文言--作文讲义

选择高联 选择成功 编讲 文言2016考研冲刺写作讲义编 讲 文言第一部分 考研(英语一二)大纲对写作的要求的分析The analysis of outline requirement for writing一 考察目标考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函，备忘录报告等，以及一般描述性，叙述性，说明性或者议论性的文章。写作时考生应该能。1 做到语法，拼写，标点正确，用词恰当2 遵循文章的特定文体格式3 合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一，连贯4 根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域二 考查形式和内容第三部分写作该部分由A,B两节组成，主要考察考生的书面表达能力，共30分A节：考生根据所给情景写出约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函，备忘录，报告等考生在答题卡2上作答。共10分B节：考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200（英语一）（英语二要求150词）词的短文（标点符号不计算在内）。提示信息的形式有主题句，写作提纲，规定情景，图，表等考生在答题卡2上作答。共20分三 评分原则和方法1 一般评分标准适用于A,B两节。但根据两节不同的考察要点，评分会有不同的侧重点。A节10分。A节作文的拼缝重点在于信息点的覆盖，内容的组织，语言的准确性，格式以及语域的恰当。对语法要求和词汇的多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。允许在作文中使用提示语种出现过的个别关键词或者词组，但是使用提示语中出现的句子将会扣分。B节20分。B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性文章的组织连贯性和语法结构和词汇的多样性与语言的准确性。2 评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后按该档次的要求给分，品分人员再档内有1-3分的调节分。3 A节作文的字数要求在100词左右。B节作文的字数要求是160-200词，文章长度不符合要求酌情扣分。4 拼写与标点符号是反映语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，要视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英，美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5 如书写较差，以至影响读者理解，将分数降低一个档次。四 一般评分标准第五档 A节9-10分 B节17-20分很好的完成了试题规定的任务：1 包含所有内容要点2 使用丰富的语法结构和词汇3 语言自然流畅，基本上没有语法错误4 有效的采用了多种衔接手法，文字连贯，层次清晰5格式与语域恰当贴切对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果第四档 A节7-8分 B节13-16分较好的完成了试题规定的任务：1 包含所有内容要点，允许漏掉一，两个次重点2 使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇3 语言基本准确，只有在试图使用较复杂结构或者较高级词汇时才有个别错误4 采用了适当衔接手法，层次基本清晰，组织较严密5格式与语域较为恰当贴切对目标读者产生了预期的效果第三档 A节5-6分 B节9-12分基本的完成了试题规定的任务：1 虽然漏掉一些内容，但是包含了多数内容要点2 所使用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的需求3 存在一些语法及词汇错误，但不影响整体理解4 采用了简单的衔接手法，内容较为连贯，层次较清晰5格式与语域较为基本合理对目标读者基本产生了预期的效果第二档 A节3-4分 B节5-8分未能按照要求完成了试题规定的任务：1 漏掉或未能有效阐述一些内容要点，写了一些无关的内容。2 语法结构简单，词汇项目有限3 存在较多语法结构或者词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。4未采用恰当的衔接手段，内容缺乏连贯性5 格式和语域不当未能清楚的把信息传达给读者第一档 A节1-2分 B节1-4分未完成了试题规定的任务：1 明显漏掉主要内容，且有许多不相关的内容。2 语法项目和词汇的使用单调重复3语言错误多，有碍读者对内容的理解语言运用能力差。4未使用任何的衔接手段，内容不连贯，缺少组织分段5 无格式和语域概念未能把信息传达给读者零分档 所传达的信息或所用语言太少，无法评价，内容与要求无关或者无法辨认总结 ： 大作文考点 1语言考点：语法结构，词汇（多样性 精确性）无语法错误 语域2内容考点：文章一致性 (cet4,6称作切题)连贯性第二部分 考研英语（一）文章结构和连贯性分析（文言大作文模板）The analysis of writing logic for universality, coherence andModel of WenYan一 考研文章的分类写作思路第一类：坏现象批判类2013 年轻迷茫2112 悲观乐观（两种写法）2011 环境保护2009 网络远近 （两种写法）2007 缺乏信心 2006 偶像崇拜2005 养老球赛2003 温室花朵2000 野生动物1999 吸烟死亡1998 如此承诺第二类：好品质褒扬类2008 团队精神2004 持之以恒2001 爱心明灯2012 悲观乐观（两种写法）第三类：好趋势 2010 文化火锅2009 网络远近 （两种写法）预测：全民健身， 绿色出行 ，全民旅游第四类 爱国主义 民族自尊2002 民族文化走向世界神舟九号奥运奖牌第一类：坏现象批判类第一段 描述图片第二段 分析原因第三段 解决措施第二类：好品质褒扬类第一段 描述图片第二段 论证论点第三段 落实自我第三类 好趋势第一段 描述图画第二段 原因描述第三段 我的观点第四类 爱国主义和民族自豪感的题材第一段 描述图画第二段 原因第三段 我的预测和展望并落实自我二 真题写作范例05 养老足球赛(坏现象批判类)This cartoon meeting our eyes is very worrying(disturbing) and thought-provoking, in which a not harmonious scene is depicted vividly (a moment of a drastic and gripping football match). In the drawing , an aged father, miserable and helpless, is sitting at the center of the playground while his four children (as goal keeper) kick him away as a football (who are standing in the four corner of football ground). No one would accept him. In such a simple and subtle way the author of the picture hasmanaged to mirror the social phenomenon universal around us: some junior citizen dont support their parents and even abuse them.(some junior citizens would not deal with their olds well )The implied meaning conveyed in the picture above are so shocking and startling, and thus we have to take it into account seriously. Why, in our modern lives, does such kind of phenomenon happen? there are many reasons accounting for the phenomenon clearly.(following are typical ones).what I want to focus on as the first point is that young people themselves are lack of self-cultivation so that they would not support their parents. In addition, the laws and regulations concerned are still far from perfect yet .The last point worth our attentionis that mass media fails to play a due role of guidance and supervision in this case.Considering all these, some positive and effective steps should be carried out, in as quick a manner as possible, to put an end to the phenomenon radically. On the one hand,the young people should strengthenself-cultivation and understand it it our duty to support parents, meanwhile the authority concerned should enhance legal construction, promulgation and education, to enhance the legal awareness and idea of the public of supporting parents. On the other hand, the mass media must shoulder the responsibility to warn them that supporting parents is their unavoidable legal obligation, and to guide the citizens in more active ways . Only in these ways can trend of this kind be curbed soon; and only in these ways, I am strongly convinced, can our Chinese dreamcome true in the near future.08年团结solidarity (team work)（好品质褒扬类）This cartoon meeting our eyes is quite impressing and enlightening, in which a harmonious(encouraging/inspiring)moment is depicted vividly. In the drawing two young disadvantaged men are helping each other and stepping forward bravely, and their crutches are left behind。