2016年职称英语教材理工类阅读判断word版下载 (2).doc

第十一篇Bill Gates: Unleashing Your CreativityIve always been an optimist and I suppose it is rooted in1 my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the world a better place.For as long as I can remember, Ive loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.2 But it changed my life.When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago，we had a vision of “a computer on every desk and in every home”, which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have.And after 30 years, Im still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldnt solve on their own.Computers have transformed how we learn，giving kids everywhere a window into all of the worlds knowledge. Theyre helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.3Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it “tap-dancing to work”4. My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dancing to work” is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetimes worth of photos, and they say, “I didnt know you could do that with a PC5! ”But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC，there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world6. There are still far too many people in the world whose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example, millions of people die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world. My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to8 improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesnt take much to make an immense difference in these childrens lives10.Im still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the worlds toughest problems is possible and its happening every day. Were seeing new drugs for deadly diseases, new diagnostic tools，and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.Im excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, for technology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, were going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.词汇：unleash 解开；放纵；使自由 inspire 鼓舞optimist 乐观主义者 incredible 难以置信的clunky (clonky) 发出沉闷金属声的 curiosity 好奇心inventiveness 发明创造的能力 teletype (teletype-writer) 电传打字机poignant 令人悲痛的，可怜的 tragic 悲剧的，悲惨的vision 想象；幻想；美景 immense 巨大的注释： 1be rooted in：扎根于；深深地存在于2It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.那是一台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相比几乎干不了什么事。本句中，barely意为almost not；compare to在美国英语中也可以等同于compare with（与相比）。3Theyre helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.电脑帮助我们就我们所关心的事情建立一个交流的场所，并且与那些我们认为对我们有重要意义的人密切相处，不管他们身在何处。care about指不管喜欢或不喜欢的事情都很关心、介意、在乎、计较。4“tap-dancing to work”：“跳着踢踏舞工作”。tap原意是“叩击、轻敲”；tap dance是“踢踏舞”。这里实际意思是“（手指）轻轻敲击键盘的工作”。5PC (personal computer)：个人计算机6But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world.除了我们能用计算机做的所有神奇的事情，还有很多其他方式发挥我们的创造力和智慧，从而使世界更加美好。7go unmet：得不到满足。在这里go是系动词，unmet是过去分词作表语。8commit to此处意为承诺，保证做某事。9no less. than：和 一样，不亚于10. and that it doesnt take much to make an immense difference in these childrens lives.而且要改善这些孩子们的命运，其实不难。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to make an immense difference in these childrens lives。练习：1A computer was as big as an icebox when Bill Gates was a high school student.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned2Bill Gates has been dreaming of the popularity of computers for his lifetime.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned3Bill Gates compares his hard work on a PC to “tap-dancing to work”.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned4To Bill Gates mind, there is a big difference between the death of the poors children and the death of the richs children.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned5So far Bill Gates has contributed several dozen billion dollars to the charities.