英语主从句、复合句 重难点语法讲解与练习.doc

英语主从复合句重难点讲练I 定语从句(I) 用关系代词还是用关系副词（where /when /that /which /why）1） A: I still remember the day _ he saved my child. B: I still remember the day _ we spent together.2） A: Pisa is a city _ there is a leaning tower. B: Pisa is a city, _ has a leaning tower.3） A: The reason _ she gave is unbelievable. B: The reason _ he refused her is not known.(II). that引导的定语从句与同位语从句 The news that they had succeeded inspired us greatly. The news that they told us yesterday proved wrong. that在强调句与定语从句中的运用。1） A: It was at the theater _ Lincoln was murdered. B: It was the theater _ Lincoln was murdered.2） A: It was on Oct.1st,1949 _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. B: It was Oct. 1st, 1949 _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded(III). 定语从句修饰表语与表语从句1) Is the company where he worked near your hospital?Is the company the one where he worked? Is the company where he worked? 2） A. that B. in which C. the one D. where Is this the factory _ you visited last year?Is this factory _ you visited last year?(IV). 定语从句与结果状语从句 A. as B. such C. that D. which It is so heavy a box _ no one can lift it. It is so heavy a box _ no one can lift. He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.(V). 定语从句中部分句子（名词、代词、数词）放在关系词前的情况 The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of whom are women. The book contains 50 poems, most of which were written in 1930s. There are two left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 有时whose 可用of which, of whom 代替，比较下面两组句子 The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. 但of which 所修饰的词若是数词、不定代词或另有其他限定词(the除外)，不可改为“whose” e.g. There are six possibilities, every one of which involves difficulty. (VI). whose 引导的定语从句，既可指人又可指物。whose还常在定语从句中同it 连用，it起形式主语的作用，表示强调。例如： This is the building whose windows were all painted green. A teacher is a person whose duty is to teach. A teacher is a person whose duty it is to teach.(VII). 介词+ whom/which + to do She is a pleasant girl with whom to work. （介词在前时，whom和which不可省略） She is a pleasant girl to work with. （介词在句尾时，whom和which必须省略） (VIII). 定语从句与先行词隔裂的情况 He wont live long who smokes three or four packs of cigarette every day for many years. She asked the boy to stay at home who had been ill for a long time. Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace.II 状语从句1 where引导的状语从句与定语从句、宾语从句的区别。1）Do you know where he is? (宾语)2）You should put the book where it was. / Where there is a will, there is a way. (状语)3）You should put the book in the place where it was. (定语)2 when 和before引导的句子位于句末时，有特殊的含义。The war lasted four years before the north won in the end.I was about to leave when the telephone rang.I was reading in my study when the telephone rang. 3. whether和 if 的用法区别 1) if 表示“如果”可引导条件状语从句 2）if 和whether 都表示“是否”，下列情况下只用whetherl 主从、表从、同位从l whether to do (or not)l discuss 和介词后 e.g. The question whether to go or stay is still undecided. It depends on whether he is at home. We discussed whether we should send the students to the conference.III 名词性从句名词性从句与定语从句的比较 A. that B. what C. which D. why E. this1) _ worried her was that her hair was turning grey.2) Her hair was turning grey. This was _ she was worried about. Her hair was turning grey. This was _ was worrying Her hair was turning grey. This was _ she was a bit worried.3) Her hair was turning grey. This was the reason _ she was a bit worried.4) Her hair was turning grey, _ worried her a bit.5) Her hair was turning grey, and _ worried her a bit.6) The fact _ her hair was turning grey worried her a bit.7) The reason _ he was absent was _ he had left for Shanghai. He told me what had happened to him. He told me all that had happened to him. what 不能引导定语从句；宾语从句中的what相当于sth + that/which引导的定语从句 2主语从句的疑问词选用 What these factories have caused is quite clear.That these factories have caused a lot of pollution is quite clear. that引导的主语从句在从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。 Whether these factories can reduce the pollution remains a question. Why these factories have caused so much pollution remains a question. Whoever finds ways to reduce the pollution should be highly praised. 3. who 和 whoever 在引导主语从句时的差别 1) _ will go is not important. 2) _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (97高考) who仅仅是它所引导的主语从句中的主语；而whoever不仅是它所引导的从句的主语，而且还是整个句子的主语（相当于the person who）。 4. whatever (who/which/when/where/how + ever) 等词的用法 1) It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.(名词性从句) 2) _, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. A. However late is he B. However he is late C. However is he late D. However late he is（让步状语从句=no matter +疑问词） 3）He may go wherever he wants. （when/where +ever还可引导时间或地点状语从句）巩固练习( ) 1. _, Im sure he is honest.A. Whatever people say B. What people sayC. No matter people say D. It doesnt matter people say( ) 2. He is the student _ you think to be worthy of our praise. A. who B. whom D. he D. him( ) 3. Eat _ you like and leave the others for _ comes in late. A. any; who B. everything; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. anything, anyone( ) 4. We made a decision _ there would be rain, we should stay at home.A. that B. if C. that if D. whether( ) 5. Go and get your coatIts _ you left it A. where B. there C. here where D. where there( ) 6. _ the rain has stopped, lets continue to work.A. For B. Now that C. That D. Because( ) 7. That warmhearted woman often helps _ is in trouble. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever( ) 8. It worried Mary a lot _ she would pass the college entrance examination. A. whether B. if C. that D. how( ) 9. The true value of life is not in _, but in _.A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give( ) 10. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who( ) 11. The difficulty lies _ we have no money.A. in the fact which B. in which C. that D. in the fact that( ) 12. Im going away _ she will go is up to her to decide. A. if or not B. whether or not C. that if D. which( ) 13. They did not get married for a month _ they quarreled with each other. A. until B.