In such a simple and subtle way the author of the cartoon has managed to mirror the major principle: solidarity is of utmost importance in our lives.The implied meaning conveyed in the picture above should be taken into account seriously, and it is not difficult to find a typical example to prove this point of view. For example, Liuxiang, a famous athlete allover the world, a idol of our young generation, and a hero of our nation, attributed his success to his quality of team work in a recent interview on cctv-5. And he said it was this kind of quality that helped him out of the shadow of his failure at the 2008 Olympic games (Another case to prove this point of view is Zhanghaidi , the new president of China Disabled Persons Federation. She writes, in his newly published book HOPE, that team spirit is the one of most precious human qualities ). The above examples are but a drop in the sea. Therefore, it can be safely concluded that solidarity plays an innegligible and irreplaceable role in our lives. Put another word, without it, no one can succeed.As young people, weshould model ourselves on Liuxiang and Zhanghaidi in our work and study and put forward this quality.Only in this way can the junior citizens win respect when they grow up; and only in this way can they be the pillar 栋梁之才and mainstay 中流砥柱of our nation in the future.2010年文化火锅（好趋势）趋势预测：网购全民健身Thecartoons meeting into our eyesis quite enlightening and impressing, in which an harmonious scene is conceived ingeniously and depicted vividly.。In such a simple and subtle way the author of the painting does mirror a irreversible and irresistible trend: nowadays more and more cultural factors, from east to west and from ancient to modern times, are melted together.Small wonder. Many reasons can account for it. (There is no reason to make a fuss about the phenomenon and many accounting for it. following are typical ones.)What I want to focus as the first point is that as the society progresses, there are increasing requirements for material and cultural life in our country, especially the needs for a diversity of culture phenomenon. In addition, citizens, nowadays are not conservative any longer, and some new viewpoints are more and more acceptable and popular, and-the west culture is the most obvious example. The last point we can never neglect is thatthis trend symbolized by the cartoon adds some new pleasure and fun into our life and makes our lives more convenient. In one words, it is changing the way of our lives.It is quite clear that thecombination of international culture has been an fashion popular in our lives. And I am strongly convinced that more and more people will participate in this activity, and in return, it will be bound to make our lives beautiful color increasingly.2002 culture national and international（民族自豪爱国主义）Thecartoons meeting into our eyesis quite enlightening and impressing, in which an harmonious scene is conceived ingeniously and depicted vividly.。In such a simple and subtle way the author of the painting does mirror a prosperous times: nowadays our traditional culture has been increasingly influential all over the world./The science and technology in China has developed unprecedentedly with the reform and open up. /The cause of competitive sports in China has developed unprecedentedly with the reform and openness.it is worthy to look back on the developing history of national culture.To summarize the past, we can find many factors contributing to it. what I want to focus on as the first point is thatthe improvement of comprehensive national strength is a great boost to the development of national culture. In addition,as the higher education progresses, sufficient talents can be provided for this cause.The last point worth our attentionis that our administration place much more emphasis on and devote much more to promotion of national culture.The cause of our national culture, I am strongly convinced, must be to a new level as the efforts of our government, higher school, and every member of our whole society. As a young students, we are obliged to study and work hard to devote myself to the cause in the future. 三 各段写作经典模板第一段描述段模板1No other cartoons have more captured our attention and imagination than this one on the paper(in which可以省略).（how impressive and instructive it is!可以省略） Simple as it seems, its symbolic and philosophic meaning goes undoubtedly far deeper.没有那幅画比我们这幅画更引起我们的注意和想象了。面对它的任何人都会受到启发。我们看到画中描绘的是。它给人留下了印象多么深刻，又有启发的意义。尽管看起来简单，但是他的寓意毫无疑问是很深远的。描述段模板2What an illuminating and enlightening cartoon it is! Portrayed in it is that whoever in front of it can not help being attracted. Indeed few pictures could be more symbolic and philosophic than it. However simple it seems at the glance of it, what the cartoonist aims to convey is by no means superficial.这是一个多么发人深省，启迪人心的卡通。这个卡通画的是。任何人在它面前都会被禁不住被吸引。的确很少有画像这幅画一样如此有哲理性和象征意义。无论第一眼多么简单，作者像表达的含义都绝不肤浅。