Module2《No Drugs》(外研版必修2).doc

金太阳新课标资源网 必修2 Module2No Drugs（外研版）1. addict n对(药物等)上瘾的人；vt.使成瘾；使沉溺于1)addict oneself to沉溺于；醉心于be/become/get addicted to.沉迷于；热爱；迷上2）addictive adj.使人上瘾的；(药物等)上瘾的；上了的瘾addictive可作定语、表语和补足语，作定语时，被修饰语通常是事物；作表语和补足语时，主语一般也是事物。be/become addictive to.沉迷于，对上瘾addicted不能作定语，可作表语和补足语，其逻辑主语是有行为The problem with video games is that theyre addictive. 电子游戏的问题在于它们会使人上瘾。Smoking can be addictive. 吸烟容易上瘾。Once one is _ to cocaine cigarette，its not easy for him to kick it off.Aattracted Babsorbed Cdevoted Daddicted一个人一旦对可卡因烟上瘾，就不容易戒掉。3）addiction n瘾；入迷；嗜好 Nowadays，many children are addicted to computer games.现在许多孩子迷上了电脑游戏。Dont be addicted to net chatting.It wastes too much time.不要沉醉于网上聊天，它浪费太多时间。He is now fighting his addiction to smoking.他现在正努力戒烟。和addicted/addiction连用的to是介词，其后要跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。2. danger n. / endangered adj. / dangerous adj. be in danger (of) / be out of danger =be endangered be dangerousThe tiger is in danger now.The tiger is endangered now.The tiger is dangerous.The bridge is in danger of collapse.He is out of danger now.3reduce vt.减少，缩小；降低；使陷入某种更坏的状态辨析：reduce; decrease;decline1) reduce指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低make smaller,cheaperI bought this shirt because it was reduced (from$10 to $6).He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他缩减了他们的开销。reduce from. to等表示“从降低到；reduce to 减少到reduce by 降低了反increase to 增加到increase by 增加了We bought a television that was reduced(from 500 to 350)in the sales.我们在大减价时，以(从500英镑减至350英镑)很便宜的价格买了台电视。2)decrease指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱become less in sizs, number, strength or quality 反 increase Our sales are decreasing. The company decreased the number of workers. The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口数量急剧下降。3)decline a)衰落；跌落；降低（ from better to a worse position; or from higher to lower（如：经济形势、股息的）下降，萧条（指倾向，趋势） The old man declined rapidly and soon died. b)辨析：decline客气的拒绝（尤其对提议或邀请） I am afraid I must decline you invitation./ to answer that question. We asked them to come to our party but they declined( the invitation).refuse 没那么客气，较为坚决 The prisoner refused to give his name.turn down 与refuse 相似reject 根本不考虑提议或建议；不接受（某人） The workers have rejected the companys pay offer. He felt rejected by society.4. treatment n, treat sb. with sth.治疗（过程） cure sb. of sth 治愈 heal sb. of sth 治愈（外伤）5likely adj.可能的 辨析：possible/ probable/ likely1) possible只有可能性小probable多指有较大的可能性likely=probablea. It is possible (for sb.) to do It is possible that (should) do It is possible (for us) to study English well. It is possible that we study English well. b. It is probable thatIt is probable that it will rain today.不能说: It is possible for him to come.Its possible that it will rain, but with such a blue sky it doesnt seem probable.有可能下雨，但眼下晴空万里不像是下雨的样子。 c. sb./ sth. be likely to do It is likely that He is likely to come.It is likely that he will come.It is likely that it will rain.It is likely to rain.2) a) perhaps & maybe都当“也许”，“可能”解。但maybe一般用于非正式文体，而且主要用于美国英语。在表示“尽可能快地”时，只能使用短语as soon as maybe=as soon as possible不能说as soon as perhapsb) perhaps一般用于句首,不与形式主语连用,后面不接从句,通常只接sb. 或sth. Perhaps they will help us after all.Perhaps the letter will come today. maybe可放句首, 或后接从句Maybe well see you tomorrow.I think maybe they dont want him, hes so cross.c) perhaps表示 “或许”, “可能” 是一种推测,相当于maybe, 固不能与may连用,以避免语义重复Perhaps they will help us.3) probably不能用在not后possibly 和can, could连用，起强调作用 -Could you _ take care of my dog while Im away? -Sure. Leave it to me, please. A. perhaps B. possibly C. maybe D. probably (B) (could, can, may, might连用)例句：Its quite likely that well be in Spain this time next year.明年的这个时候我们很可能会在西班牙。剑桥高阶Shes very likely to ring me tonight.她很有可能今晚打电话给我。possible/probable/likely用possible，probable，likely填空It is entirely possible for us to fulfill the task ahead of schedule.It is possible，though not probable，that he will accept these terms.You are likely young people.6.disagree vi.不同意；不一致；不适宜；不适合disagree with sb. about sth.与意见不一致；与不相称；与不相宜His conduct disagrees with his words.