被动语态知识点及练习题.doc

及思教育学科资料 咨询热线动语态复习“三步曲”被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者。在历年的中考题中,都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目。因此,有必要对被动语态进行系统复习。第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构被动语态由助动词+及物动词的过去分词构成。不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下:1.一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+done(指及物动词的过去分词,下同)如:English is used all over the world.2.一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+done如: The picture was painted two years ago.3.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+done如: The flowers are being watered by them now. 4.现在完成时的被动语态:have(has)+been+done如:The room has been cleaned.5.一般将来时的被动语态:will/be going to+be+done如:The work will be finished tomorrow.6.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done如:Your homework must be handed in today.7.过去进行时的被动语态：was / were +being+done其它几种特殊句型：It is said that . It is well known that . It is reported that.have sth done 第二曲:掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步:1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; 2)主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式; 3)主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可以省略。请看示范:主动语态:My brother repaired that bike yesterday. 主语 谓语动词宾语其余部分被动语态:That bike was repaired (by my brother) yesterday. 主语 谓语动词 by+宾语其余部分对于主动语态变为被动语态方法的考查,主要在句型转换题目中出现。只要能够按照上面介绍的方法去做,一般是能够做对的。第三曲:注意主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型1.含有短语动词的被动语态一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。另外,许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,后面也可加宾语。在变被动语态时,注意不可丢掉后面的介词或副词,常见的这类短语动词有:take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up等。如:The old people should be taken good care of.2.含有双宾语的动词的被动语态含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另一个宾语仍保留在原处。一种情况是把间接宾语(指人)变为主语,直接宾语(指物)不变。另一种情况是把直接宾语(指物)变为主语,间接宾语(指人)不变,这时,间接宾语前通常加介词to,有时加for。如:My father gave me a new book on my birthday.I was given a new book (by my father) on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)A new book was given to me (by my father) on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)3.带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态带有复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。同时,如果宾语补足语是省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to,这类动词有make, let, see, hear, watch等。如:We find English very useful. English is found very useful. 宾语宾补I often hear him sing in his room. He is often heard to sing in his room. 宾语 宾补4.有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义,这类动词有: wash, sell, smell, taste, sound, feel等。如:The books sell well. The food tastes good.以上四种情况在中考题目中经常出现,同学们在碰到类似题目时,应首先分析属于哪种情况,然后再根据掌握的知识来做题。5.关于“get+过去分词”在英语口语中，有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。如：I got dressed as quickly as l could.我尽快穿上衣服。I wasnt surprised she get elected after all the efforts she made.她尽了一切力量之后，当选了，这不使我感到奇怪。We got delayed because of the holiday traffic.因为节日交通阻塞，所以我们被耽误了。I tried to find my way roundLondonwithout a map and got lost.我试图不带地图在伦敦寻路，结果迷路了。类似搭配有：getarrested,getcaught,getconfused,getdelayed,getdivorced,getdressed,getdrowned,getdrunk,getelected,getengaged,gethit,getkilled,getlost,getmarried,getstuck等。四特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。1).give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。give sb sth sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb .2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。buy sb sth sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sbHe gave me a bookI _ _ a book by him.A book _ _ _ me by him .My mother made me a cake .I _ _ a cake by my motherA cake _ _ _ me by my mother .2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watchmake sb do sth -sb + be +made +to do sthThe boss made the workers work all dayThe workers _ _ _ work all day by the boss.3. see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。I heard Tom singing just now Tom _ _ _ by me just now .4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。We should take care of the old . The old should _ _ _ _ .五注意事项：1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last （持续）,have ,own .belong to ,suitfine ,cost，suffer，hold（容纳），fit2.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳)3.系动词是没有被动语态：Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste .The dish tastes good .4.有些及物动词做不及物动词用，特别是后面加副词well，easily等等，主动语态含有被动含义有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well，wear，wash，cook，open，close，lock，read，recordThis kind of skirt sells well.5.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done .类似词有require，deserve，bearAll the computers need repairing .=All the computers need _ _ _ .6.在tooto及enough to 结构中有时表示被动意义。The problem is too difficult to solve.被动语态专项练习一、选择题（215=30分）( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build( )2. An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives( )6.How many trees _ this year?A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted()7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year.A. did; use B. was; used C. is; usedD. are; used( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world.A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known()10.Who _ this book _?A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to usC. is told us D. told us()12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair.A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put( )14.Older people _ well.A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after( )15.Our teacher _ carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（120=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.Its said(据说) that the long bridge_（build）in two months2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？4.The lost boy_（not find）so far5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.7. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital.8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.9. What _ knives _ (make) of ?They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood.10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library?11. The room _ (clean) by me every day.12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime.13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already.14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well.15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city?16. The food _ (smell) delicious.17. Look! Someone _(dance).一、选择题（215=30分）1. B2. D3.A 4. C5. 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10. B11.B 12.D 13.B 14. B15.A二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（120=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.will be built 2. is being discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasnt been found 5. were cut 6.are told 7. must be sent 8. are sold9.are made , are made 10. be taken11.is cleaned 12. be seen13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells 17 is dancing三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。（130=30分）1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）_ people _ tea in South China？2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year（同义句转换）A birthday present _by my parents every year3.The work is going to be finishedin two days.(对划线提问)How_ the work going to be finished ?4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)An English song _ _ _ by the children.5. You neednt do it now. (改为被动语态)It _ _ _ by you now.6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)Metal _ _ _making machines.7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)I _ _ that for him.8.They are watching the football match.The football match _by them.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)_ a bridge _ here by them a year ago?10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)The light green dresses _ _ _ out.11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)The game _ “Lianliankan” by us.四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。(110=10分)The new bike _ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week_ your mobile phone _（是国产的吗）？The whole mountain is _ (覆盖) the snow.五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。（10分）I have a lot of homework to be done tonight_Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？_Lei Fengs name remembered by a