第二段模板1好品质第二段的模板 What the illustrator is trying to communicate to his viewer is not to guess. My impression is that he wishes to demonstrate a weak-point in our human nature: lack of 主题before challenge. Never has it been a question that 主题 is important as other factors contributing to ones success, without which we may undergo repeated failure in whatever we do.画家想对读者说明的不难猜测。我的印象，是他想说明人类天性中的弱点：挑战面前，缺乏。毫无疑问，。和别的成功因素一样重要，可以促进成功，没有它我们任何事情都会失败。本模板还可以加一个例子2 坏现象批判类的第二段写法模板What is actually behind the scene? The reasons for this can be listed as below.第三段模板写法坏现象批判类第三段模板1To conclude, it is about time that much importance were attached to such cases. And it is imperative that steps be taken to curb the phenomenon. There is reason to believe that as long as all of the society, the authority, the mass media and every member of our nation involved make concerted effort, such upsetting stories will ultimately be end.模板2To solve the problem, in my personal opinion, both government and citizens should make a sustained effort. For the fromer, it should not only pass the new laws but raise the peoples awareness of主题。As for people, they should fully understand the importance of 主题 and act accordingly. In one word, if the whole society really understand the problem, pay more attention, and work together, there will definitely be improvement in this case.好品质褒扬类第三段模板1主题词， a moral standard cherished in Chinese tradition, which has existed thousands of years, should not be lost in our generation, or the next. For a populous country like ours the importance of 主题 can never be overstressed. So, the idea that 主题反义词 is a sin and 主题词 is a virtue must be universally advocated, and everyone should remember: reviving our country will originate from us of 主题词第三部分 考研英语（一）写作真题2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section III WritingPart B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Part B52. Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Part B52. Directions:In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET2. (20 points)66 / 66选择高联 选择成功 编讲 文言662008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Part B52.Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上；图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题66.Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the drawing,2) interpret its meaning, and3) support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题66.Directions:Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should1) describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and2) point out its implications in our life.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题66.Directions:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures - National and International”.In the essay you should1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and2) give your comment on the phenomenon.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)An American girl in traditional Chinese costume (服装)2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题76.Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1) show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,2) give a specific example, and3) give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.You should write about 200 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题76.Directions:A Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words.B Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)C Your essay should meet the requirements below:1. Describe the pictures.2. Deduce the purpose of the drawer in the pictures.3. Suggest counter-measures.1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题76.Directions:A Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words.B Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)C Your essay should cover these three points:1.effect of the countrys growing human population on its wildlife2.possible reason for the effect3.your suggestion for wildlife protectionTHE UPS AND DOWNS OF POPULATION GROWTH第五部分 考研(英语一二)小作文写作小作文的分类一 书信类公函建议信 09年限塑令 07年图书馆建议 2012 给留学生的建议道歉信 08年回国前忘记还CD申请信 06年希望工程资助失学儿童辞职信 05年辞职信招聘启事 2010年 招聘国际会议的志愿者邀请信 2013邀请参加英语竞赛私人信函推荐信 2011推荐新电影未考：求职信 感谢信 祝贺信 投诉信 邀请信 便笺 请假条询问信(大纲样题)大纲样题Dear sir and madam,I am writing to express my interest in purchasing several titles from you book store.The books that I would like to buy are.could you let me know how much these books cost? which method of payment does your store accept? Can you deliver them by express mail? How long will it take the books to reach me? If poosible, I would like to pay by check and have the book sent directly to my dorm. Many thanks for any assistance you are able to provide.Your sincerely,Li Ming求职求学信1， 自我介绍表明写信目的2， 简单介绍自己背景，和优势，表达自己得到这个职位的决心和信心3， 客套话，如果得到这个职位，表决心常用开头句式I am writing in response to your advertisement placed inI am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for you job of accountant you have advertised in结尾用语句式I have enclosed my resume that outlines in detail my qualification and experience.Any favorable consideration of my application will be highly appreciatedI am looking forward to a favorable