他言行不一。He disagreed with me about the matter.对于那件事他与我意见不同。The climate here disagrees with me.这儿的气候对我不适合。1)agree with同意；(气候，食物等)适合于某人I think youll agree with me that the situation is improving.我认为你会同意我，形势正在有所改善。Your story does not agree with what I have heard.你的故事与我听说的不一致。I cant agree more.我再同意不过了。2)agree to.赞成；同意计划、建议或条件等I told him my plan and he at once agreed to it.我告诉他我的计划，他立刻赞同。He agreed to lend me his bike.他赞同借给我自行车。3)agree on就取得一致意见和看法We couldnt agree on the price.就价格我们意见不一。agreement n一致；同意；协定；协议7.ban vt.禁止；n.禁止，禁令1)ban on /against禁止bann./pron./doing.禁止ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做2)put a ban on.禁止under a ban被禁止The President supports a global ban on nuclear testing.总统支持全球性禁止核试验。Smoking in a readingroom is placed under a ban.在阅览室吸烟是被禁止的。He was banned from driving because of drinking.由于喝酒他被禁止开车了。Canada will ban smoking in all offices later this year.今年下半年加拿大将禁止在办公室吸烟。5affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭affect vt.影响；感动；打动；(疾病)侵袭；假装；喜欢1)be affected by被侵袭，被感动be affected by heat中暑be affected with high fever发高烧2)affection n喜爱 Does the amount of rain affect the growth of crops?降雨量会影响作物的生长吗？Lei Feng has affected several generations of the youths in China.雷锋影响了中国的几代年轻人。His opinion will not affect my decision.他的意见不会影响我的决定。All the people in the room were affected to tears.屋里所有人都感动得流了泪。She is affected with cancer.她患有癌症。The doctors are trying their best to treat the affected patients.医生们正在尽力治疗那些感染的病人。be affected by被侵袭；被感动be affected by heat中暑be affected with high fever发高烧affection n爱情；感情 【轻巧辨析】affect/effect/influence三个词都有“影响”的意思。1)affect指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”，着重“影响”的动作，有时含有“对产生不利影响”的意思。2)effect作“影响”讲时，通常用作名词，构成have an effect on“对有影响”。effect作动词时，指“使(某事物)产生；使发生；引起”，着重“造成”一种特殊的效果，如This book effected a change in my opinion.这本书使我的看法起了变化。3)influence指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响”。What you have done will not have _ your fame.Aa good effect on Baffected Ca good affect in DeffectedWhat the teacher said affected me greatly.What the teacher said had a great effect on me.老师说的话对我影响很大。例题：(2009年上海卷)With the governments aid，those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.AaffectBaffecting Caffected Dwere affected6.recognise/recognize vt.认出，识别；承认，认可；认识到1)recognize sb./sth.认出某人；识别出某物recognize.as承认是，认出是recognize.to be 承认是be recognized as公认是，认可是，赞成It is recognized that.人们意识到2)recognition n认出；认识；识别 I recognized her at first sight although I havent seen her for almost ten years.虽然我几乎10年没见到她了，但是我第一眼就认出了她。They have recognized him as their leader.他们已经承认他是他们的领导。They all decided to recognize the new government.他们都决定承认这个新政府。After the accident，he recognised that he was not fit for the work.事故发生后他认识到自己不能胜任这项工作。辨析：know，recognise与realize1)know表示“知道某人”，也可以表示“熟悉”。I have known him since I was a child.我从小就认识他。2)recognise用来表示原来已认识，而再次认出之意，即know again。I knew the boy several years ago，but now I can hardly recognise him.几年前我就认识了那个男孩，但是现在我几乎认不出他了。3)realize侧重指认识上的觉醒，常译为“意识到，明白”。When he realized what happened，he was sorry.当他意识到所发生的事时，他感到抱歉。例题1Oh，its you.I _you.Ive just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses.Adidnt recognise Bhadnt recognisedChavent recognised Ddont recognise2The conference has been told to discuss the effects of tourism _the wildlife in the area. Ain Bon Cat Dwith3We always pay attention to the weather because it _us so directly what we wear，what we do and even how we feel.A.benefits Baffects Cconcludes Dattracts4 It is a rule that the students are banned _computer games in our school. Ato play Bfrom playing Cof playing Don playing5 _to drugs，he seldom call his parents only when he asks them for money. ABeing addictedBAddicted CAddicting DHaving addicted词组：1. break into破门而入，强行闯入；突然起来break into tears突然哭起来break in打断；闯入break out爆发；突然发生break away from脱离；打破break down打掉；坏掉；失败；垮掉；分解（化学）break off折断；突然停止；脱落；断绝break up打碎；拆散；分裂；分解（物理）；驱散Thieves broke into the store at night.小偷在夜里闯入了这家商店。As the presidents car arrived，the crowd broke into loud applause.当总统的汽车到达时，人群中爆发出了热烈的掌声。