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned6Bill Gates and his wife consider it their duty to help the poor better their health and education as much as possible.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned7Bill Gates will leave only a small portion of his wealth for his children.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned答案与题解： 1A文章第三段中比尔?盖茨说，当他念七年级时，电脑就是冰箱那么大小。2A文章第三段比尔?盖茨说，他30年前与Paul Allen一起创办微软公司时就梦想一桌一机、一户一机，而且从其他各段也可以看到他对电脑有很多的期待。3B从第七段第二句可以看到作这样比较的是他的朋友Warren Buffett，而不是他自己。4B在倒数第三段，比尔?盖茨已经明确说，所有这些儿童的死亡都一样令人伤心和悲痛，没有什么区别。5C文章没有提到他给慈善机构捐款的事。6A倒数第四段比尔?盖茨认为他一生好运，就理应回报社会，所以他和他的妻子做出了承诺，要帮助尽可能多的人改善医疗和教育条件。7C文章没有提到。译文：比尔盖茨：发挥你的创造力我一直是个乐观主义者，我想这是因为我深信创造力和智慧能使世界变得更美好。在我的记忆中，我喜欢学习新东西、解决难题。所以当我七年级时第一次坐在电脑前时，我立刻被吸引住类。那是一台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相比几乎什么事都不能做。但是它却改变我的一生。30年前我和朋友保罗艾伦创办微软的时候，我们预见到一个 “每个办公桌和每个家庭都会有一台电脑”的时代。在那个计算机像冰箱一样大的时代，这听起来也许太乐观了一点。但是我们相信个人计算机会改变世界。而它们真的做到了。30年后的今天，计算机仍然会激发我的热情，好像我又回到了七年级的年代。我认为计算机是能满足我们的好奇心，激发我们创造精神的最神奇的工具，它能帮助我们解决最聪明的人都不能独自解决的问题。计算机改变了我们的学习方式，为世界各地的孩子们提供了一个学习各种知识的窗口。它帮助我们就我们所关心的事情建立一个交流的场所，并且与那些我们认为对我们有重要意义的人密切相处，不管他们身在何处。和我的朋友沃伦巴菲特一样，我每天都在做着自己喜欢做的事，对此我感到非常幸运。他说这就像是 “跳着踢踏舞工作”。我在微软的工作一直非常具有挑战性，而当我们向人们展示我们的新成果( 比如计算机能识别手写体或语言，或者能储存一生的珍贵照片) 人们说没想到你们能用个人计算机做出这样的成就时，那感觉的确像是“跳着踢踏舞工作”。除了我们能用计算机做的所有神奇的事情，还有很多其他方式发挥我们的创造力和智慧，从而使世界更加美好。这个世界上还有很多的人基本需求都得不到满足。例如，每年都有成千上万的人死于疾病，而这些疾病在发达国家是能轻而易举得到控制或治疗的。我认为拥有财富的同时我有责任回报世界。所以，我和妻子梅林达承诺推进健康与教育事业，以帮助尽可能多的人。作为一位父亲，我相信一个非洲儿童的夭折和其他地方孩子的夭折一样令人心酸和悲痛。而要改善这些孩子们的命运，其实不难。如今，我仍然是一个乐观主义者，我仍然相信即使是世界上最棘手的问题，也一样能得到改善的确，世界每天都在进步。我们看到治疗致命疾病的新药物和新诊断工具出现，看到人们更多关注发展中国家的健康问题。医疗、教育和科技发展的美好前景使我激动万分。我坚信，以我们与生俱来的发明精神、创造力和乐于解决棘手问题的精神动力，我们一定能在这些领域做出惊人的成绩。我希望我能亲眼见到这些成绩。第十二篇Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean QuakeScientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean1 is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria2 in AD3 365.Using radiocarbon dating techniques, simulations and computer models, the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible fault. We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake, said Ms Beth Shaw, an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge, who led the study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to determine the future possibility of similar large shocks.Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region, Ms. Shaw said. The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete4 last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300, which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years, she added in a telephone interview.Ms. Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion, she said. Their computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would produce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa, the southern coast of Greece5 and Sicily6 all the way up the Adriati7 to Dubrovnik8. This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta9, likely killing tens of thousands of people, she said.词汇：fault n. 断层 interval n. 间隔tsunami n. 海啸 magnitude n. 等级radiocarbon n. 放射性碳 destruction n. 破坏，毁灭simulation n. 模拟 unleash v. 放出，释放注释: 1. the eastern Mediterranean: 地中海东部2. Alexandria: 阿里山大埃及北部港市3. AD: 公元后(AD是拉丁文Anno Domini首字母的所写)4. Crete: 希腊克里特岛5. Greece: 希腊6. Sicily: 意大利西西里岛7. Adriati: 亚得利亚海8. Dubrovnik: 杜布罗夫尼克克罗地亚港市9. Nile Delta: 尼鲁河三角洲埃及练习:1. The fault, which was overlooked before, has been closely studied by scientists.A Right. B Wrong C Not mentioned2. It is fun to identify the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned3. Radiocarbon dating techniques can be used to identify the age of the earth.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned4. Scientists predict that the next powerful earthquake in the eastern Mediterranean may take place some time before 2100.