。如：I can do it myself3)初中阶段由反身代词构成的常用词组有：enjoy oneself，help oneself to，learn by oneself，teach oneself，(all)by oneself，leave.by oneself，lose oneself in等，在运用反身代词时，应注意它在数、性别上与哪一个保持一致。试比较：“Help yourselves to some fish，Tom and Mike”与I cant leave the girl by herself指示代词 指示代词的特殊用法：(1)为了避免重复，可用that，those代替前面提到过的名词，但是this，these不可以。(2)this，that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。 不定代词主要不定代词的用法：(1)one的用法A. one作为代词可以指人，也可以指物。B. one，ones (one的复数形式) 可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词，以避免重复。C. one的前面可用this，that，the，which等词来修饰。D. 常有a+形容词+one这一形式。it和one的用法区别：it用来指特定的东西，而one则用于替代不特定的东西。(2)some和any的用法区别A. some，any可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中。B. some，any与thing，body，one构成的合成词的用法与some，any一样。C.在疑问句中，一般不用some，只有当问句表示一种邀请或者请求，或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some。D. some在否定句中表示半否定，any表示全否定。Esome用于单数可数名词前，表示“某个”而不是“一些”。(3)other，another的用法数种类单数复数泛指another=an otherother (boys)others特指the otherthe other (boys) the others功能作主语、宾语、定语作定语作主语、宾语A. anotheranother另一个”，泛指众多者中的另一个，在原有基础上自然增加的另一个。一般后面接单数名词，前面不能加定冠词。有时another可以用在复数名词前表示“又”“再”，如： I want to have another two cakes我想再吃两个蛋糕。Bthe other表示两个中的另一个，常与one连用。常见形式是“onethe other”。 C. other+复数名词others D. the other+复数名词the others(4) a11、both的用法both表示“两者都”，而a11表示“三个或三个以上的人或物都”。a11、both在句中放在be动词，情态动词及助动词之后，放在实义动词之前。(5) each和every的用法A. each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。B. 从含义和语法功能上看，each是“单个”的意思，侧重个体，在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。而every是“每一个”之意，侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语，也就是说它后面必须跟着名词。而由every构成的合成词后面绝不能跟名词。(6)either，neither，both的用法either：指两者中的任意一个。作主语谓语用单数。neither：指两者都不，全否定。作主语谓语用单数。 both：指两者都。作主语谓语用复数。 (7)many和muchmany只能和复数可数名词连用。much只能和不可数名词连用。注意：a lot oflots of / plenty ofmuchmanya largegreat number ofmanya greatgood deal ofmuch(8)few，a few，little，a littlefew，little表示否定含义，“很少”“几乎没有”；a few，a little表示肯定含义，有一些”。few，a few用在可数名词前，little，a little用在不可数名词前。 【代词】例1 用所给词的适当形式填空。1）This isnt _ (I) book, it must be _ (you). 2）Is there any milk in the bottle? Yes, there is _ (little). 分析 第1小题第一空要用形容词性物主代词my，用于修饰名词book，第二空则要用名词性物主代词yours，相当于your book。第2小题应用a little表示肯定：“有一点儿”。例2 There are many trees on_ of the road. A. both side B. each sides C. both sides D. every side 分析 此题主要考查不定代词both, each和every的用法。both为“两者”（都）”，作定语时，其后接复数名词；作主语时，要用复数谓语动词。either为“两者中间的任何一个（的）”，作定语时，后接单数可数名词；作主语时，要用单数谓语动词。every意为“每个（的）”，作定语，只用于三者或三者以上。又因马路road（rive，street等）只有两侧，所以正确答案只能是C。例3 1) “Help _ to some mooncakes”, Han Meimei said to the twins.A. you B. oneself C. yourself D. yourselves 2) Put on your clothes when you go out.Thank you. Mum. I can look after_.A. me B.I C. ourselves D. myself 分析 这是一组考查反身代词用法的试题。反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语和同位语，不能单独使用、不能替代主格代词，但可用在主格代词后以加强语气。还常用于某些短语中，如：by oneself独自，enjoy oneself 玩得愉快，teach oneself 自学，help oneself to随便吃（用）等。因此上二题答案均为D。例4 （广东省，2003）There is with my computer. It doesn t work.A. nothing wrong B. anything wrong C. wrong something D. something wrong分析 本题考查形容词与不定代词的位置关系，形容词修饰不定代词应放在不定代词之后，而anything用于否定句和疑问句，由It doesn t work知选D。答案：D解后反思 考虑词的使用范围并结合语境是解决本题的关键。单项选择1. _ the twins enjoyed _ at the party yesterday.A. Both; them B. Both; themselves C. Neither; them D. All; themselves2. Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a cup of tea?_, thanks. Id like just a cup of water.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None3. Would you like _ milk in your tea?Yes, just _.A. any; little B. some; a little C. much; a few D. a little; some4. There is_ to do this evening.A. much nothing B. many nothing C. nothing much D. nothing many5. The two friends were so pleased to see each other that they forget _.A. anything else B. something else C. nothing else D. everything else6. Is this your shoe?Yes, it is. But where is_?A. the others B. another C. other one D. the other one7. What I want to say is _English is a very useful language.A. it B. this C. that D. those8. They have an English lesson _ day, Monday, Wednesday and Friday.A. each other B. every other C. some others D. another more9. We found_ very important to learn a foreign language well.A. this B. that C. it D. its10. _ is Lily like?Oh, shes tall and thin.A. How B. Who C. Which D. What11. Would you like milk or orange?_ I prefer water.A. Each B. Neither C. Either D. Both12 .Oh, there is someone in the room._ must be my mother.A. There B. She C. This D. It 13. Betty and John have come back, but _ students in the class arent here yet.A. the other B. others C. another D. the others14. _ of us has read the story.A. Some B. Both C. All D. None 15. Which of her parents is a doctor?_. A. Any B. Either C. Both D. All16. I have bought a new watch because my old _ doesnt work.A. it B. one C. that D. this 17. Is this dictionary _ or _?Its mine.A. your; hers B. your; her C. your; her D. yours; hers 18. There is _ water in my glass. Will you please give me _.A. little; some B. few; any C. few; some D. little; any 19. _pencil-box is this, Patrick?I