高三英语二轮复习 第二篇 阅读技能探究 专题三 阅读理解 第3讲 主旨大意题课件.ppt

第3讲主旨大意题 考点1概括主旨大意类 典例 2015 广东高考 d itwasoncecommontoregardbritainasasocietywithclassdistinction eachclasshaduniquecharacteristics inrecentyears manywritershavebeguntospeakofthe declineofclass and classlesssociety inbritain andinmoderndayconsumersocietyeveryoneisconsideredtobemiddleclass butpronouncingthedeathofclassistooearly arecentwide rangingstudyofpublicopinionfound90percentofpeoplestillplacingthemselvesinaparticularclass 73percentagreedthatclasswasstillavitalpartofbritishsociety and52percentthoughttherewerestillsharpclassdifferences thus classmaynotbeculturallyandpoliticallyobvious yetitremainsanimportantpartofbritishsociety britainseemstohavealoveofstratification oneunchangingaspectofabritishperson sclasspositionisaccent thewordsapersonspeakstellherorhisclass astudyofbritishaccentsduringthe1970sfoundthatavoicesoundinglikeabbcnewsreaderwasviewedasthemostattractivevoice mostpeoplesaidthisaccentsounded educated and soft theaccentsplacedatthebottominthisstudy ontheotherhand wereregional 地区的 cityaccents theseaccentswereseenas common and ugly however asimilarstudyofbritishaccentsintheusturnedtheseresultsupsidedownandplacedsomeregionalaccentsasthemostattractiveandbbcenglishastheleast thissuggeststhatbritishattitudestowardsaccenthavedeeprootsandarebasedonclassprejudice inrecentyears however younguppermiddle classpeopleinlondon havebeguntoadoptsomeregionalaccents inordertohidetheirclassorigins thisisanindicationofclassbecomingunnoticed however the1995popsong commonpeople putsforwardtheviewthatthoughamiddle classpersonmay wanttolivelikecommonpeople theycanneverappreciatetherealityofaworking classlife q whatisthemainideaofthepassage a themiddleclassisexpanding b aperson saccentreflectshisclass c classisakeypartofbritishsociety d eachclasshasuniquecharacteristics 解题思路 速读文章 试找出本篇文章的主题句 尝试解答 itwasoncecommontoregardbritainasasocietywithclassdistinction c 解题技巧 1 主题句定位 寻主旨概括文章主旨关键在于查找主题句 主题句是文章的核心 具有明确的概括性 主题句的位置一般有以下几种 主题句出现在文首 开门见山 提出主题 用细节来解释或发展主题句所表达的主题思想 是最常见的演绎法写作方式 新闻报道 说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法 主题句出现在文末 在表述细节后 归纳要点以概括主题 是最常见的归纳法写作方式 主题句首尾呼应 为突出主题 作者先提出主题 结束时再次点出主题 主题句出现在中间 写作方式为 细节描述 归纳主题 进一步解释 2 常见命题方式what sthemainideaofthepassage text what sthepassage textmainlyabout whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage text 考点2总结段落大意类 典例 2015 福建高考 e片段 groupexerciseisoneofthemosteffectivewaystoimprovephysicalfitnessandsustain 保持 ahealthylifestyle groupexerciseischallenging yetfunandempowering ofcourseeveryoneknowsthatexerciseisgoodforthebody however studieshaveshownthatwhenexerciseisperformedingroups it snotonlygreatforimprovingphysicalhealthbutforpsychologicalhealth it sanopportunitytobesocial releaseendorphins 内啡肽 andimproveyourstrength additionally groupexercisecreatesacommunityfeelandthesharedcommongoalmotivatesparticipantstoworkhard theinstrumentalsupportoftakingonafitnessjourneywithothersprovesmoreeffectivethangoingtothegymalone q thefirstparagraphfocuseson a thegreatestchallengeofgroupexerciseb themosteffectivewaytoimprovephysicalfitnessc d thesharedcommongoalinperformingexerciseingroups 我来命题 1 读本段文字 试找出本段的主题句 并标出能总结段落大意的关键词 2 请根据该题选项的特点将找到的主题句改编成选项c however studieshaveshownthatwhenexerciseisperformedingroups it snotonlygreatforimprovingphysicalhealthbutforpsychological health thecontributionofgroupexercisetopsychologicalhealth 解题技巧 1 首尾兼顾 定选项 每个段落通常都有一个中心 段落中心通常会在段首句体现出来 有些采用归纳法的段落 细节表述在前 归纳概括在后 段落中心会在段尾句体现 注意某些段落没有明显的段落中心 需根据段落内容概括出中心 2 常见命题方式themainideaofthe paragraphisprobably the paragraphtalksabout what sparagraph mainlyabout 考点3归纳文章标题类 典例 2014 新课标全国卷 a arrivinginsydneyonhisownfromindia myhusband rashid stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren duringthefirstweekofhisstay hewentoutonedaytodosomeshopping hecamebackinthelateafternoontodiscoverthathissuitcasewasgone hewasextremelyworriedasthesuitcasehadallhisimportantpapers includinghispassport hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere lostandlonelyinastrangecity thinkingoftheterribletroublesofgettingallthepaperworkorganizedagainfromadistantcountrywhiletryingtosettledowninanewone lateintheevening thephonerang itwasastranger hewastryingtopronouncemyhusband snameandwasaskinghimalotofquestions thenhesaidtheyhadfoundapileofpapersintheirtrashcan 垃圾桶 thathadbeenleftoutonthefootpath myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallhispapersanddocuments theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers herparentshadcarefullysortedthemout althoughtheyhadfoundmainlyforeignaddressesonmostofthedocuments atlasttheyhadseenahalf writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend thatfamilynotonlyrestoredtheimportantdocumentstousthatdaybutalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway q whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext a fromindiatoaustraliab livinginanewcountryc turningtrashtotreasured insearchofnewfriends 解题思路 读本篇文章 试填出本篇文章的主线 rashidarrivedinsydney discoveredthathissuitcasewas aftershopping thecasetothepolice thephonerang apileofpapersintheirtrashcan theimportantdocumentsandtrust尝试解答 gone reported found restored c 解题技巧 1 领悟主线 选标题 所选文章标题须能概括全文的中心内容 标题是文章的点睛之笔 是文章的灵魂和门面 比较醒目 以吸引读者的注意 一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断 但在某些文章中 如记叙文 没有明确的主题句 需要根据文中的事实细节 查找文章的 主线 归纳出文章的主题 2 常见命题方式题干中一般都有thebesttitle 此类试题比较好判断 误区纠偏 识别干扰选项特征1 范围过大 干扰项所归纳 概括的范围太大 2 断章取义 干扰项常以文章的个别信息作为选项 或者以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点 3 以偏概全 干扰项只反映了文章的部分内容 也就是范围太小 文体链接 一 记叙文写作特点1 文体特点 记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来 描绘事物和人物情景状态 过程及发展的文体 消息 通讯 传记 游记 小说 童话 寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体 都属于记叙文的范畴 2 写作顺序 记叙文一般是按时间顺序 或按事件的重要性的顺序来展开 最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情感与感悟 这是记叙文的精华 是阅读的难点所在 可谓 一篇之妙 在于