高中英语必修一module.doc

Module 1 My First Day at Senior High1、new words academic adj. 学术的province n.省enthusiastic adj.热心的amazing adj.令人吃惊的；令人惊讶的information n.信息website n.网站；网址brilliant adj.（口语）极好的comprehension n.理解；领悟instruction n.(常作复数)指示；说明method n.方法bored adj.厌倦的；厌烦的embarrassed adj.尴尬的；难看的；困窘的attitude n.态度behavior n.行为；举动previous adj.以前的；从前的description n.记述；描述amazed adj.令人吃惊的；令人惊讶的embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的；令人难堪的technology n.技术impress vt.使印象深刻correction n.改正；纠正encouragement n.鼓励；激励enjoyment n.享受；乐趣fluency n.流利；流畅misunderstanding n.误解disappointed adj.失望的disappointing adj.令人失望的system n.制度；体系；系统teenager n.少年disappear vi.消失move vi.搬家assistant n.助手；助理cover vt.包含diploma n.文凭；毕业证书2、grammar一般现在时与现在进行时(1)一般现在时表示目前（包括现在）一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。Mary usually goes to work on foot.（经常发生的动作）We have a daughter.（表存在的状态）(2)现在进行时表示目前（包括现在）一个时间点或一个时间段内正在发生或进行的动作，但不表示状态。He is writing an essay.（目前正在进行的动作）(1)一般现在时可以表示现状、性质或状态。当谓语动词是表示状态、情感、感觉的动词时，常用一般现在时，一般不用现在进行时。Everything goes well, but there are some problems.一切进展顺利，但也有一些问题。(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理时，用一般现在时。若用现在进行时，其意义会发生变化。Water boils at 100，水在100时沸腾。The water is boiling.水开了。(3)有些动词，如go，come，leave，start，begin，arrive等，其一般现在时和现在进行时可以表示计划好或安排好的将来动作，但有一些区别：一般现在时只表示按照时间表已经计划或安排好的动作，不说明是否很快发生，而用现在进行时则可表示即将发生的动作，且有感情色彩（说话者期待着事情的发生）。 The next train leaves at 10 in the morning. 下一趟火车上午10点开走。（指安排好的时间） The next train is leaving at 10 in the morning. 下一趟火车上午10点即将开走。（即将离开）(4)在由when, before, after, until, the moment, once, as soon as，if, unless等引导的时间和条件状语从句里，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If you come here，do let me know. 如果你来这儿，一定告诉我。 Before you leave the room, close all the windows.(5)现在进行时和always，instantly，continuously，constantly等频度副词连用时，往往不强调动作正在进行，而用来表示赞扬、责怪、厌恶等感情色彩。Tom is always leaving his things about汤姆总是乱丢东西。（表示责怪）练习：1）My parents_ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. Alive Blived C. were living D. will live2）According to the literary review, Shakespeare _his characters live through their language in his plays.（2009福建） A. will make Bhad made Cwas making D. makes3)-Have you got any job offers? -No，I (2009辽宁) A. waited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting4) As you can see, the number of cars on our roads_ rising these days. A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping5) -Whats the general attitude to smoking in public places? -People _less tolerate of smoking these days. A. becomes B. have become C. became D. are becoming2.以-ed-ing结尾的形容词(1)分词式形容词是指在某些及物动词后面加-ed或-ing而构成的形容词，这些形容词已失去了动词的性质，多可被 very或too修饰。(2)分词式形容词可在句中作表语、定语、状语和补足语。现在分词式形容词表示主语或所修饰名词本身所具有的特征，意为“令人的”；过去分词式形容词表示主语或所修饰的名词对外界事物的感受，意为“感到的”。 Tom is interested in the book.汤姆对这本书很感兴趣。 The book is interesting.这本书很有趣。interest 使感兴趣 interested感兴趣的 interesting令人感兴趣的类似用法的动词 amaze，bore，embarrass，disappoint，excite ，please，satisfy，frighten，surprise 注意：有些名词如look，appearance，tears，expression等虽表示“物”，但表达的是人的感受，要用-ed形容词修饰。excited tears激动的泪水，puzzled look迷惑的表情。练习:1) Every evening after dinner, if not _from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.Abeing tired Btiring Ctired Dto be tired2) A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left_.A. unsatisfiedB. unsatisfyingC. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied3、textMy First Day at Senior HighMy Name is Li Kang. I live in Shijiazhuang, a city not far from Beijing. It is the capital city of Hebei Province. Today is my first day at Senior High school and Im writing down my thoughts about it.My new school is very good and I can see why. The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing. Every room has a computer with a special screen, almost as big as a cinema screen. The teachers write on the computer, and their words appear on the screen behind them. The screens also show photographs, text and information from websites. Theyre brilliant! The English class is really interesting. The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms Shen. Were using a new textbook and Ms Shens method of teaching is nothing like that of the teachers at my Junior High school. She thinks that reading comprehension is important, but we speak a lot in class, too. And we have fun. I dont think I will be bored in Ms Shens class! Today we introduced ourselves to each other. We did this in groups. Some students were embarrassed at first but everyone was very friendly and it was really nice. Ms Shen gave us instructions and then we worked by ourselves. Ms Shen wants to help us improve our spelling and handwriting. We do this in a fun way, with spelling games and other activities. I like her attitude very much, and the behaviour of the other students shows that they like her, too. There are sixty-five students in my class-more than my previous class in Junior High. Forty-nine of them are girls. In other words, there are three times as many girls as boys. They say that girls are usually more hard-working than boys, but in this class, everyone is hard-working. For our homework tonight, we have to write a description of the street where we live. Im looking forward to doing it! 解析：1. far fromfar from (being)远非；一点儿也不；离远；和不同He was very far from rich他一点儿也不富有。What he said was far from the truth他所说的与事实大相径庭。far from (being) 后常接形容词、名词或动名词。far from perfect不完美 far away远的，在远处练习The art show was being a failure; it was a great success. A. far from Balong with C. next to D. regardless of2. enthusiasticenthusiasm n.规，狂热，热心enthusiastic adj. enthusiast n热衷者，狂热者热心的，热情洋溢的 enthusiastically adv.热烈地be enthusiastic about sth热心于某事feel enthusiastic about sth.对某事热心He became enthusiastic about hip hop.他热衷于说唱音乐。I responded very enthusiastically.我十分热烈地加以响应。练习He is about soccer; that is, he is a soccer enthusiast.A. enthusiastic B. enthusiasmC. enthusiastically D. enthusiast3. “令人吃惊的”amazingThe teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing.老师们很热情、友好，而且教室很棒。(l)John has made an amazing achievement in medicine.(2)Our holiday was amazingly cheap.(3)Her eyes were wide with amazement.(4)I was amazed at the beauty of the people.(5)It amazed them to learn that things were so expensive.(1)adj令人吃惊的 (2)adv.令人吃惊地 (3)由于惊愕 (4)adj.吃惊的，惊讶的(5)vt.使人吃惊(1)amazing adj.“令人吃惊的”，修饰事物： amazed adj.“吃惊的”，修饰人或具有人物感受的名词。(2)be amazed at/by/that-对大为惊奇 I was amazed that he didnt pass the exam 他考试不及格，对此我很吃惊(3)in amazement惊愕地 He looked at me in amazement练习1. He stood up in_.2. He is an _man and always does things_.3. I saw her _ look.4. 辨析：method, means, way与 mannermethod 方法 指做事的具体步骤、程序，着重指系统的、科学的方法。 搭配介词ofmeans 手段，工具（单复数形式相同） 尤指为达到某一目的可采用的方法。 搭配介词by way 方法，方法 多指思想、行为、办事的方式方法 搭配介词in /of manner 方法，方法 规范独特的方式。表方式方法时，可数。表态度举止时用单数。表礼貌礼仪时用复数形式。 搭配介词inHis method of teaching is unique. 他的教学方法独特。By no means do we give up我们绝不放弃。She speaks to people in a friendly way她友好地与人交谈。Its bad manners to stare at people.瞪着别人看是不礼貌的。5“一点儿也不像”的nothing likenothing like 一点儿也不像，完全不，什么也不如，His drawing style is nothing like his teacher.他的绘画风格一点儿也不像他的老师。Shes nothing like her elder brother. Hes dark and shes fair.她一点儿都不像她哥哥。她哥哥皮肤黑，她皮肤白。something like与anything like(1) something like大约，有点儿像（用于肯定句）It tastes something like melon.这吃起来有点儿像甜瓜。(2) anything like大约，有点儿像（用于否定句或疑问句）Is this box anything like what you need?这就是你需要的盒子吗？ 