I was still sleeping when the fire broke out，and then it spread quickly.当火灾发生时我正在睡觉，然后它快速蔓延开了。He has broken down after many years hard work.由于多年的劳累，他病倒了。They quarreled with each other and their friendship broke up.他们吵架了，友谊被破坏了。Dad would occasionally break in with a suggestion.爸爸偶尔会插话来提出建议。2.give up放弃；交出，让出；认输give up doing sth.放弃，停止干give away泄露(机密)；暴露；分发(奖品等)give back归还，送还give in (to sb.)屈服，让步give off发出(蒸汽、味道)；发散(光线)give out用完，用尽；分发；公布 He was asked to give up smoking and drinking.他被要求戒烟戒酒。In the bus，the young should give up their seats to the old.在公共汽车上，年轻人应该把座位让给老年人。After a month，their food supplies gave out.过了一个月，他们的食物已消耗殆尽。He has given in to my views.他顺从了我的意见。These wild flowers give off a nice smell.这些野花散发出一股香味。例题1）He hurried home，only to find his house _.Ahad broken into Bhas been broken intoCbroken into Dbeing broken into2）(2009年海南三亚模拟)Youll _sooner or later if you keep working like that. Abreak off Bbreak down Cbreak into Dbreak out3） The captain showed great perseverance and never _ to disappointment，even when the ship sank. Agave off Bgave awayCgave way Dgave up4）The news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was _on the radio yesterday. Aturned out Bfound out Cgiven out Dcarried out5）No matter how hard it is，the strongwilled mother will never _the hope to find her lost son.Ahold up Bgive upChold back Dgive back3.Whatever youre doing when you want to smokedo something else!当你想抽烟的时候，无论你在做什么做其他的事情！Whatever youre doing是由whever引导的让步状语从句。此时由whever引导的从句都可以换成no matter相应的wh疑问词 。 Whatever (No matter what) I suggest，he always disagree with me.无论我提什么建议，他总是不同意。Whatever/No matter what happens，dont be surprised.无论发生什么，都别惊讶。Whatever you do，you mustnt break the law.无论你做什么，你都不准违法。Whatever reasons you have，you should carry out a promise.无论你有什么理由，你都应当遵守诺言。Whatever decision he made I would support it.无论他作出什么决定我都会支持的。whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever既可以引导名词性从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，等同于no matter what/who/whom/which。You can choose whatever you like in the shop.你可以在商店里选择任何你喜欢的东西。Whenever (No matter when) Im unhappy，it is my friend who cheers me up.不管什么时候我不高兴，总是我的朋友使我振奋起来。I will wait for you however late (no matter how late) it is.无论有多晚，我都会等你。Whoever (No matter who) asks him for advice，he is always ready to help.不管谁来求助于他，他都乐于帮助。例题1)(2009年陕西卷)The howto book can be of help to_wants to do the job. Awho Bwhomever Cno matter who Dwhoever2)John was _to win the 200meter race，but he fell to the ground and missed the chance. Amaybe Bpossible Cprobable Dlikely3)(2009年江西景德镇模拟)If you hurry up，I think it quite _ that you will catch the flight to Hong Kong.There are 40 minutes left.A.probably Blikely Cpossibly Dcertainly4)(2008年上海卷)_well prepared you are，you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.A.However BWhatever CNo matter DAlthough5)(2007年山东卷)Could I speak to_is in charge of International Sales，please?Aanyone Bsomeone Cwhoever Dno matter who4. I couldnt agree more.我完全同意。cant/couldnt.比较级”表示“非常”，不能再(表达最高级的含义)是肯定意思，上句意思相当于“I completely agree.”。在这个句型中，more前加any，可以用来加强语气。His work cant be worse.他干的活真是糟透了。I couldnt feel happier.我高兴极了。They couldnt have done it any better.他们做得非常好。例题Go for a picnic this weekend，OK? _.I love getting close to nature.AI couldnt agree more BIm afraid notCI believe not DI dont think so.易错模块1You are saying that everyone should be equal，and this is _I disagree.Awhy Bwhere Cwhat Dhow2When did you last hear _Jay?He phoned me this morning，and we agreed _a time and place to meet. Aof；to Babout；with Cfrom；with Dfrom；on3 In general，we always shared the same opinion，but this time he_me on that point. Adisagreed with Bdisagreed to Cagree with Dagree to4The poor young man is ready to accept _help he can get.Awhichever Bhowever Cwhatever Dwhenever【解析】只有whichever和whatever可用做名词help的定语，但whichever表示“(已知范围中的)无论哪一种/个”，而whatever表达了“可能得到的任何帮助”的含义。5It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.Awhichever Bwhatever Cno matter what Dno matter which6_team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.ANo matter what BNo matter