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned5. Ms. Shaw has her colleagues help her in the study of earthquake prediction.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned6, Ms. Shaw measured the movement of either side of the fault to identify the magnitude of the earthquake taking place in AD 365.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned7. The earthquake prediction devices developed by Ms. Shaw are being widely used in the world.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned答案与题解： 1.A文章的主题是，以往科学家忽视了地中海断层的存在。现在地震学家对地中海断层进行研究，并认定断层的运动造成公元365年的地震和海啸，以及推算出地震和海啸发生的周期。所以，本句表达的意思是对的。2.B文章第三段说到，“认定断层造成了公元365年的地震和海啸，这一认定对该地区的几千万人来说是重要的”。把这项研究说成是有趣的与原文“重要”的意思有很大的不同，所以是错误的。3.C 全文没有一处提到radiocarbon dating techniques可用来确定地球的年龄。4.A Shaw女士和她的研究组认定，地中海东部的断层的移动每800年左右会引发一次超强地震和海啸。前两次发生的时间分别是365年和l300年左右。根据这一推断，在未来l00年中，会发生一次超强地震和海啸。第三段对此有说明。5.A 这句表达的意思与原文相符。原句见第四段第一句：“Ms.Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to gauge how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion”。6.B Shaw女士和她的研究组测量过the motion of either side of the fault，但目的不是为了identify the magnitude of the earthquake taking place in AD 365，而是为了find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion。7.C 纵观全文，文章中没有一句提到Shaw女士发明过地震预测装置，更没有谈及这种装置在全世界得到广泛应用这一点。译文：科学家研究预测地中海地区大地震公元365年，东部地中海地区发生特大地震和海啸，摧毁了亚历山大市，科学家们已经找到了证据证明：那里存在的一直被人忽视的断层，每隔 800年就有可能就引发一次强地震和海啸。通过运用放射性碳素技术和计算机仿真模型，研究者们重建了古代那场灾难，以便证实是断层引发了地震。“我们认为每 800年就会出现一次这种类型的地震。”负责此项研究的剑桥大学地震学家贝丝肖恩女士说道。科学家们研究以往的地震，为的是确定未来出现同种大地震的可能性。肖恩女士说：对于地中海地区上千万的居民来说，确定是断层引发了公元 365年地震和海啸非常重要。她在一次电话访问中进而补充说：克里特岛西南海岸附近的断层最后一次引发足以引起海啸的大地震是在公元 1300年左右，这就意味着下一次强地震将在未来的 100年中出现。肖恩女士说，她和她的同事测量了断层两侧的震动强度，并确定大规模地震多久发生一次才会引起这样的震动强度，从而推算出地震产生的大致间隔时间。根据其计算机仿真模型显示，如果断层产生 8级的震动，那么它引发的海啸就会淹没亚历山大市和北非的沿海地区、希腊和西西里岛的南部海岸、以及从要费里亚海到杜布罗夫尼克的广大地区。这个近似于公元 365年摧毁大部分希腊地区的地震，当时地震引发的海啸吞噬了亚历山大市和尼罗河三角洲，造成工上千万人死亡。第十三篇The Northern LightsThe Sun is stormy and has its own kind of weather. It is so hot and active that even the Suns gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check1! Energy flows away from the Sun toward the Earth in a stream of electrified particles that move at speeds around a million miles per hour2. These particles are called plasma, and the stream of plasma3 coming from the Sun is called the solar wind. The more active the Sun, the stronger the solar wind.The solar wind constantly streams toward the Earth, but dont worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet. The same magnetic field that makes your compass point north also steers the particles from the Sun to the north and south poles. The charged particles become trapped in magnetic belts around the Earth. When a large blast of solar wind crashes into the Earths magnetic field, the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect. 4The breaking and reconnecting of the magnetic field lines can cause atomic particles called electrons trapped in the belts to fall into the Earths atmosphere at the poles. As the electrons fall to the Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the atmosphere, creating flashes of light in the sky. Each atmospheric gas glows a different color. Oxygen and nitrogen glows red and green and nitrogen glows violet-purple. As these various colors glow and dance in the night sky, they create the Northern Lights and the Southern Lights.Watching auroras is fun and exciting, but normally you can only see them in places far north like Alaska and Canada. The movement of the aurora across the sky is usually slow enough to easily follow with your eyes but they can also pulsate, flicker, or even move like waves. During solar maximum, 5 auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico! 6Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground, but the lowest aurora is still about 100 kilometers above the ground, a distance much higher than clouds are formed or airplanes can fly. Atypical aurora band can be thousands of kilometers long, a few hundred kilometers high, but only a few hundred meters thick.We hope you are able to travel to far-north places like the Arctic Circle and see the Northern Lights at least once during your lifetime, We know you will never forget it!