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目录
第1章 前言································1
1.1塔式起重机概述······················1
1.2塔式起重机的发展趋势···············1
第2章 总体设计··························2
2.1 概述···································2
2.2确定总体设计方案·················2
2.2.1 选择确定总体参数············· 2
2.2.2工作机构·························20
2.2.3安全保护装置·················· 28
2.3 总体设计设计总则·················30
2.3.1 整体工作级别··················30
2.3.2 机构工作级别···············30
2.3.3 主要技术性能参数···········31
2.4 平衡重的计算······················31
2.5 起重特性曲线······················33
2.6 塔机风力计算···················· 35
2.6.1工作工况Ⅰ·················· 35
2.6.2工作工况Ⅱ·················· 39
2.6.3非工作工况Ⅲ················41
2.7 整机的抗倾覆稳定性计算·········44
2.7.1工作工况Ⅰ················· 45
2.7.2工作工况Ⅱ·················· 46
2.7.3非工作工况Ⅲ···············47
2.7.3非工作工况Ⅳ················48
2.8 固定基础稳定性计算·············49
第3章 变幅机构的设计和计算····· 51
3.1变幅机构的形式···················· 51
3.2 确定卷筒的尺寸·····················51
3.2.1 卷筒的名义直径·············51
3.2.2 多层绕卷筒相关参数计算·····52
3.3. 选择电动机、减速器、制动器、联轴器······················· 53
3.3.1选择电动机················ 53
3.3.2 选择减速器··················· 54
3.3.3 变幅机构制动器的选择·······54
3.3.4变幅机构联轴器的选择······ 55
3.4. 验算变幅速度·····················57
3.5验算起、制动时间验算············ 57
3.6电动机发热校验···················· 59
3.7 校验卷筒强度······················60
第4章 变幅小车的设计············61
4.1 变幅小车的形式····················61
4.2 变幅小车的设计···················61
4.2.1绳索牵引式小车构造及其驱动方式·
4.2.2 运行小车牵引力计算·········63
4.2.3牵引绳最大张力·············66
4.2.4 选择牵引绳·················67
4.2.5 牵引卷筒计算···············67
毕业设计小结·····························71
致谢········································ 72
参考文献·································· 74
摘要
塔式起重机是为了满足高层建筑施工、设备安装而设计的新型起重运输机械,本次设计的塔式起重机为水平臂架,小车变幅,上回转自升式多用途塔机。该机能够随建筑高度的升高而加升,具有占地面积小和拆装方便等优点,塔机上部能借助于液压顶升机构,根据施工的建筑物的增高而相应地升高,使司机操作方便,视野宽并始终保持高清晰。
本设计的题目是QTZ40塔式起重机—变幅系统的设计,主要设计理念是通过参照同类塔式起重机进行设计。此次设计的QTZ40塔式起重机形式为上回转液压顶升自动加节,固定式高度为30米,在附着状态下可达到100米,其工作幅度为40米。本机性能先进,结构合理,操作使用安全可靠.其主要特点是起重高度大,工作幅度宽。
本设计书主要包括三部分:第一部分是QTZ40塔式起重机总体方案的选择及总体设计计算过程;第二部分是变幅机构的设计与计算:包括变幅机构的形式、确定卷筒尺寸、选择电动机、减速器、制动器、联轴器;验算实际变幅速度 验算起、制动时间;电动机发热验算;卷筒强度的计算;第三部分是变幅小车的设计:包括变幅小车的形式、变幅小车的强度计算。
关键词:QTZ40塔式起重机 总体设计: 变幅系统
ABSTRACT
Tower cranes are to meet high-rise construction building, equipment installation and design as a new type machinery of lifting transport. The design of Tower crane is horizontal boom, trolley luffing, on the back or decanted from the tower-type multi-purpose machines . To the building of the height of the rise and add up, this crane covers an small area and open a convenient advantages of the tower on top of the department have the promotion, according to the construction of buildings improves and correspondingly increase, the driver is easy to operate with wide and remained high.
The design of the topic was QTZ40 tower crane-minus its finite luffing system design. My design concept is refered to similar crane under design QTZ40 crane. There are many forms, the design form for the promotion and hydraulic automatic increase in fixed for 30 meters in height, which can achieve 100, the rate is 40 meters. The crane have good performance, logical structure and operation of using safe . Its main characteristics are lifting a great job in the wide .
This design mainly includes three parts: the first is the QTZ40 tower crane overall scheme selection and overall design calculation process;
The second part is to become the design and calculation of Trolley travelling:Include to become a form of organization, certain book tube size, choose electric motor, decelerate a machine, make a machine, allied stalk machine;Check to calculate to physically become speed to check to start to calculate and make time;The electric motor has fever to check to calculate;The calculation of book tube strength;The third part is to become the design of a small car:Include to become a form of small car and become the strength calculation of a small car.
Keywords: QTZ40 tower crane The total design:luffing system
1.1 概述
塔式起重机是我们建筑机械的关键设备,在建筑施工中起着重要作用,我们只用了五十年时间走完了国外发达国家上百年塔机发展的路程,如今已达到发达国家九十年代末期水平并跻身于当代国际市场。
QTZ40型塔式起重机简称QTZ40型塔机,是一种结构合理,性能比较优异的产品,比较国内同规格同类型的塔机具有更多的优点,能够满足高层建筑施工的需要,可用于建筑材料和预制构件的吊运和安装,并能在市内狭窄地区和丘陵地带建筑施工。高层建筑施工中,它的幅度利用率比其他类型起重机高,其幅度利用率可达全幅度的80%。
QTZ40型塔式起重机是400kN·m上回转自升式塔机。上回转自升塔式起重机是我国目前建筑工程中使用最广泛的塔机,几乎是万能塔机。它的最大特点是可以架得很高,所以所有的高层和超高层建筑、桥梁工程、电力工程,都可以用它去完成。这种塔式起重机适应性很强,所以市场需求很大。
1.2 发展趋势
塔式起重机是在第二次世界大战后才真正获得发展的。在六十年代,由于高层、超高层建筑的发展,广泛使用了内部爬升式和外部附着式塔式起重机。并在工作机构中采用了比较先进的技术,如可控硅调速、涡流制动器等。进入七十年代后,它的服务对象更为广泛。因此,幅度、起重量和起升高度均有了显著的提高。
就工程起重机而言,今后的发展主要表现在如下几个方面:①整机性能:由于先进技术和材料的应用,同种型号的产品,整机重量要轻20%左右;②高性能、高可靠性的配套件,选择余地大、适应性好,性能得到充分发挥;③电液比例控制系统和智能控制显示系统的推广应用;④操作更方便、舒适、安全,保护装置更加完善;⑤向吊重量大、起升高度、幅度更大的大吨位方向发展。