练习There is _a hot bath when you are tired.A. nothing like B. something like C. nothing of D. nothing for6“替代”-that, one与it单词用法指代种类复数形式例句That 代替不可数名词或可数名词类指，特指thoseThe weather in Nanjing is better than that in Shengyang in summer.one代替单数可数名词替代上文提到的事物类指，泛指onesThe coat is larger than the red one you showed me just now.it可数、不可数均可，也可指婴儿或不知性别的人特指they-Who is knocking at the door?-Its me练习:(1) One of the most important questions they had to consider was _ of public health. A. what B. this C. that D. which(2) Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _ of their parents （2009江苏）Athose Bone Cboth Dthat(3) I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy_.(2009四川)A. one B. it C. this D. that(4)The CDs are on sale! Buy one and you get _ completely free（2009全国）A. other B. others C. one D. ones7. 否定转移I dont think.(1)在“I/We think/suppose/believe/imagine/expect等+that从句”结构中，后接否定内容的宾语从句时，宾语从句中的否定结构常常转移到主句的谓语动词中来，称为否定转移，译成汉语时，仍将宾语从句译成否定意义(2)使用否定转移句型时主语必须是第一人称主句谓语动词通常是以上词，否则一般不用否定转移。(3)当主语是第一人称，陈述句部分是以上词，并跟宾语从句的这种句型变成反意疑问句，疑问部分空与钛宅中的主语和谓语相对应。I dont think he can swim.我认为他不会游泳。We dont suppose he will come.我们认为他不会来了。We dont believe he can succeed, can he? 我们认为他不会成功，不是吗？歌诀记忆否定转移“五”动词：我认为( think)猜想(suppose)与想象(imagine)都不可相信( believe)，我期待(expect)你的回答。练习I dont think you will come back on time, _ ? A. do I B. dont I C. will you D. wont you8. embarrassedembarrass vt.使为难，感到难堪embarrassed adj.尴尬的，为难的embarrassing adj.令人为难的embarrassingly adv.令人尴尬地embarrassment n困窘，局促不安be embarrassed about 对感到尴尬 to do sth对做某事感到尴尬It embarrasses me even to think about it.我甚至连想到这件事都感到不好意思。I felt embarrassed about it.我对此事感到不安。This put him in an embarrassing position.这把他置于了一种难堪的境地。His cheeks were hot with embarrassment. 他窘得两颊发热。embarrassed 用来修饰人或人所具有的特征，意为“感到尴尬的”。embarrassing用来修饰事物，意为“令人尴尬的”。练习He was _ at the _ question put forward by the little boy.Aembarrassed ; embarrassed B. embarrassing ; embarrassedCembarrassed ; embarrassing D. embarrassing ; embarrassing9）“态度”attitudeattitude C看法；态度；姿势an attitude to/towards sth. /sb.对某事某人的态度看法have a good/bad/positive/negative attitude to sb. /sth.对某人某物持好的坏的肯定的否定的态度What is your attitude to it?你对这件事的态度是什么？She shows a very positive attitude towards her work.她对她的工作抱有一种非常积极的态度。attitude与mannerattitude 表示对某事一时的看法或态度。 He took a friendly attitude to us他对我们的态度很友好。manner 指成为一个人的习惯、特征的态度或举止。 I dont like to make friends with him，because he has a very rude manner. 练习1) Despite such a big difference in _ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special.A. point B. idea C. attitude D. sight2) Whats your attitude _this question?A. in B. to C. of D. at10. 换句话说in other wordsin other words换句话说，也就是说I shouldnt quarrel with her. In other words, Im wrong.我不应该同她吵架，换句话说，我错了。They asked him to leave-in other words, he was fired.他们请他走人，也就是说，他被解雇了。由word构成的其他短语：in a/one word 一句话；简言之have a word with sb.与某人说句话have words with sb与某人争吵keep/break ones word守信失信练习I got a D in English. _,I didnt pass the exam. A. Keep my word B. In other words C. Have a word D. In a word11. 倍数表达12. look forward to+ doinglook forward to“期待着，盼望”(to是介词)，其后接动名词、名词或代词。Im looking forward to it我盼望着这件事。I look forward to seeing you in New York.我期待在纽约见到你。“to”为介词的常用短语：stick to坚持lead to导致，通向 pay a visit to参观refer to提及，参考 pay attention to注意 get down to.着手开始做 turn to转向，求助于 devote.to.把献身于练习：(l)Shes having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesnt know whom to_ （重庆高考）A. turn to Blook for C. deal with D. talk about(2)We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only_ violence.（浙江高考）A. runs into B. comes from C. leads to D. begins with练习1) The day we were looking forward _ at last.A. to arrive B. to arriving C. to arrived D. to arrives2) Im looking forward to _a chance for me to go abroad.A. there be B. there being C. there was D. there to be其它：1. impressimpress sb. as.