高中短文改错讲解与练习.doc

短文改错题旨在考查考生发现、判断、纠正语篇错误的能力。但是，这种试题并不是检测语法知识的，而是检测考生写作能力中的校验能力。这种能力是进行书面表达的必备能力，写作的成效需要良好的写作程序的支持，而在写作程序中，检验能力是不可缺少的要素。把短文改错当作语法练习是对高考中短文改错的误解。一、短文改错题的解题步骤1.通读全文，掌握大意短文改错不是单句改错，每一句的语意表达，结构选择是受上下文制约的。如谓语动词时态的选择，代词的指代功能等都要依照上下文的线索进行判断。因此，考生应立足于上下文，正确理解作者意图，把握短文的题材、体裁、时态主线，人物和主要情节等，从整体上把握全文。 2.整句理解，逐行推敲通读全文，了解文章大意、写作方式之后，要细致分析每一个完整的句子。应把主要注与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致等。2.连接手段的错误高考英语短文改错命题的一个重要方面就是考查连接手段。连词使用不当会造成上下文无法衔接。英语中的词与词、句与句必须使用并列或从属连词将其连接起来，要判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是让步，从而选择相应的连词。若为复合句，首先判断属于何种从句，然后根据主从句之间的关系判断连接词的使用是否准确或是否有遗漏或多余的现象。3.平行结构的错误在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词对应，形容词与形容词对应，分词与分词对应，不定式与不定式对应，短语与短语对应。它经常借助于并列连词and，or，but或连词词组not only.but also.，not.but.，either.or.，neither.nor.，as well as等。4.非谓语动词形式上的错误主要考查不定式符号to的多余或遗漏；to是介词还是不定式符号的辨认(后跟动词原形考生对名词单复数的掌握情况。8.词语搭配的错误主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词与动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后缺少介词，英语中的一些固定句型及习惯搭配等。9.词性分辨的错误词在句中的位置及与其他词所形成的修饰与被修饰的关系决定了其正确形式，词在句中不同的句法功能要求使用与之相匹配的词性。10.行文逻辑上的错误短文改错中的行文逻辑错误是最难改的一种错误。因为要识别和改出某种错误，考生必须细读全文，在理解短文中心思想、掌握全文逻辑发展顺序的基础上，作出正确判断。下面，我们以典型例题试题中几道有代表意义的短文改错题来分析一下这些种类的错误形式。2、 典型例题1. (2013精选模拟)短文改错My car just wouldnt move any further. It was complete1. dead, and I was a few miles far away from anywhere on a cold 2. wet night. I decided walk around a little before accepting Id 3. have to spend the night in the ear. Maybe I can find a4. telephone. Actually, I didnt have to walk far before I5. found a small house standing on a field with a light6. shone from the sitting room. I knocked at the door and7. was delighting when a pleasant old man opened the8. door but listened to my story carefully. He said he had9. no telephone, and it wasnt one within walking distance,10. but offered to come and look at my car.2.(典型例题改错)My sister found a bird on the roadside. We named himJack and keep him for about three years. He would greet us1. in a tree outside our bedroom, calling “Hello” as we lay in2. bed in a morning. He also passed Hello to the cats when3. they came into the room. We often played a trick on himself.4. Wed throw a coin as far as possibly. Jack would fly away5. and bring it back for us throw again. He would also catch6. the food throwing to him from the other side of the room and7. sing happily. But for the most wonderful thing about Jack8. were his musical ability. Leaving him at home all day, we9. would return at night to hear that hed picked up from theradio in the day.10. 3.(2013精选模拟) Not all people like to work and everyone likes to play. All over 1. the world men and woman, boys and girls enjoy sports. Since2. long ago, many adults and children called their friends together 3. to spend hours, even days play games. One of the reasons people 4. like to play is that sports help them to live happily. In other words,5. they help to keep people strong and feel good. When people are6. playing games, they move a lot. That is how sports are good activities 7. for their health. Having fun with their friends make them happy. 8. Many people enjoy sports by watching the others play. In American9. big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.10. 4. (2013精选模拟)短文改错 Henry Royce did not like his car, that ran badly and often1. broke down. So he decided to make a best car himself,2. and in 1904 he produced his first new model. Charles Rolls,3. a car maker, was very interested in Royces car, but soon4. Rolls arid Royce go into business together. One of their first5. model was the Silver Ghost. In 1907, a Silver Ghost broke the 6. worlds record by drive 14,371 miles without breaking down7. once. After the drive, it was cost just over 2 to put the car8. back into perfect condition. This is not surprising that the Silver 9. Ghost was regarded “the best car in the world”. 10. 5.短文改错There are advantage for students to work while1. studying at school. One of them was that 2. _they can earn money, for the most part. 3. students working to earn money for their own 4. _ use. Earning their own money allow them 5. _ to spend on anything as if they please. 6. _ They would have to ask their parents for 7. _ money or for permission to do things by 8. _ the money. Some students may also to save 9. _ up for our college or future use. 10. _6.短文改错Dear Mr. Brown,I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 1. Before you came to teach us, I had not interest in 2. English. My pronunciation was terribly. I could 3. only speak a few words. But one and a half year later. 4. I now think English fun to learn. I got a lost from your 5. encouraging words. I will always remember what you 6. said, “If you try to, you can be No. 1 !”I hope youve 7. had peasant journey home and will come to China 8. again sometimes in the future. I will write again 9. and send you the photos we take together. 10. Yours sincerely, Li Min Passage 1 Many many years ago there had a merchant 1. named Abul. He was the richer man in the 2. country. He had large, strong boxes filling 3. with gold, and his storehouses were full of 4. value goods. He owned land and houses and 5. gardens. But though he was such rich, he 6. spent least than the poorest beggar in the 7. city. He ate only dates and breads, and wore 8. his clothing for scores of years before he bought 9. new ones. He had not bought new shoes since 10. thirty years. Passage 2 During this summer holiday I took part in special 1. summer camp with some of my classmates. Where we 2. made some new friends who were senior students from 3. Canvey, a town in the Thames, lying to the east of London. 