词汇：electrify 使带电 steer 驾驶；导向，引向collide 碰撞 aurora 极光flicker 闪烁 plasma 等离子体electron 电子 molecule 分子pulsate 跳动 Arctic 北极的注释： 1The suns gravity cannot hold its atmosphere in check：太阳的引力无法控制它自己的大气层。hold . in check是“控制，支配”，例如：He wants to hold the company in check through the managers secretary.他想通过经理的秘书控制公司。2move at speeds around a million miles per hour：以约100万英里的时速运动。around = about。3the stream of plasma：等离子流4. the magnetic field first gets squeezed and then the magnetic field lines break and reconnect：首先，磁场受到挤压，接着磁场磁力线断开又闭合。5During solar maximum：在太阳风暴达到最高峰的期间6auroras are seen as far south as Florida, even Mexico!位于极南面的佛罗里达州，乃至于墨西哥都能看到极光。far south意为“极南面”。练习：1The Suns gravity is too weak to keep its plasma from flowing to the Earth.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned2The Earth is quite safe with a magnetic field surrounding it to protect it from the attack by the solar wind.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned3Some scientists are worrying about the possible disappearance of the Earths protective magnetic field in the future.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned4The auroras are formed when the electrons falling into the Earths atmosphere at the poles and colliding with gas molecules in the atmosphere.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned5You cannot see the Northern Lights unless you are in Alaska or Canada.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned6Tens of thousands of tourists take special trips to Norway and Sweden every year to watch the Northern Lights.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned7An aurora is generally close to the ground and is very long and thick.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned答案与题解： 1B题句意思是：太阳的重力太弱，等离子逃离太阳，流向地球。这一说法与短文第一段第一、二句表达的内容不符。句子表达的重点不是太阳的重力太弱，而是太阳太热，其活动又太剧烈，造成等离子逃离太阳，流向地球。所以，答案是选项B。2A题句说地球相当安全，因为有磁场在高空包围着地球，将太阳风挡在地球大气层外面。题句表达的意思与短文第二段第一句传递的信息相符。虽然短文中没有用safe这个词，但是“dont worry because a protective magnetic field surrounds our planet”包含了safe这层意思，所以选项A是答案。3C题句说，有些科学家担心包围地球起防护作用的磁场有一天会消失。短文中找不到这一信息，所以答案是C。4A短文第二、三段解释极光的成因。当强大的太阳风侵入地球磁场，磁场的磁力线会断开和闭合，等离子流的电子进入大气层，流向极地上空，与大气层的气体分子发生碰撞，发出极光。题句表达的意思与短文介绍的极光成因相符，所以答案是A。5B题句的说法明显与短文第三段的叙述不符。第四段介绍说，当太阳风暴达到最高峰期间，明亮的北极光甚至在位于极南面的佛罗里达州乃至墨西哥都能看到。所以答案是B。6C题句说，每年有几万游客专程前往挪威和瑞典观看北极光。短文中找不到这一内容，所以答案是C。7B题句说极光通常很接近地面，又长又厚。这一说法有两点与短文第五段的介绍不符。第一点，极光不是接近地面，而是“似乎很接近地面（Auroras often seem to be very close to the ground）”，事实上，最靠近地面的极光离地面也有100公里。第二点，极光不厚，“only a few hundred meters thick”。所以答案是B。译文：北极光太阳是狂暴的，有它自己独特的气候。太阳太热，其活动又太剧烈，以至于无法控制它自己的大气层。热量以电粒子流的形式逃离太阳，流向地球，时速高达100万英里。这些粒子叫等离子体，来自太阳的等离子流叫太阳风。太阳活动越剧烈，太阳风越强烈。太阳风不断地流向地球。但是 不必担心，因为有一个保护性的磁场包围着我们的地球。使指南针指向北方的相同的磁场也把来自太阳的粒子导向地球的南北两极。这些受控的粒子被吸附在地球周围的磁场。当强大的太阳风侵入地球磁场时，首先磁场受到挤压，接着磁场磁力线断开又闭合。磁场磁力线的断开和闭合产生叫作电子的原子粒子，被截留在磁场，落入地球两极的大气层。等离子流的电子进入地球，与大气层的气体分子发生碰撞，在天空中产生光芒。每一种大气层的气体产生不同颜色的光。氧和氮发红绿光，氮气发蓝紫光。当这些不同的颜色在夜空中闪烁跳跃时，就 形成了北极光和南极光。观赏极光是很有趣也很令人振奋的。然而通常只有在遥远的北方，像阿拉斯加州和加拿大等地方才能看到。横过天空的极光移动速度通常很慢，有肉眼就能很轻易地观测到。而它们还能跳动、闪烁甚至像波一样流动。在太阳风暴达到最高峰的期间，明亮的北极光甚至在位于靠近南方的福罗里达州乃至墨西哥都能看到。极光似乎很接近地面，但是最靠近地面的极光离地面也有100公里，比云层都高，飞机也无法到达。一条典型的极光带有数千公里长，几百公里高，但是只有几百米厚。希望你在有生之年至少去遥远的北方地区如北极圈旅游一次，观赏到北极光。这些经历将使你终生难忘。第十四篇Stage FrightFall down as you come onstage. Thats an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic,2 Mr. Feltsman said, “ All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?”Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, blank mind.3Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out,4 to mental discipline, such as visualizing