给某人留下作为的印象impress sth. on/upon sb使某人铭记某物impress sb. (with sth)给予某人（某方面的）深刻印象impress sthinon sth.在某物上盖印某物make an impression on sb给某人留下印象练习1) What _me most was her beautiful voice. A. hit B. impressed C. is struck D. strike2) I like the _she made on me. A. impression B. introduction C. instruction D. construction2.mindWould you mind (ones) doing sth.？常用于交际用语中，委婉地提出请求，可作出如下回答：介意(l) Im sorry, but.(2) Youd better not.不介意(l) No, not at all.(2) Certainly not. .(3) Of course not.“你介意吗？”还可用以下两个句型表达：(l)Would you mind if sb. did sth.?(2)Do you mind if sb. do(es) sth.?答语同：Would you mind (ones) doing sth.？-Would you mind my closing the window? =Would you mind if I closed the window? =Do you mind if I close the window?-Of course not. 练习：1） - Do you mind my opening the window? Its a bit hot here.-_，as a matter of fact. (2009-全国)A. Go ahead B. Yes, my pleasureCYesI do DCome on2）-Would you mind my coming over and having a look at your new garden? My little son is curious about those roses you grow. -_ . Youre welcome. A. Yes, I do B. Never mind C. Yes, please D. Not at all3） -Do you mind my smoking here? -_. A. No, thanks B. No. Good idea C. Yes, please D. Yes. Better not3. so表示“也是”，用倒装(1)“So+助动词情态动词系动词十主语”表示“某人（物）也”，用在肯定句后。 Mary likes dancing; so does her younger sister. 玛丽喜欢跳舞，她的妹妹也是。！(2)“Neither/Nor+助动词情态动词系动词十主语”表示“某人（物）也不”，用在否定句后。 I dont like running; neithernor does Lily. (1)当前面的句中既有肯定部分又有否定部分，或句子有两个或两个以上的谓语动词，不易确定助动词时，可用“It is the same with sb. /sth.”或“So it is with sb./sth.”表示“某人物也是如此”。Li Lei likes playing basketball, but he doesnt like playing volleyball. So its with Jim.(2)“So+主语十助动词情态动词系动词”指对前句中对方所表述的事实予以赞同或证实。 -Ann is very beautiful.安很漂亮。 -So she is确实如此。练习1. Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and_. (辽宁高考）A.I was neither B. neither was I C.I was either D. either was I2. Mary never does any reading in the evening, and_.A. so does John B. John does too C. John doesnt too D. nor does John3. -Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. -_.A. So she had and so I had B. So had she and so had IC. So she did and so did I D. So did she and so I did4.cover1) cover vt.覆盖 She covered her face with her hands.2) cover sth. with sth. 用某物盖另一物 The land is covered with snow.3) cover vt. 占地 Our school covers as much as 2 acres.4) cover vt. 走过（一段距离） Today I covered twenty miles a day.5) cover vt. 报道 The editor asked me to go and cover the accident.6) cover n. 封面 On the front cover is a picture of a woman.cover 与interview 做采访讲时区别cover 宾语是事件 interview 对象是人练习1）-Do you have enough to _all your daily expense?-Oh, yes, enough and to spare.A cover B spend C fill D offer2）_with a table-cloth, the table looks very nice. A. Covering B. Covered C. Having covered D. Having been covered3）_ the event, journalists from all over the world came here hurriedly. A. So as to cover B. Covered C. To cover D. Covering5.divide1) 分开，隔开 The train divides at New York.2）divide sth into.把某物分成. The English teacher divided the class into small groups.3）divide sth between /among sb 在某人之间分配某物 We divided the work between us.4) divide sth between A and B 分配时间，分派 He divides his energies between politics and businessdivide与separatedivide 侧重指把整体分成若干部分，破坏了事物的完整,常与into连用。separate 侧重指把原来连在一起或靠近的人或物分开，没有破坏事物的完整性，常和from连用。练习Youd better _the good apples _ the bad ones. A. separate; into B. divide; into C. separate; from D. divide; from 6）join, join in, attend与 take part injoin 加入（团体、党派、组织、人群等）成为其中一员。My elder brother joined the army in 1990join in 加入到某人中，和某人一起做 My classmates join me in sending you our best wishes.attend 参加会议、聚会、演讲等I dont like attending meetings.我不喜欢参加会议。take part in 参加活动、比赛、游戏等。 How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games? 4、exercise填空选择1. _ it is to have a cold