4. As hosts, we showed them around many places of interests 5. in Beijing, such the Palace Museum, the Great Wall and 6. the Summer Palace and we tell them about the changes 7. which had been taken place in Beijing. They said that 8. Beijing was quite different with what they had heard of and 9. it was as beautifully as Canvey. I think the summer camp 10. is of great value. Passage 3 My dream is always to visit to London, England. I 1. imagined London like a big city with some of the best 2. art shows in the world. This summer my dream come true 3. when I spent a week in London. I lived in a hotel in the 4. theatre area, but on the first day I took several long walks 5. through the city staring all the famous buildings. Because 6. there is wide variety of programs, I could go to a different 7. theater every night to see different shows. The best was when 8. I went to see a playing by the most famous writer in the English 9. language-Shakespeare. This is was my mostly enjoyable vacation. 10. Passage 4During the summer holiday, I think I should do something 1. meaningful instead touring. So I got a job at a fast food 2. restaurant and worked there as cleaner. I worked 7 hours a day 3. for three weeks. The job was hard and bored and seemed endless, 4. it made me so tired that I nearly stopped it half way. 5. After all, I stuck to it with determinations. Every day I started 6. off for work early in the morning and went to home late in the 7. evening. Finally, I finished the job after the new school term 8. began. Now, I understand that labor means. I think it is really 9. a successful experience, which is worth remembering for ever 10. Passage 5My swimming experience is extreme interesting. There was 1. a time when I swam like a rock. This went on to one day 2. when I was fishing with a friend of mine at nearby pond. 3. I slip into it. If my friend had not come to my rescue, 4. I would have been drowned. Ever since then, I have come 5. to know the importances of learning to swim. I didnt 6. attend to any training class but learned it on my own. Strange 7. to say, I have no difficulty swim at all now. Though my 8. self- invent styles look awkward(拙笨的), at least they can 9. keep my floating. Thinking of this, I am more than satisfied. 10. 答案: my改为me Passage 6 I was used to complain about my English teacher for 1. her bad English. I was also tired with her teaching methods, 2. which were always slow and bored. However, my attitude 3. towards her began to change after one afternoon. It was raining 4. heavily and I didnt attend to school. Around 5: 30 pm I received 5. a phone call. “Are you all right?” asked my English teacher in quiet 6. voice. On hearing his words, I was shocked and my mind was 7. flooded with mixed feelings. She is showing her concern for 8. me, though I had not been happily with her! Was she just acting, 9. and should I smooth away my past misunderstanding of her? 10. Passage 7When I walked into the classroom, the teacher was handing in the test papers. I was feeling very nervous. I had not studied 1. at all the weekend as I had thought it would be easy test. 2. I went trough the test for many times but I could only answer 3. three out from the twenty questions. I did not want to fail 4. the exam. Then, I put my book under my desk, opening it 5. and started looking for the answer. The teacher wasnt 6. looking at me, but I copied something. Suddenly, I felt a hand 7. on my shoulder! The teacher caught me cheating. I dont 8. know what to say. Luckily, the teacher did not punish for 9. cheating but instead gave me a second chance. 10. _Passage 8 Dear Linda,Our city changed a lot in the past 5 years. More highways 1. have been built, that makes it very convenient for people 2. to travel. Many high buildings have been appeared, which 3. are modem and beautiful. As the result, peoples living 4. conditions have been greatly improved. Many families have got 5. cars of their own. And they can enjoy them traveling on holidays. 6. They lead a rich and colorful life. Mobile phone and computers 7. are very usual now. So it is easier for people to keep in touch 8. with each other than ago. More and more foreign companies have 9. started factories here. Living here is almost the same as America, I think. 10. Best wishes. Yours truly, Li Hua Passage 10 Dear Tom, Im glad to hear that you are coming soon. I had just 1. read an ad for house sale, which you might be interesting 2. in. Im writing to tell yourself about what it says. 3. Green Square lies in Chao yang District. It is next the 4. Great Wall Hotel, and just one kilometer away from the 5. expressway. There are also the schools, restaurants, a 6. hospital and a shop center as well. The kitchen and 7. the bathroom are especial convenient. Hot water is 8. provided for 24 hours, but lifts work day and night. 9. If you need further information, calling 010 -77465329. 10. With best wishes. Yours truly, John Passage 11 I will graduate out