直接引语变间接引语(八年级下册)

学辅教育 成功就是每天进步一点点! 授课老师： 授课日期： 直接引语变间接引语讲课内容：1）讲课重难点：直接引语变间接引语的方法，如时态、语序和人称等的变化；不同句型直接引语转换成间接引语的方式。2）讲课规划：一、直接引语和间接引语的定义1）直接引语：一字不改的引用或复述别人的话，被引用或复述的部分被称为直接引语。直接引语一般置于引号之内（即前后加引号）其位置常在句尾或句首，第一个单词首字母必需大写。Eg1. She said ,” I like English very much. “2）间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的部分被称为间接引语。间接引语通常在句中以宾语从句的形式出现。Eg1.She said she liked English very much练习：将下列直接引语转化为间接引语。1. “My parents are very well. “ said Tom. _2. He asked, “ Tom, where did you read it ?” _二、直接引语变间接引语的方法1）人称代词和指示代词的变化。人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。 指示代词thisthat，thesethose。Eg1. He said, “I came to help you.” He said that he had come to help me.Eg2. Peter said，“You had better come have today.” Peter said I had better go there that day.Eg3. Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.练习：将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never had eat meat.2. “Youve found my wallet.” he said to me. He telled me that _ had found _ wallet.5. “Mary met our teacher yesterday.” he said to me.He said to me that _ had met _teacher the day before.2）时态的变化直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致，也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。如果直接引语主句是过去时，间接引语的从句要向后退一格时态，变为相应的过去时态。主句从句例子一般现在时一般过去时Sh She said ,” I like maths very much.” She said that she liked maths very much.一般将来时过去将来时She said,“He will go to see his friend。”She said that he would go to see his friend. 一般过去时/现在完成时过去完成时Eg Eg1.He said，“She bought a computer.”He He said that she had bought a computer.Eg2.She said.“I have lost a pen.” She said that she had lost a pen.现在进行时过去进行时He asked me，“What are you going to do”He asked me what I was going to do.过去进行时不变Jack said that，“John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.过去完成时不变He said，“He had lost a pen”He said that he had lost a pen.但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。如： “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 20, 1980.” Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better，used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不变。如：Peter said，“You had better come have today.” Peter said I had better go there that day.练习：选择题1）Tom said he _ back in a week.A. will come B. would come C. come2）-“I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _.A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacherC. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher3）-He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.”He _very naughty.A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was4）-He asked , “ Are you a League member?”He asked me _.A. am I a League member B. was I a League memberC. if I was a League member D. whether a League member.5）He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _.A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along3）句子中其他成分的变化直接引语变间接引语，具有指代性的词、表示时间的词、表示地点的词、个别谓语动词也需要变化，一些具体变化如下：指示代词： this -that these - those表示时间的词：now - then today - that daythis week(month, etc.) - that week (month, etc.) yesterday - the day before last week(month) - the week(month) before three days(a year)ago - three days(a year)before tomorrow - the next (following ) day next week(month)-the next(following)week(month) 表示地点的词： here - there 个别谓语动词： bring - take come - go练习：将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词1）“I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.2）“I will go there tomorrow morning.” he said.He said that _ _ go there the _ _morning.4）不同句型直接引语变间接引语句型变化要领例句陈述句连接词用that，that可省略She said: “He will be busy.”She said（that）he would be busy.一般疑问句/反义疑问句/选择疑问句用if或whether，不能省略连接词，改为陈述语序Eg1.She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.Eg2. “You have finished the homework, havent you?” my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. Eg3. “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，不能省略连接词，改为陈述语序The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?” The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.祈使句1）用“动词（ask，tell，order，require）+宾语（sb)+(not)to do”结构2）直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”Eg1.The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”The mother asked Tom to get up early.Eg2.He said, “Lets go to the film.” He suggested going to the film. He suggested that they should go to see the film.练习：将下列直接引语转换成相应的间接引语1、陈述句1)She says,”I am a teacher.” _ 2)She said,”He will come here tomorrow morning.” _ 2、一般疑问句1)“Are you from Japan?”he says to me. _3、特殊疑问句 1)“When does the train arrive?” Please told me. _ 4、祈使句/请求1)“Dont make any noise.”Mother says to Tom. _ 2)“open the window.” Mr Li said to me. _ 三、综合练习1、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.He said that _ flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4Can they speak French? I want to know.I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5Are the children playing games? Tell me.Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6 Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _.2、选择填空。( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said _.A. if you are free the next week B. what color it wasC. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring( ) 2.Peter knew _.A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questionsC. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris( )3. Could you tell me _? A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in( )4. I cant understand _the boy alone last night. A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left( )5 The manager came up to see _. A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is D. whats the matter( )6. He asked his father _. A. where it happens B. where did it happen C. how it happened D. how did it happen( )7. No one tells us